diffuse midline glioma Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Histone 3 lysine27-to-methionine (H3-K27M) mutations most frequently occur in diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) of the childhood pons but are also increasingly recognized in adults. Their potential heterogeneity at different ages and midline locations is vastly understudied. Here, through dissecting the single-cell transcriptomic, epigenomic and spatial architectures of a comprehensive cohort of patient H3-K27M DMGs, we delineate how age and anatomical location shape glioma cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic features in light of the shared driver mutation. We show that stem-like oligodendroglial precursor-like cells, present across all clinico-anatomical groups, display varying levels of maturation dependent on location. We reveal a previously underappreciated relationship between mesenchymal cancer cell states and age, linked to age-dependent differences in the immune microenvironment. Further, we resolve the spatial organization of H3-K27M DMG cell populations and identify a mitotic oligodendroglial-lineage niche. Collectively, our study provides a powerful framework for rational modeling and therapeutic interventions.
Background: The use of liquid biopsy is of potential high importance for children with high grade (HGG) and diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), particularly where surgical procedures are limited, and invasive biopsy sampling not without risk. To date, however, the evidence that detection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) could provide useful information for these patients has been limited, or contradictory. Methods: We optimized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays for the detection of common somatic mutations observed in pediatric HGG/DMG, and applied them to liquid biopsies from plasma, serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cystic fluid collected from 32 patients. Results: Although detectable in all biomaterial types, ctDNA presented at significantly higher levels in CSF compared to plasma and/or serum. When applied to a cohort of 127 plasma specimens from 41 patients collected from 2011 to 2018 as part of a randomized clinical trial in pediatric non-brainstem HGG/DMG, ctDNA profiling by ddPCR was of limited use due to the small volumes (mean = 0.49 mL) available. In anecdotal cases where sufficient material was available, cfDNA concentration correlated with disease progression in two examples each of poor response in H3F3A_K27M-mutant DMG, and longer survival times in hemispheric BRAF_V600E-mutant cases. Conclusion: Tumor-specific DNA alterations are more readily detected in CSF than plasma. Although we demonstrate the potential of the approach to assessing tumor burden, our results highlight the necessity for adequate sample collection and approach to improve detection if plasma samples are to be used.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The role of surgery in the management of pediatric non-pilocytic infiltrative thalamic gliomas needs to be revisited specifically with regard to molecularly defined subtypes. METHODS: A retrospective review of a consecutive series of children operated on a thalamic tumor between 1992 and May 2018 was performed. Neuroimaging data were reviewed for localization and extent of resection; pathology was re-reviewed according to the current WHO classification, including assessment of histone H3 K27 mutational status. RESULTS: Forty-nine patients with a thalamic tumor aged < 18 years at diagnosis were identified. Twenty-five patients (51%) had a non-pilocytic infiltrative glioma, of which the H3 K27M status was available in 22. Fourteen patients were diagnosed as diffuse midline glioma (DMG) H3 K27M mutant. There was no statistically significant difference in survival between patients harboring the H3 K27M mutation and wildtype. Resection ("any resection > 50%" vs "biopsy") and histological tumor grade ("°II" vs "°III+°IV") were statistically significant predictors of survival (univariate: p = 0.044 and p = 0.013, respectively). These results remained significant on multivariate analysis (HR 0.371/p = 0.048, HR 9.433/p = 0.035). CONCLUSION: We advocate to still consider an attempt at maximal safe resection in the multidisciplinary treatment of unilateral thalamic non-pilocytic gliomas irrespective of their H3 K27-mutational status.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- gliom * genetika chirurgie MeSH
- histony genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádory mozku * genetika chirurgie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- thalamus * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) bearing driver mutations of histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27M) are incurable brain tumors with unique epigenomes. Here, we generated a syngeneic H3K27M mouse model to study the amino acid metabolic dependencies of these tumors. H3K27M mutant cells were highly dependent on methionine. Interrogating the methionine cycle dependency through a short-interfering RNA screen identified the enzyme methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) as a critical vulnerability in these tumors. This vulnerability was not mediated through the canonical mechanism of MTAP deletion; instead, DMG cells have lower levels of MAT2A protein, which is mediated by negative feedback induced by the metabolite decarboxylated S-adenosyl methionine. Depletion of residual MAT2A induces global depletion of H3K36me3, a chromatin mark of transcriptional elongation perturbing oncogenic and developmental transcriptional programs. Moreover, methionine-restricted diets extended survival in multiple models of DMG in vivo. Collectively, our results suggest that MAT2A presents an exploitable therapeutic vulnerability in H3K27M gliomas.
- MeSH
- epigenom MeSH
- gliom * genetika MeSH
- histony genetika MeSH
- methionin genetika MeSH
- methioninadenosyltransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádory mozku * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Revidovaná WHO 2016 klasifikácia nádorov centrálneho nervového systému (CNS) historicky po prvý krát používa na klasifikáciu mnohých typov nádorov CNS okrem morfológie aj genetické informácie. Jednou z najhlavnejších zmien je reštrukturalizácia kapitoly difúznych gliómov. Na základe spoločných genetických mutácií sú difúzne astrocytómy a oligodendrogliómy klasifikované v rámci jednej skupiny nádorov, oddelene od „ostatných“ gliómov s ohraničeným spôsobom rastu, ktoré majú odlišnú patogenézu a prognózu. V rámci skupiny difúznych gliómov možno vyšetrením relatívne malého panelu markerov (mutácia ATRX a IDH1/2, del 1p/19q) tieto nádory objektívnejšie diagnostikovať a prognosticky stratifikovať. Ďalšou klinicky dôležitou novou jednotkou, ktorá je definovaná geneticky, sú difúzne „midline“ gliómy s mutáciou K27M v génoch histónu H3. Niektoré entity, varianty a rastové vzory difúznych gliómov boli zrušené a naopak, boli pridané dve varianty glioblastómu - epiteloidný glioblastóm a glioblastóm s primitívnou neurálnou zložkou. V článku sumarizujeme najdôležitejšie zmeny v klasifikácii difúznych gliómov a ilustrujeme praktický postup pri diagnostike tejto skupiny nádorov.
Revised WHO 2016 classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) incorporates for the first time genetic information in addition to morphology for classification of many tumor entities. One of the most important changes is restructuring the chapter of diffuse gliomas. Based on shared genetic driver mutations, diffusely infiltrating astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas are now classified together, separately from “other” glial tumors with a more circumscribed growth pattern, different pathogenesis and clinical outcome. Diffuse gliomas can now be more objectively diagnosed and further prognostically stratified by use of a relatively small number of markers (ATRX and IDH1/2 mutations and del 1p/19q). Another newly genetically-defined and clinically relevant entity is diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant. Some glioma entities, variants and growth patterns were deleted and new variants, such as epithelioid glioblastoma and glioblastoma with a primitive neural component were added. In the article, the most important changes of diffuse gliomas classification are summarized and a practical diagnostic approach is illustrated.
- Klíčová slova
- ATRX,
- MeSH
- astrocytom diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- glioblastom diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutace genetika MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému * klasifikace MeSH
- neuroepitelové nádory klasifikace MeSH
- oligodendrogliom diagnóza klasifikace MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Cíl: Cílem této práce bylo vyhodnocení bezpečnosti supracerebellárního transtentoriálního přístupu na našem souboru pacientů. Jedná se o technicky náročný přístup, který jsme využili při operacích zadní a střední mediotemporální oblasti, laterálního mezencefala a posteromediálního talamu. Soubor a metodika: Jedná se vyhodnocení souboru našich 8 pacientů operovaných supracerebellárním transtentoriálním přístupem v letech 2013–2021. V jednom případě se jednalo o anaplastický astrocytom, 3× o primooperaci glioblastoma multiforme, 1× difuzního středočárového H3K27M gliomu, 1× o operaci recidivy glioblastoma multiforme, 1× o operaci nízkostupňového gliomu a jednou jsme tímto přístupem operovali akutně prokrvácený kavernom lemniskálního trigona mesencefali. Všichni naši pacienti byli operováni v poloze v polosedě. Výsledky: 30denní mortalita v našem souboru je nulová. U pacientky s difuzním středočárovým H3K27M gliomem primárně operované v neurologicky těžkém stavu jsme museli provést časnou reoperaci stejným přístupem z důvodu prokrvácení rezidua tumoru. U našeho prvního pacienta s rozsáhlým mediotemporálním anaplastickým astrocytomem jsme museli po první době časně doplnit subokcipitální přístup ke zvýšení radikality resekce, po operaci měl horní kvadrantanopsii. U jednoho pacienta došlo k ischemii okcipitálního laloku z důvodu peroperačně pozorovatelné léze arteria cerebri posterior obklopené glioblastomem. Klinicky byla po operaci přítomna hemianopsie. Závěr: Jedná se o technicky náročný, přitom ale o bezpečný přístup. U lézí postihujících mediotemporální oblast je výhodný pro její střední a zadní část, ale při resekci lze dosáhnout anteriorně až k uncu a amygdale. Předpokládanou podmínkou je precizní znalost anatomie, na našem pracovišti pro tento přístup preferujeme polohu v polosedě. Důležitá je dostatečná likvorová dekomprese vypuštěním moku z cisterna magna ze separátní durální incize a šetrná manipulace s cévními strukturami tentoriální incisury.
Aim: The aim of this work was a retrospective evaluation of the safety of the supracerebellar transtentorial approach in our patient series. It represents a technically challenging approach, which we used during surgeries of the posterior and medial mediotemporal area, lateral mesencephalon and posteromedial thalamus. Materials and methods: We evaluate the series of our 8 patients, which we operated on using the supracerebellar transtentorial approach during 2013–2021. In one case, we dealt with anaplastic astrocytoma, 3× with glioblastoma multiforme primary surgery, 1× with diffuse midline H3K27M glioma, 1× with glioblastoma multiforme recurrence surgery, 1× with low-grade glioma surgery and once we operated using this approach an acutely bleeding cavernoma of the lemniscal trigone of the mesencephalon. All our patients were operated on in a semisitting position. Results: The thirty-day mortality rate of our series is zero. In case of a patient with diffuse midline H3K27M glioma which was primarily operated on in a bad neurological condition, we had to perform early revision surgery using the same approach due to residual tumor hemorrhage. In case of our first patient with extensive mediotemporal anaplastic astrocytoma, we had to add the suboccipital approach for resection radicality increase early after the first phase of surgery; after the surgery, he had superior quadrantanopsia. In one patient’s case, ischemia of the occipital lobe occurred due to an intraoperatively visible lesion of the posterior cerebral artery inside the glioblastoma. After surgery, hemianopsia was present. Conclusion: The approach poses a technically challenging, but concurrently safe surgical trajectory. In case of the lesions affecting the mediotemporal area, it is advantageous for its medial and posterior part, but during the resection it is possible to reach as far as the uncus and amygdala. The prerequisite condition is accurate anatomical knowledge; in our department, we prefer the semisitting position for this approach. It is important to have a sufficient cerebrospinal fluid decompression by releasing the fluid from the cisterna magna from a separate dural incision and a gentle manipulation of the vascular structures of the tentorial incisura.
- Klíčová slova
- supracerebellární transteritoriální přístup,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gliom chirurgie MeSH
- hipokampus chirurgie MeSH
- kraniotomie metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrochirurgie * metody MeSH
- nádory mozku * chirurgie MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- spánkový lalok chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Introduction: WHO classification and grading of tumours -- of the central nervous system 12 -- 1 Diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumours 15 -- Introduction 16 -- Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant 18 -- Gemistocytic astrocytoma, I DH-mutant 22 -- Diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-wildtype 23 -- Diffuse astrocytoma midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant 57 -- Oligodendroglioma, IDH-mutant and 1p/19q-codeleted 60 -- Oligodendroglioma -cell lymphoma 275 -- EBV+ diffuse large ?
World Health Organization classification of tumours
Revised 4th edition 408 stran : ilustrace ; 27 cm
- MeSH
- mezinárodní klasifikace nemocí MeSH
- nádory centrálního nervového systému genetika patologie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- onkologie
- neurologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- kolektivní monografie
- publikace WHO
Allergic Granulomatosis 179 -- Wegener\'s Granulomatosis 180 -- Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis 181 -- Midline Lipogranulomatosis (Farber\'s Disease) 392 -- Histiocytosis X 392 -- Xanthoma Disseminatum 396 -- Diffuse Tumor 674 -- Storiform Neurofibroma 670 Malignant Granular Cell Tumor 676 -- Neurilemmoma 671 Nasal Glioma
6th edit 848 s. : obr., přeruš.bibliogr.