Background: Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis (MS) are often presenting with overlapping symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how NMO and MS differ regarding cerebral iron deposits in deep gray matter (DGM) and the correlation between iron deposition and clinical severity as well as to regional atrophy of the DGM. Methods: We analyzed 20 patients with NMO, 40 patients with a relapsing-remitting (RR) form of MS, and 20 healthy controls with 1.5T MRI. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) was performed to estimate iron concentration in the DGM. Results: Patients with NMO have higher magnetic susceptibility values in the substantia nigra compared to healthy controls. RRMS patients have lower magnetic susceptibility values in the thalamus compared to healthy controls and NMO patients. Atrophy of the thalamus, pulvinar, and putamen is significant both in RRMS compared to NMO patients and healthy controls. A correlation was found between the disability score (EDSS) and magnetic susceptibility in the putamen in RRMS. Conclusions: This study confirms that a disturbed cerebral iron homeostasis in patients with NMO occurs in different structures than in patients with RRMS. Increased magnetic susceptibility in substantia nigra in NMO and decreased magnetic susceptibility within the thalamus in RRMS were the only significant differences in the study sample. We could confirm that iron concentration in the thalami is decreased in RRMS compared to that in the HC group. Positive association was found between putaminal iron and EDSS in RRMS.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek * diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• neuromyelitis optica * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza * metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• šedá hmota chemie   MeSH
• železo analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: While progressive MRI brain changes characterize advanced Parkinson's disease (PD), little has been discovered about structural alterations in the earliest phase of the disease, i.e. in patients with motor symptoms and with normal cognition. Our study aimed to detect grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes in PD patients without cognitive impairment. METHODS: Twenty PD patients and twenty-one healthy controls (HC) were tested for attention, executive function, working memory, and visuospatial and language domains. High-resolution T1-weighted and 60 directional diffusion-weighted 3T MRI images were acquired. The cortical, deep GM and WM volumes and density, as well as the diffusion properties of WM, were calculated. Analyses were repeated on data flipped to the side of the disease origin. RESULTS: PD patients did not show any significant differences from HC in cognitive functioning or in brain volumes. Decreased GM intensity was found in the left superior parietal lobe in the right (p<0.02) and left (p<0.01) flipped data. The analysis of original, un-flipped data demonstrated elevated axial diffusivity (p<0.01) in the superior and anterior corona radiata, internal capsule, and external capsule in the left hemisphere of PD relative to HC, while higher mean and radial diffusivity were discovered in the right (p<0.02 and p<0.03, respectively) and left (p<0.02 and p<0.02, respectively) in the fronto-temporal WM utilizing flipped data. CONCLUSIONS: PD patients without cognitive impairment and GM atrophy demonstrated widespread alterations of WM microstructure. Thus, WM impairment in PD might be a sensitive sign preceding the neuronal loss in associated GM regions.

• MeSH
• atrofie MeSH
• bílá hmota diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kognice MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• neuropsychologické testy MeSH
• neurozobrazování MeSH
• Parkinsonova nemoc diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   psychologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• šedá hmota diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore the evolution of MRI related gender differences in patients with relapsing-remitting (RR) multiple sclerosis (MS) who participated in a clinical trial over the 5 years. METHODS: 181 patients (39 males and 142 females) were assessed for clinical and neuroradiological disease activity over a period of 5 years. Clinical and MRI examination were performed at the baseline, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 months. Longitudinal percentage volume changes in whole brain (PBVC), gray matter (PGMVC) white matter (PWMVC) cortex (PCVC), and lateral ventricles (PLVVC) were calculated by using direct methods (SIENA and SIENAX-multitimepoint). Absolute tissue volume changes of subcortical deep GM structures including caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, thalamus, hippocampus, amygdala and nucleus accumbens were estimated using FIRST, a model based segmentation/registration tool. T2 lesion volume (T2-LV) and lesion activity analyses were performed, using a contouring-threshold and subtraction techniques. All clinical and MRI variables were analyzed between males and females. RESULTS: Global (PBVC) and tissue specific (PGMVC, PWMVC, PCVC, PLVVC) brain volume changes showed no significant gender differences over the 5-year follow-up period. Although total subcortical deep GM, caudate, putamen, globus palidus, thalamus and nucleus accumbens normalized volumes were significantly larger in male subjects at baseline, the follow-up analysis showed no differences over the 5 years. There were no gender differences in lesion activity or T2-LV changes over the 5 years. CONCLUSION: No MRI lesion, global, tissue specific or regional brain volume gender change differences were found over the 5-year follow-up.

• MeSH
• atrofie MeSH
• axony patologie   MeSH
• charakteristické znaky pohlaví MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• nervová vlákna myelinizovaná patologie   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• relabující-remitující roztroušená skleróza patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Although the cerebellum contributes to higher-order cognitive and emotional functions relevant to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), prior research on cerebellar volume in PTSD is scant, particularly when considering subregions that differentially map on to motor, cognitive, and affective functions. In a sample of 4215 adults (PTSD n = 1642; Control n = 2573) across 40 sites from the ENIGMA-PGC PTSD working group, we employed a new state-of-the-art deep-learning based approach for automatic cerebellar parcellation to obtain volumetric estimates for the total cerebellum and 28 subregions. Linear mixed effects models controlling for age, gender, intracranial volume, and site were used to compare cerebellum volumes in PTSD compared to healthy controls (88% trauma-exposed). PTSD was associated with significant grey and white matter reductions of the cerebellum. Compared to controls, people with PTSD demonstrated smaller total cerebellum volume, as well as reduced volume in subregions primarily within the posterior lobe (lobule VIIB, crus II), vermis (VI, VIII), flocculonodular lobe (lobule X), and corpus medullare (all p-FDR < 0.05). Effects of PTSD on volume were consistent, and generally more robust, when examining symptom severity rather than diagnostic status. These findings implicate regionally specific cerebellar volumetric differences in the pathophysiology of PTSD. The cerebellum appears to play an important role in higher-order cognitive and emotional processes, far beyond its historical association with vestibulomotor function. Further examination of the cerebellum in trauma-related psychopathology will help to clarify how cerebellar structure and function may disrupt cognitive and affective processes at the center of translational models for PTSD.

• MeSH
• bílá hmota patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• deep learning MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody   MeSH
• mozeček * patologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• posttraumatická stresová porucha * patologie   patofyziologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• šedá hmota patologie   MeSH
• velikost orgánu MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH

Deep gray matter structures are associated with memory and other important functions that are impaired in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, systematic characterization of the subregional atrophy and deformations in these structures in AD and MCI still need more investigations. In this article, we combined complex volumetry- and vertex-based analysis to investigate the pattern of subregional structural alterations in deep gray matter structures and its association with global clinical scores in AD (n = 30) and MCI patients (n = 30), compared to normal controls (NCs, n = 30). Among all seven pairs of structures, the bilateral hippocampi and nucleus accumbens showed significant atrophy in AD compared with NCs (p < 0.05). But only the subregional atrophy in the dorsal-medial part of the left hippocampus, the ventral part of right hippocampus, and the left nucleus accumbens, the posterior part of the right nucleus accumbens correlated with the worse clinical scores of MMSE and MOCA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the medial-ventral part of right thalamus significantly shrank and correlated with clinical scores without decreasing in its whole volume (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the atrophy of these four subregions in bilateral hippocampi and nucleus accumbens was associated with cognitive impairment of patients, which might be potential target regions of treatment in AD. The surface analysis could provide additional information to volume comparison in finding the early pathological progress in deep gray matter structures.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• neuroanatomie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurovědy
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

Background Abnormal findings at brain MRI in patients with neurologic Wilson disease (WD) are characterized by signal intensity changes and cerebral atrophy. T2 signal hypointensities and atrophy are largely irreversible with treatment; their relationship with permanent disability has not been systematically investigated. Purpose To investigate associations of regional brain atrophy and iron accumulation at MRI with clinical severity in participants with neurologic WD who are undergoing long-term anti-copper treatment. Materials and Methods Participants with WD and controls were compared in a prospective study performed from 2015 to 2019. MRI at 3.0 T included three-dimensional T1-weighted and six-echo multigradient-echo pulse sequences for morphometry and quantitative susceptibility mapping, respectively. Neurologic severity was assessed with the Unified WD Rating Scale (UWDRS). Automated multi-atlas segmentation pipeline with dual contrast (susceptibility and T1) was used for the calculation of volumes and mean susceptibilities in deep gray matter nuclei. Additionally, whole-brain analysis using deformation and surface-based morphometry was performed. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression was used to assess the association of regional volumes and susceptibilities with the UWDRS score. Results Twenty-nine participants with WD (mean age, 47 years ± 9 [standard deviation]; 15 women) and 26 controls (mean age, 45 years ± 12; 14 women) were evaluated. Whole-brain analysis demonstrated atrophy of the deep gray matter nuclei, brainstem, internal capsule, motor cortex and corticospinal pathway, and visual cortex and optic radiation in participants with WD (P < .05 at voxel level, corrected for family-wise error). The UWDRS score was negatively correlated with volumes of putamen (r = -0.63, P < .001), red nucleus (r = -0.58, P = .001), globus pallidus (r = -0.53, P = .003), and substantia nigra (r = -0.50, P = .006) but not with susceptibilities. Only the putaminal volume was identified as a stable factor associated with the UWDRS score (R2 = 0.38, P < .001) using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Conclusion Individuals with Wilson disease (WD) had widespread brain atrophy most pronounced in the central structures. The putaminal volume was associated with the Unified WD Rating Scale score and can be used as a surrogate imaging marker of clinical severity. © RSNA, 2021 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Du and Bydder in this issue.

• MeSH
• atrofie MeSH
• hepatolentikulární degenerace diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration is an autosomal-recessive disorder caused by C19orf12 mutations and characterized by iron deposits in the basal ganglia. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to quantify iron concentrations in deep gray matter structures using quantitative susceptibility mapping MRI and to characterize metabolic abnormalities in the pyramidal pathway using 1 H MR spectroscopy in clinically manifesting membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration patients and asymptomatic C19orf12 gene mutation heterozygous carriers. METHODS: We present data of 4 clinically affected membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration patients (mean age: 21.0 ± 2.9 years) and 9 heterozygous gene mutation carriers (mean age: 50.4 ± 9.8 years), compared to age-matched healthy controls. MRI assessments were performed on a 7.0 Tesla whole-body system, consisting of whole-brain gradient-echo scans and short echo time, single-volume MR spectroscopy in the white matter of the precentral/postcentral gyrus. Quantitative susceptibility mapping, a surrogate marker for iron concentration, was performed using a state-of-the-art multiscale dipole inversion approach with focus on the globus pallidus, thalamus, putamen, caudate nucleus, and SN. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration patients, magnetic susceptibilities were 2 to 3 times higher in the globus pallidus (P = 0.02) and SN (P = 0.02) compared to controls. In addition, significantly higher magnetic susceptibility was observed in the caudate nucleus (P = 0.02). Non-manifesting heterozygous mutation carriers exhibited significantly increased magnetic susceptibility (relative to controls) in the putamen (P = 0.003) and caudate nucleus (P = 0.001), which may be an endophenotypic marker of genetic heterozygosity. MR spectroscopy revealed significantly increased levels of glutamate, taurine, and the combined concentration of glutamate and glutamine in membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration, which may be a correlate of corticospinal pathway dysfunction frequently observed in membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration patients. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   MeSH
• membránové proteiny genetika   MeSH
• mitochondriální membrány metabolismus   MeSH
• mitochondriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Oxidative stress has been implied in cellular injury even in the early phases of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we quantified levels of biomarkers of oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in newly diagnosed MS patients and their associations with brain atrophy and iron deposits in the brain tissue. Consecutive treatment-naive adult MS patients (n = 103) underwent brain MRI and CSF sampling. Healthy controls (HC, n = 99) had brain MRI. CSF controls (n = 45) consisted of patients with non-neuroinflammatory conditions. 3T MR included isotropic T1 weighted (MPRAGE) and gradient echo (GRE) images that were processed to quantitative susceptibility maps. The volume and magnetic susceptibility of deep gray matter (DGM) structures were calculated. The levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-iso prostaglandin F2α (8-isoPG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2), and malondialdehyde and hydroxyalkenals (MDA + HAE) were measured in CSF. Compared to controls, MS patients had lower volumes of thalamus, pulvinar, and putamen, higher susceptibility in caudate nucleus and globus pallidus, and higher levels of 8-OHdG, PRDX2, and MDA + HAE. In MS patients, the level of NGAL correlated negatively with volume and susceptibility in the dentate nucleus. The level of 8-OHdG correlated negatively with susceptibility in the caudate, putamen, and the red nucleus. The level of PRDX2 correlated negatively with the volume of the thalamus and both with volume and susceptibility of the dentate nucleus. From MRI parameters with significant differences between MS and HC groups, only caudate susceptibility and thalamic volume were significantly associated with CSF parameters. Our study shows that increased oxidative stress in CSF detected in newly diagnosed MS patients suggests its role in the pathogenesis of MS.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• nádory radioterapie   MeSH
• nukleární lékařství metody   MeSH
• radioterapie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
• onkologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie