deep infiltrating endometriosis
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Autoři prezentují své zkušenosti s chirurgickou léčbou hluboké infiltrující endometriózy. Byly hodnoceny typy použitých technik, jejich indikační kritéria a pooperační komplikace.
Authors present their experience with surgical treatment of deep infiltrating endometriosis. We evaluated used techniques, indication criteria and postoperative results.
- MeSH
- antagonisté estrogenu terapeutické užití MeSH
- diagnostické techniky urologické MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody MeSH
- endometrióza * diagnóza klasifikace terapie MeSH
- farmakoterapie MeSH
- hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny agonisté terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci močového měchýře diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- nemoci močovodu diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- pánevní bolest * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- urologické chirurgické výkony klasifikace metody MeSH
- urologické symptomy MeSH
- ženská infertilita * diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Cíl studie: Shrnutí současných poznatků a trendů v oblasti diagnostiky hluboké endometriózy. Typ studie: Literární přehled. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Centrum pro komplexní léčbu endometriózy a Onkogynekologické centrum, Gynekologicko-porodnická klinika, 1. lékařská fakulta, Univerzita Karlova a Všeobecná fakultní nemocnice Praha, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Burton Hospitals NHS, UK. Metodika: Systematický přehledový článek. Výsledky: Ložiska hluboké endometriózy (DE) v pánvi se dělí na postižení předního a zadního kompartmentu. V předním kompartmentu DE postihuje močový měchýř a močovody, v zadním kompartmentu nejčastěji sakrouterinní vazy, rektum, rektosigmoideum, sigmoideum a vzácně rektovaginální septum a zadní poševní klenbu. Extrapelvická endometrióza je vzácná a typicky se nachází v orálním úseku střeva (jejunum/ileum/apendix), v břišní stěně včetně pupku, v jizvách po spontánním porodu anebo po císařském řezu, v plicích a na bránici. Závěr: Ultrazvuková diagnostika pánevní DE má vysokou přesnost v rukou zkušeného sonografisty. Extrapelvická endometrióza je sporadické onemocnění a zobrazovací metody první volby záleží na lokalizaci, například využití magnetické rezonance u retroperitoneálního postižení (například nervus ischiadicus), počítačové tomografie nebo endoskopie při postižení hrudníku.
Objective: To summarise the current knowledge and trends in the diagnosis of deep endometriosis. Design: Review article. Setting: Centre for diagnostics and treatment of endometriosis and Gynecologic Oncology Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Burton Hospitals NHS, United Kingdom. Methods: Literature review. Results: Deep endometriosis (DE) in the pelvis is divided into lesions in the anterior and posterior compartment. In the anterior compartment DE infiltrates bladder and ureters, while in the posterior compartment it is mostly uterosacral ligaments, rectum, rectosigmoid and sigmoid colon and rarely rectovaginal septum and posterior fornix. Extrapelvic endometriosis is a rare disease typically located in the proximal bowel segments (jejunum/ileum/appendix), abdominal wall including umbilicus, scars after spontaneus delivery and/or after cesarian section, lungs and diaphragm. Conclusion: Ultrasound diagnosis of pelvic DE has a high accuracy in the hands of an experienced sonographer. Extrapelvic endometriosis is sporadic and imaging of choice depends on the location, such as use of magnetic resonance in retroperitoneal disease (sciatic nerve), computed tomography or endoscopy in thoracic lesions.
Endometrióza znamená přítomnost tkáně endometria mimo dutinu děložní. Hlubokou infiltrující endometriózu (deep infiltrating endometriosis – DIE) představují rektovaginální léze, infiltrující onemocnění střev, močového měchýře, močovodu a DIE se vzácně objevuje i v dalších lokalizacích. Negynekologické komplikace DIE rozdělujeme do dvou hlavních kategorií: samotné onemocnění zahrnuje pánevní a břišní bolest, střevní striktury, opakující se krvácení z konečníku, dyschezii, chronickou anémii, dysurii, hematurii, stenózu ureterů, ztrátu ledvinných funkcí a komplikace léčby, ty jsou charakterizovány vznikem fistul, dysfunkcí močového měchýře a opakujícími se záněty urinárního traktu. DIE přináší riziko pro vznik malignit zasažených orgánů. DIE může být léčena konzervativně, nebo chirurgicky. Předkládaná práce je přehledem gastrointestinálních a urologických komplikací DIE a předkládá také kazuistiku pacientky centra pro léčbu endometriózy v nemocnici ve Znojmě (ČR).
Endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the endometrial cavity. Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) includes rectovaginal lesions as well as infiltrative disease to the bowel, urinary bladder, ureter and other rare locations. Non gynecological complications of DIE can be divided into two major categories: complications of the disease itself which include pelvic and abdominal pain, bowel stricture, cyclic rectal bleeding, dyschezia, chronic anemia, dysuria, hematuria, ureteral stenosis as well as loss of kidney function and complications of the treatment which include fistula formation, bladder void dysfunction and recurrent urinary tract infections. DIE has potential for malignant transformation in the affected organ. DIE may be managed conservatively or surgically. However definitive treatment is surgical. In the current work, literature review of gastrointestinal and urological complications of DIE is presented together with an exemplary case report of a patient managed at the clinical center for treatment of endometriosis in Znojmo Czech republic.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endometrióza * diagnóza komplikace patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- gastrointestinální nemoci etiologie MeSH
- laparoskopie využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- urologické nemoci etiologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Hlboká infiltrujúca endometrióza (DIE) je chronické progresívne estrogén dependentné ochorenie, ktoré môže postihovať aj štruktúry gastrointestinálneho traktu. Ochorenie je zvyčajne dlhodobo asymptomatické, respektíve sa prejavuje veľmi nešpecifickými príznakmi. Jeho neskorý záchyt môže viesť k ireverzibilným zmenám na jednotlivých štruktúrach. Táto kazuistika popisuje raritný prípad rozsiahlej hlbokej infiltrujúcej endometriózy zadného kompartmentu malej panvy, ktorá vyústila do stavu obštrukčného ilea. Sústreďuje sa na zásadnú úlohu „virtuálnej kolonoskopie“ pomocou trojdimenzionálnej transvaginálnej sonografie (3D-TVUS) pri hodnotení rozsahu ochorenia.
Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is a chronic progressive estrogen-dependent disease that can also affect structures of the gastrointestinal tract. The disease is usually asymptomatic in long-term, respectively, is manifested with very nonspecific symptoms. Its late detection can lead to irreversible changes in the individual structures. This case report describes a rare case of extensive deep infiltrating endometriosis of posterior pelvic compartment, which resulted into the state of obstructive ileus. It focuses on the essential role of „virtual colonoscopy“ using three-dimensional transvaginal sonography (3D-TVUS) in evaluating the extent of the disease.
- MeSH
- bolesti břicha MeSH
- colon sigmoideum chirurgie ultrasonografie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endometrióza * chirurgie ultrasonografie MeSH
- endosonografie * metody MeSH
- ileus * etiologie chirurgie ultrasonografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci rekta chirurgie ultrasonografie MeSH
- nemoci sigmoidea chirurgie ultrasonografie MeSH
- předoperační péče MeSH
- rektum chirurgie ultrasonografie MeSH
- vagina MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
AIM: Endometriosis is an inflammatory condition that shares a number of similarities with malignant diseases, such as an abnormal morphology, migration along the nerve bundles and metastatic spread to lymph nodes and distant organs. Endometriotic lesions are associated with oestrogen and progesterone imbalance which seems to play a key role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The aim of this study was to compare the status of both oestrogen and progesterone receptors in tissue of deep infiltrating endometriosis, lymph node endometriosis and atypical ovarian endometriosis using immunohistochemical methods, as well as to investigate the relationship between endometriosis and protein p53. METHODS: A total of 40 cases with deep infiltrating endometriosis were included in our study. Based on histopathological analysis of resected specimens, the cases were divided into 2 groups: group 1 - lymph node endometriosis (cases with lymph node involvement; n=12) and group 2 - deep infiltrating endometriosis (cases without lymph node involvement; n=28). As a control group, eutopic endometrium of adenomyosis- and endometriosis-free women were used (n=16). Five cases of atypical ovarian endometriosis as well as descriptions of the nerve involvement in endometriosis were also included. Immunohistochemical staining with a total of 4 markers was performed - oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER, PR), p53 and Ki-67 (proliferation index). RESULTS: The immunophenotype of the cases in groups 1 and 2 and in the control group was virtually identical in the proliferative phase - strong nuclear ER and PR expression in more than 90% of endometrial glandular and stromal cells. In the early and mid secretory phase, ER expression only slightly decreased (80%) in endometrial glandular cells in group 2 and the control group, whereas in the late secretory phase, significant decrease of ER expression only in the control group was observed (15-50%; P<0.001). In group 2 and the control group, significant decrease of PR expression only in endometrial glandular cells was observed in the mid and late secretory phase (less than 15%; P<0.001). Differences in receptor content were found only in isolated cases in group 2. In group 1, no secretory changes were found. In all three groups, sporadic and weak nuclear p53 expression in less than 3% in both endometrial glandular and stromal cells was detected (regardless of the phase of the menstrual cycle). In atypical ovarian endometriosis, higher and strong p53 expression (on average 26%) and decrease in ER (on average 56%) and PR (less than 1%) expression was observed; compared to the control group and groups 1 and 2, the differences for all 3 markers were highly significant (P<0.001). In all groups, the proliferation index (Ki-67) reached the highest values in the proliferation phase and decreased during the cycle. However, in endometriotic tissue, it was widely variable in the individual phases of the cycle. Perineural spread of endometriosis with significant neural hypertrophy, hyperplasia and involvement of the ganglia of the autonomic nervous system was detected in 5 cases (12.5%). Conlusion. From a histological and immunohistochemical point of view, deep infiltrating endometriosis and lymph node endometriosis appear to represent the same entity. For the first time, a simple immunohistochemical panel with antibodies against ER, PR and p53 useful in diagnosing atypical endometriosis has been described. The marked endometriosis-associated neural changes (endometriotic neuropathy) could be one of the causes of impaired function of the affected organs after debulking surgery with macroscopic negative resection margins as well as pain symptomatology in macroscopic inapparent endometriotic lesions.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endometrióza patologie MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatické nemoci patologie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 analýza MeSH
- nemoci nervového systému patologie MeSH
- nemoci ovaria patologie MeSH
- receptory pro estrogeny analýza MeSH
- receptory progesteronu analýza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the use of a single-stapler technique during rectosigmoid resection in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). DESIGN: A step-by-step video demonstration of rectosigmoid resection and end-to-end anastomosis using two circularly placed sutures and one circular stapler. SETTING: Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Czech Republic. PATIENT(S): A 39-year-old woman presented with primary sterility and deep infiltrating endometriosis, and an EZIAN score of A2,B2,C3. A nodule was located 9 cm from the anus and was 38 × 9 mm in size. This included an intramural fibroma of 6 cm and a left-sided ovarian endometriotic cyst of 6 cm. Her pain on the visual analogue scale were dysmenorea 6, dyspareunia 5-6, dyschezie 7, dysuria 0, and acyclic pain 5. INTERVENTIONS: The primary objective was to replace the linear-stapler resection with two simple, strictly circularly placed sutures, to cut the intestinal wall between them, and to form the end-to-end anastomosis with a circular stapler. The one-stapler technique consisted of the following steps: intestinal wall cleansing as in the limited segmental resection; placement of one strictly circular suture just below the DIE nodule, without fixation; placement of the first circular suture just below the DIE nodule, ideally with at least three full-thickness "bites" of the intestinal wall; placement of the second circular stitch approximately 2 cm below the first one in a similar manner (three full-thickness "bites"); interruption of the intestinal wall with a harmonic scalpel; end-to-end intestinal anastomosis with a circular stapler; and airtightness test of the anastomosis. This results in only one incision line and therefore a lower risk of leakage. Intestinal resection time was on average 10 minutes longer compared to that for the linear stapler technique. So far, we have successfully performed the procedure in 25 women. Perioperative leakage was observed in two of these 25 patients in the classical procedure group and in none of the 25 patients in the group with the one-stapler technique. There were no differences in C-reactive protein (CRP) on third and fifth postoperative days or in other complications such as bleeding and pyrexia). The cost of procedure is lowered by the decrease in the number of staplers from 3 to 1. The patients' postoperative follow-up was uneventful, and they were discharged from the hospital at the same time as the women in whom the classical stapler technique was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES(S): The primary outcome was the development of a new surgical approach to resection rectosigmoid endometriotic nodules that would decrease the number of incision lines on the intestine. The secondary outcome measures were peri- and postoperative complications (i.e., bleeding, intestinal leakage, postoperative infection, CRP), length of the surgery and hospitalization, and cost of the procedure. CONCLUSION: Multiple incision lines following resection of the rectosigmoid colon and end-to-end anastomosis are risk factors for postoperative intestinal leakage. Therefore, a single incision line formed with two circular sutures, and one circular stapler may reduce the risk of postoperative complications and also financial expenses of the procedure. We believe that this method is suitable and easiest for nodules located less than 6 cm from the anal verge because of possible complications with angulation of linear stapler.
- MeSH
- colon sigmoideum diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endometrióza diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- laparoskopie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rektum diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- šicí techniky * MeSH
- sutura * MeSH
- video-asistovaná chirurgie metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- audiovizuální média MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH