OBJECTIVES: Anaesthetics are used in aquaculture to prevent stress and mechanical damage to fish during handling or the treatment of fish in breeding, blood sampling and other veterinary interventions. Clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol are used in the Czech Republic in a water bath for the short-term immobilization of the fish. DESIGN: Acute toxicity tests were performed on aquarium fish Danio rerio, which is considered to be one of the model organisms most commonly used in toxicity testing. The semi-static method according to OECD No. 203 (Fish acute toxicity test) was used for testing juvenile fish. Embryo toxicity tests were performed in zebrafish embryos (D. rerio) in compliance with the OECD No. 212 methodology (Fish, short-term toxicity test on embryo and sac-fry stages). The results obtained (the number of dead individuals at particular test concentrations) were subjected to a probit analysis using the EKO-TOX 5.2 programme in order to determine LC50 clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol values. The statistical significance of the difference between LC50 values in juvenile and embryonic stages of D. rerio was tested using the Mann-Whitney non-parametric test implemented in the Unistat 5.1 programme. RESULTS: The LC50 clove oil mean value was 18.8 +/- 5.52 mg.L-1 in juvenile D. rerio, and 15.64 +/- 3.30 mg.L-1 in embryonic stages of D. rerio. The LC50 2-phenoxyethanol mean value was 338.22 +/- 15.22 mg.L-1 in juvenile D. rerio, whereas in embryonic stages of D. rerio it was 486.35 +/- 25.53 mg.L-1. CONCLUSIONS: The study proved statistically significantly higher (p<0.01) sensitivity in juvenile fish to 2-phenoxyethanol compared to the embryonic stages. Acute toxicity values of clove oil for juvenile and embryonic stages were comparable.

• MeSH
• anestetika toxicita   MeSH
• dánio pruhované fyziologie   MeSH
• ethylenglykoly toxicita   MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej toxicita   MeSH
• larva MeSH
• LD50 MeSH
• oleje rostlin toxicita   MeSH
• Syzygium toxicita   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH

It is supposed that plant functional foods, rich in phytochemicals, may potentially have preventive effects in carcinogenesis. In this study, the anticancer effects of cloves in the in vivo and in vitro mammary carcinoma model were assessed. Dried flower buds of cloves (CLOs) were used at two concentrations of 0.1% and 1% through diet during 13 weeks after the application of chemocarcinogen. After autopsy, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of rat mammary carcinomas were performed. Moreover, in vitro evaluation using MCF-7 cells was carried out. Dietary administered CLO caused the dose-dependent decrease in tumour frequency by 47.5% and 58.5% when compared to control. Analysis of carcinoma cells in animals showed bcl-2, Ki67, VEGFA, CD24 and CD44 expression decrease and Bax, caspase-3 and ALDH1 expression increase after high-dose CLO administration. MDA levels were substantially decreased in rat carcinomas in both CLO groups. The evaluation of histone modifications revealed increase in lysine trimethylations and acetylations (H4K20me3, H4K16ac) in carcinomas after CLO administration. TIMP3 promoter methylation levels of CpG3, CpG4, CpG5 islands were altered in treated cancer cells. An increase in total RASSF1A promoter methylation (three CpG sites) in CLO 1 group was found. In vitro studies showed antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of CLO extract in MCF-7 cells (analyses of cytotoxicity, Brdu, cell cycle, annexin V/PI, caspase-7, Bcl-2 and mitochondrial membrane potential). This study showed a significant anticancer effect of clove buds in the mammary carcinoma model in vivo and in vitro.

• MeSH
• adenokarcinom dietoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• antigen Ki-67 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• antitumorózní látky fytogenní izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• epigeneze genetická účinky léků   MeSH
• experimentální nádory mléčných žláz dietoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• histony genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kaspasa 3 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• květy chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránový potenciál mitochondrií účinky léků   MeSH
• metylace DNA účinky léků   MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky MeSH
• nádorové supresorové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory prsu dietoterapie   genetika   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• protein X asociovaný s bcl-2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• retinaldehydrogenasa genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• Syzygium chemie   MeSH
• tumor burden účinky léků   MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Práce popisuje případ 68leté pacientky, která se dostavila k vyšetření pro 3 roky trvající výrůstky v oblasti 4. a 5. prstu levé nohy. Histologicky byly potvrzeny akrální fibrokeratomy, které, zejména pokud jsou mnohočetné, mohou být příznakem tuberózní sklerózy (tzv. Koenenovy tumory). Podrobné celkové vyšetření včetně celotělového CT nevykázalo přítomnost znaků tuberózní sklerózy. Chirurgická excize je léčbou volby, tumory však mohou recidivovat. Autoři poskytují přehled současných poznatků o tomto postižení.

The work describes the case of a 68-year-old female who was examined for three years growth protuberance in the fourth and fifth finger of the left leg. Histologically, acral fibrokeratomas have been confirmed, which may be numerous in tuberous sclerosis and so-called as Koenen´s tumors. Thorough examination including full-body CT scan did not show any sign of tuberous sclerosis. The surgical excision is the treatment of choice, however tumors recur. The authors give an overview of current knowledge on this disorder.

• Klíčová slova
• akrální fibrokeratom,
• MeSH
• dermatózy nohy (od hlezna dolů) * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• fibrom * diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• keratóza diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory kůže diagnóza   chirurgie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of Propiscin, 2-phenoxyethanol, clove oil and tricaine methane sulphonate (MS 222), anaesthetics frequently used in aquaculture. DESIGN: The haematological and biochemical blood profiles of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) anesthetized with Propiscin (1.5 ml L-1), 2-phenoxyethanol (0.3 ml L-1), clove oil (33 mg L-1), MS 222 (150 mg L-1) and non-anesthetized control group were tested. Each tested group was divided into two subgroups, the first subgroup was sampled in anaesthesia 10 min after application of the anaesthetic and the second one live on 24h. RESULTS: The erythrocyte count and haematocrit was significantly decreased in 2-phenoxyethanol (24 h) compared with control group (CG). The mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration was significantly increased in 2-phenoxyethanol (10 min), Propiscin (10 min and 24 h) compared to CG. The 2-phenoxyethanol (10 min and 24 h), MS 222 (24 h), clove oil (24 h), and Propiscin (10 min and 24 h) showed significantly lower leukocyte count compared with CG. The level of glucose was significantly (p<0.05) elevated with MS 222 (10 min) and clove oil (10 min) compared with CG. The 2-phenoxyethanol (10 min and 24 h), MS 222 (24 h), clove oil (24 h), and Propiscin (24 h) showed significantly lower (p<0.01) ammonia levels compared with CG. The triacylglycerols was significantly decreased (p<0.01) with Propiscin (10 min and 24 h), MS 222 (24 h), clove oil (24 h) and with 2-phenoxyethanol (24 h) compared with CG. After 24 hours MS 222 (24 h) and Propiscin (24 h) anaesthesia, fish showed significantly lower (p<0.01) concentration of inorganic phosphate compared with CG. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this experiment, it appears that clove oil was associated with the lowest effects in pikeperch and therefore would be recommended as an alternative to MS 222, while Propiscin and 2-phenoxyethanol are not suitable for manipulation with pikeperch in aquaculture.

• MeSH
• aminobenzoáty toxicita   MeSH
• anestetika farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• Esocidae krev   MeSH
• ethylenglykoly farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• etomidát farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• hematokrit MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• krevní proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• okounovití krev   MeSH
• počet erytrocytů MeSH
• vodní hospodářství metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

The rise of the mosquitoes-transmitted diseases, like dengue, zika and chikungunya in Brazil in the last years has increased concerns on protection against mosquitoes bites. However, the prohibitive prices of the commercially available repellents for the majority of the Brazilian population has provoked a search for cheaper solutions, like the use of the homemade ethanolic extract of Indian clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) as repellent, which has been reported as quite efficient by the local press. In order to verify this, we performed here the quantification of the main components of this extract through high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)-densitometry and evaluated its efficiency as a repellent and its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition capacity. Our results have proved HPTLC-densitometry as an efficient and appropriate method for this quantification and confirmed the repellency activity, as well as its capacity of AChE inhibition.

• MeSH
• acetylcholinesterasa metabolismus   MeSH
• Aedes účinky léků   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory * analýza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• chování zvířat účinky léků   MeSH
• chromatografie na tenké vrstvě metody   MeSH
• denzitometrie MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• eugenol analýza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• repelenty proti hmyzu * analýza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * analýza   chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Syzygium chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Currently, many questions regarding the effect of anaesthetics to fish remain unresolved. Fish species may differ widely in their response to an anaesthetic, the screening of dosages is often necessary. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of tricaine methane sulphonate (MS 222), clove oil, 2-phenoxyethanol and Propiscin on haematological profiles, oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in barbel (Barbus barbus). DESIGN: The haematological profiles, oxidative stress biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes of barbel were evaluated immediately after a 10 min anaesthesia (MS 222--100 mg.L(-1), clove oil--33 mg.L(-1), 2-phenoxyethanol--0.4 mg.L(-1), Propiscin--1.0 mg.L(-1)), and 24 h after anaesthesia. RESULTS: The 10 min exposure in the recommended concentrations of tested anaesthetics have no significant effect on haematological profiles, levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and activity of glutathione reductase of barbel. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly decreased (p<0.01) in the muscle in all experimental groups. The activity of SOD showed a significant decrease (p<0.01) in the liver 24 h after all anaesthetics; however in the gill the activity of SOD was significantly increased (p<0.01) in Propiscin (10 min). The activity of catalase (CAT) was significantly increased (p<0.05) in the muscle 24 h after all anaesthetics. CONCLUSIONS: The observed effects on barbel antioxidant systems may be a defence against oxidative damage. The results of this study suggest that the antioxidant systems of barbel are altered by Propiscin anaesthesia, but are slightly affected by MS 222, clove oil, and 2-phenoxyethanol anaesthesia.

• MeSH
• aminobenzoáty farmakologie   MeSH
• anestetika farmakologie   MeSH
• Cyprinidae MeSH
• ethylenglykoly farmakologie   MeSH
• etomidát farmakologie   MeSH
• glutathionreduktasa účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej farmakologie   MeSH
• játra účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• látky reagující s kyselinou thiobarbiturovou metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• žábry účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Sildenafil citrate has low oral bioavailability, systemic adverse effects, and a relatively delayed action. These issues may be addressed through direct transdermal delivery to the penis. This study aims to investigate the microemulsion formulation of the drug for effective transdermal delivery. Sildenafil citrate was formulated as a microemulsion using clove oil, dimethyl sulphoxide, phosphate buffer (pH 7), propylene glycol, Tween®80, and distilled water. Different proportions of these components were used to create six formulations of the microemulsion (F1-F6), which were then characterised by their physical appearance and clarity, pH, viscosity, conductivity, percent transmission, and droplet size. Furthermore, the stability, content analysis, in-vitro drug release, and transdermal permeation of sildenafil citrate from the generated drug-loaded microemulsions were studied. All prepared formulas contained nano-sized oil droplets (less than 20 nm), and the pH values were within the range of skin pH; however, two formulas were not transparent. Additionally, all formulations were thermodynamically stable, passing freeze-thaw, heating-cooling, and centrifugation tests. Next, the formulas demonstrated zero-order release kinetics, indicating that they can provide a sustained release profile for sildenafil citrate. Finally, the microemulsion formulation exhibited a 2.8-fold enhancement in skin permeation compared with that of the sildenafil citrate suspension. The prepared microemulsions demonstrated beneficial physical properties and skin permeation profiles that are promising for the local administration of sildenafil citrate.

• Klíčová slova
• mikroemulze,
• MeSH
• aplikace kožní * MeSH
• emulze MeSH
• hřebíčkový olej MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lékové formy MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• permeabilita MeSH
• příprava léků metody   MeSH
• sildenafil citrát * aplikace a dávkování   farmakokinetika   farmakologie   MeSH
• stabilita léku MeSH
• suspenze MeSH
• uvolňování léčiv MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH

1. The aim was to evaluate the acaricidal effects of pure active components of essential oils against poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) as an alternative to chemical acaricides (organophosphates and pyrethroids).2. The toxicities of five pure active components of essential oils (eugenol from clove bud, eucalyptol from rosemary, limonene from citrus fruits, linalool from lavender and cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon) were tested on D. gallinae females in an impregnated paper assay.3. The active substances were dissolved in water and Tween 20 and applied at concentrations ranging from 0.002 to 0.06 µl/cm2. Toxicity was expressed as a lethal dose (LD50 or LD90).4. The highest mortality was observed with eugenol. The LD90 was estimated to be 5.1 µg/cm2 for this substance, followed by cinnamaldehyde, the LD90 of which was estimated to be 11.0 µg/cm2. Limonene and eucalyptol were generally less effective in controlling D. gallinae.

• MeSH
• akaricidy * MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• oleje prchavé * MeSH
• roztoči * MeSH
• Syzygium * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH