BACKGROUND: Verbal coach encouragement is a key motivational strategy that enhances skill development, game strategy execution, and team cohesion. In youth basketball, where players are still developing technical and decision-making abilities, coach encouragement can play a crucial role in sustaining effort, improving focus, and fostering resilience under small-sided games (SSGs). This study investigated how coach encouragement (CE) influences young basketball players' technical performance and psychophysiological responses during competitive gameplay. METHODS: Sixteen male basketball players (age = 15.19 ± 1.05 years) voluntarily participated in the study. Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, mood states and technical activities were recorded with coach encouragement and without coach encouragement during SSGs. RESULTS: The results showed that SSGs with coach encouragement were associated with significantly higher heart rate (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.69), maximum heart rate percentage (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.15), ratings of perceived exertion (p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.69), enjoyment (p ≤ 0.007, d = 0.86), technical abilities (e.g., successful passes and shots; p ≤ 0.05, d ranging from 1.08 to 1.25), and fatigue (p ≤ 0.03, d = 1.47). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study highlight the importance of CE in improving the psychophysiological and technical abilities of young basketball players during SSGs. CE improves coach-athlete relationships and increases game performance.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study investigated the impact of Hofstede cultural dimensions on sustainable competitive advantage with the mediating role of entrepreneurial innovativeness among Malays, Malaysian Chinese, and Malaysian Indian entrepreneurs in the retail industry. This study involved a quantitative approach with standardized questionnaires distributed among target respondents through non-probability sampling techniques, including snowball sampling, quota sampling, and convenience sampling. The data were collected in a cross-sectional setting from Malaysian retail ethnic entrepreneurs. AMOS-SEM and SPSS were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed a positive and significant influence of indulgence, long-term orientation, masculinity, and low power distance on sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Furthermore, the direct effect of entrepreneurial innovativeness was also positive and significant in terms of sustainable competitive advantage among Chinese, Malay, and Indian entrepreneurs. Finally, the indirect effects of collectivism, indulgence, low uncertainty avoidance, low power distance, masculinity, and long-term orientation on sustainable competitive advantage through mediator entrepreneurial innovativeness were positive and significant among Malaysian Chinese. However, in Malay (indulgence) and India (collectivism, low uncertainty avoidance, and low power distance), these were not significant. Our results suggest that academics and businesses should consider how cultural norms of masculinity, long-term orientation, and uncertainty avoidance impact sustainable competitive advantage activities. Rewards encouraging sustainable competitive advantage in one subculture may not promote it in another. Subcultural norms influence entrepreneurs' decisions, expectations, and incentives in a culturally diverse community.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• etnicita psychologie   MeSH
• kompetitivní chování MeSH
• kreativita MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužskost MeSH
• podnikání * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Malajsie MeSH

Calix[4]arenes bearing urea units at the meta position(s) of the upper rim of the macrocyclic skeleton were prepared by the reaction of the corresponding amines with aryl isocyanates. As shown by the 1H NMR and UV/vis titration experiments, these systems are capable of effectively complexing selected anions even in a highly competitive environment (such as DMSO-d6). While the monoureido derivatives showed approximately the same complexation ability irrespective of the substitution (para vs. meta isomers), the bisureas at the upper rim demonstrated interesting differences in complexation. The meta,meta and para,para isomers were shown to prefer 2 : 1 complexes (anion : receptor) regardless of the anion tested, while the analogous meta,para isomer formed 1 : 1 complexes with strongly coordinated anions (e.g. H2PO4-) based on synchronous complexation by both ureido groups. This suggests that the regioselective introduction of urea units into the upper rim of calix[4]arene brings with it the possibility of "tuning" the complexation properties depending on the substitution pattern of the functional groups.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Intense sports training increases the frequency of menstrual cycle disorders. The aim of this study was to examine female taekwondo athletes (N = 33), active competitors, about their experience of menstruation, their physical ability to train and compete, as well as their mental ability. Another objective was to determine the connection between the frequent reduction in body weight before the competition and the occurrence of various menstrual disorders. The negative effects of menstruation that most affect the physical fitness of the participants are the physical symptoms of premenstrual syndrome and severe menstrual cramps, while the emotional symptoms of premenstrual syndrome most affect their mental preparation. Menstruation did not show a limiting effect on achieving sports success and participation in sports activities at full intensity. The participants predominantly do not miss training or competition due to menstruation. The highest level of limitation was manifested in sparring activities and explosiveness training. Even 87.8% of female athletes have the experience of intentional weight loss before the competition (from which 24.2% always), and 51.5% declare that constant change in body weight before competition affects the menstrual regularity. It is important to respect the individual characteristics of female athletes during menstruation and to encourage them to take care of the relationship between menstruation and sports activities. Training programs should include plans for determining body weight and long-term body composition.

Mycoviruses are viruses that infect fungi and are widespread across all major fungal taxa, exhibiting great biological diversity. Since their discovery in the 1960s, researchers have observed a myriad of fungal phenotypes altered due to mycoviral infection. In this review, we examine the nuanced world of mycoviruses in the context of the medically and agriculturally important fungal genus, Aspergillus. The advent of RNA sequencing has revealed a previous underestimate of viral prevalence in fungi, in particular linear single-stranded RNA viruses, and here we outline the diverse viral families known to date that contain mycoviruses infecting Aspergillus. Furthermore, we describe these novel mycoviruses, highlighting those with peculiar genome structures, such as a split RNA dependent RNA polymerase gene. Next, we delineate notable mycovirus-mediated phenotypes in Aspergillus, in particular reporting on observations of mycoviruses that affect their fungal host's virulence and explore how this may relate to virus-mediated decreased stress tolerance. Furthermore, mycovirus effects on microbial competition and antifungal resistance are discussed. The factors that influence the manifestation of these phenotypes, such as temperature, fungal life stage, and infection with multiple viruses, among others, are also evaluated. In addition, we attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underpin these phenotypes, examining how mycoviruses can be targets, triggers, and even suppressors of RNA silencing and how this can affect fungal gene expression and phenotypes. Finally, we highlight the potential therapeutic applications of mycoviruses and how, in an approach analogous to bacteriophage therapy, their ability to produce hypovirulence in Aspergillus might be used to attenuate invasive aspergillosis infections in humans.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The paper presents the findings of a longitudinal testing of talented youth in orienteering in the Czech Republic. Young talented orienteers participate in the testing of motor skills by standardized tests. The results and conclusions of the 3 km and 5 km cross-country running measurements (according to age category) point to a regressive state of endurance abilities in young athletes between 1997 and 2020, describe possible reasons and suggest possible remedies. A total of 300 girls and 445 boys aged 12-14 years participated in the research investigation in the East Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic, who are divided into performance categories HD12 and HD14 in the context of organised Czech orienteering competition. The aim of the evaluation of the longitudinal testing was to determine the trends in performance in endurance cross-country running as a key performance parameter of talented orienteering athletes over the period 1997 to 2020. The resulting data indicate that performance in all the studied categories in the given field test has a consistently decreasing trend. The results are also related to the conclusions of foreign and domestic observations of the state of motor fitness of children and youth of the corresponding period and indicate that the level of aerobic ability of young talented runners generally follows the current state of the level of endurance ability found in the national testing of school youth under the auspices of the Czech School Inspectorate (CSI, 2023), and thus the alarming society-wide situation in the field of motor fitness of children and youth in the Czech Republic.

BACKGROUND: There is limited information regarding adaptation of HIIT in female athletes which is important since the adaptation to HIIT may be different compared to male athletes. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarize the effects of HIIT on physical performance in female team sports athletes. METHODS: The following databases Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ProQuest and Science Direct were searched prior to September 2nd, 2022. The inclusion criteria were longitudinal studies written in English, elite, sub-elite or college female team sports participants, and HIIT intensity had to be at 80-100% maximal heart rate. There were no exclusion criteria regarding the age of the participants or their training experience. The primary outcome measures were maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), repeated sprint ability (RSA), change of direction speed, speed, explosive strength and body composition. RESULTS: A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 230 participants. HIIT improved VO2max in five studies (ES from 0.19 to 1.08), while three studies showed improvement in their RSA (ES from 0.32 to 0.64). In addition, change of direction speed was improved in five studies (ES from 0.34 to 0.88), while speed improved in four studies (ES from 0.12 to 0.88). Explosive strength results varied (ES from 0.39 to 1.05), while in terms of body composition, the results were inconsistent through observed team sports. CONCLUSION: HIIT has significant effects on VO2max, RSA, change of direction speed, speed and explosive strength in female team sports, regardless of the competition level.

• Publikační typ
• systematický přehled MeSH

ArdB, ArdA, and Ocr proteins inhibit the endonuclease activity of the type I restriction-modification enzymes (RMI). In this study, we evaluated the ability of ArdB, ArdA, and Ocr to inhibit different subtypes of Escherichia coli RMI systems (IA, IB, and IC) as well as two Bacillus licheniformis RMI systems. Furthermore we explored, the antirestriction activity of ArdA, ArdB, and Ocr against a type III restriction-modification system (RMIII) EcoPI and BREX. We found that DNA-mimic proteins, ArdA and Ocr exhibit different inhibition activity, depending on which RM system tested. This effect might be linked to the DNA mimicry nature of these proteins. In theory, DNA-mimic might competitively inhibit any DNA-binding proteins; however, the efficiency of inhibition depend on the ability to imitate the recognition site in DNA or its preferred conformation. In contrast, ArdB protein with an undescribed mechanism of action, demonstrated greater versatility against various RMI systems and provided similar antirestriction efficiency regardless of the recognition site. However, ArdB protein could not affect restriction systems that are radically different from the RMI such as BREX or RMIII. Thus, we assume that the structure of DNA-mimic proteins allows for selective inhibition of any DNA-binding proteins depending on the recognition site. In contrast, ArdB-like proteins inhibit RMI systems independently of the DNA recognition site.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Accumulation of senescent cells may drive age-associated alterations and pathologies. Senolytics are promising therapeutics that can preferentially eliminate senescent cells. Here, we performed a high-throughput automatized screening (HTS) of the commercial LOPAC®Pfizer library on aphidicolin-induced senescent human fibroblasts, to identify novel senolytics. We discovered the nociceptin receptor FQ opioid receptor (NOP) selective ligand 1-[1-(1-methylcyclooctyl)-4-piperidinyl]-2-[(3R)-3-piperidinyl]-1H-benzimidazole (MCOPPB, a compound previously studied as potential anxiolytic) as the best scoring hit. The ability of MCOPPB to eliminate senescent cells in in vitro models was further tested in mice and in C. elegans. MCOPPB reduced the senescence cell burden in peripheral tissues but not in the central nervous system. Mice and worms exposed to MCOPPB also exhibited locomotion and lipid storage changes. Mechanistically, MCOPPB treatment activated transcriptional networks involved in the immune responses to external stressors, implicating Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Our study uncovers MCOPPB as a NOP ligand that, apart from anxiolytic effects, also shows tissue-specific senolytic effects.

• MeSH
• anxiolytika * farmakologie   MeSH
• Caenorhabditis elegans MeSH
• léky proti stárnutí * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligandy MeSH
• myši MeSH
• narkotika - antagonisté farmakologie   MeSH
• opioidní analgetika MeSH
• opioidní peptidy MeSH
• piperidiny farmakologie   MeSH
• receptory opiátové MeSH
• rychlé screeningové testy MeSH
• stárnutí buněk * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

3,5,7-Trisubstituted pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines have been identified as potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which are established drug targets. Herein, we describe their further structural modifications leading to novel nanomolar inhibitors with strong antiproliferative activity. We determined the crystal structure of fully active CDK2/A2 with 5-(2-amino-1-ethyl)thio-3-cyclobutyl-7-[4-(pyrazol-1-yl)benzyl]amino-1(2)H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine (24) at 1.7 Å resolution, confirming the competitive mode of inhibition. Biochemical and cellular assays in lymphoma cell lines confirmed the expected mechanism of action through dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein and RNA polymerase II, leading to induction of apoptosis. Importantly, we also revealed an interesting ability of compound 24 to induce proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin K both in vitro and in a patient-derived xenograft in vivo. We propose that 24 has a dual mechanism of action, acting as a kinase inhibitor and as a molecular glue inducing an interaction between CDK12 and DDB1 that leads to polyubiquitination of cyclin K and its subsequent degradation.

• MeSH
• cyklin-dependentní kinasa 2 MeSH
• cyklin-dependentní kinasy * MeSH
• cykliny metabolismus   MeSH
• inhibitory proteinkinas chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• protinádorové látky * chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• pyrimidiny chemie   MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH