• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

The study aimed to apply novel source classification tool for local scale air pollution assessment reducing the total number of organic compounds in the model. Samples of particulate matter (PM) were collected in the town of Napajedla (South-eastern Czech Republic) in 2016. The industrial sector of the town is represented by plastics processing and manufacturing, as well as by mechanical engineering. Analytical technique of pyrolysis chromatography with mass spectroscopy detection was employed to identify organic species in the PM10 fraction. Two datasets (465 determined organic compounds and 50 selected organic markers) were used and compared by multivariate analysis - principal component analysis followed with hierarchical clustering on principal components incorporating compositional data approach. Three resulting clusters were observed in both cases. The cluster representing measurements near plastic processing and manufacturing plants was identical in both the analysed datasets with the same organic compounds that characterized resulting cluster Consequently, leading markers for plastic processing and manufacturing sources were suggested (bumetrizole, bis(tridecyl)phthalate, mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate). Other two clusters varied among the analysed datasets, however, dataset with selected markers showed more reliable outcomes. The results imply that concept of using only selected organic marker species with the compositional approach in multivariate statistical methods is sufficient and allows properly distinguishing the main air pollution sources between sampling locations even at a small urban scale.

• MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch * MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• pevné částice MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Introduction: It is often questioned whether to perform replantation or revision amputation for amputation injuries in elderly patients and smokers. According to the current indication criteria, neither old age nor smoking in the absence of other risk factors are considered to be risk factors for replantation failure. However, many microsurgeons still may make the decision not to perform digital replantation based solely on these factors. Material and methods: In order to evaluate the influence of both factors, we provided univariate and multivariate analyses of patients who underwent replantation at our centre during a 10-year period. We divided patients in two groups according to age (< and ≥ 60 years) and smoking status. Results: In the univariate analysis, there were no differences in immediate results between the two age groups. In the multivariate analysis, no statistical difference was found in neither long-term nor short-term results between the two age groups and between smokers and non-smokers. Conclusion: Smoking and age should not be considered the only risk factors when deciding whether to perform digital replantation.

• MeSH
• amputace MeSH
• kouření * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• replantace MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Analýza dat, Analýza statistická, Regrese,

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika

The comprehensive approach for the lipidomic characterization of human breast cancer and surrounding normal tissues is based on hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC)-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) quantitation of polar lipid classes of total lipid extracts followed by multivariate data analysis using unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal partial least square (OPLS). This analytical methodology is applied for the detailed lipidomic characterization of ten patients with the goal to find the statistically relevant differences between tumor and normal tissues. This strategy is selected for better visualization of differences, because the breast cancer tissue is compared with the surrounding healthy tissue of the same patient, therefore changes in the lipidome are caused predominantly by the tumor growth. A large increase of total concentrations for several lipid classes is observed, including phosphatidylinositols, phosphatidylethanolamines, phosphatidylcholines, and lysophosphatidylcholines. Concentrations of individual lipid species inside the abovementioned classes are also changed, and in some cases, these differences are statistically significant. PCA and OPLS analyses enable a clear differentiation of tumor and normal tissues based on changes of their lipidome. A notable decrease of relative abundances of ether and vinylether (plasmalogen) lipid species is detected for phosphatidylethanolamines, but no difference is apparent for phosphatidylcholines.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny analýza   MeSH
• fosfatidylethanolaminy analýza   MeSH
• fosfatidylinositoly analýza   MeSH
• fosfolipidy analýza   chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací metody   MeSH
• hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy analýza   chemie   MeSH
• lysofosfatidylcholiny analýza   MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• nádory prsu metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• počítačové systémy MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• lékařská informatika

• MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The primary aim of the study was to identify characteristics predicting the blood loss associated with primary total hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasty surgery. The other objective was to find out which characteristics were important for peri-operative allogeneic blood transfusion in the same group of patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study comprised 210 consecutive patients who underwent primary THA (n = 115) or primary TKA (n = 95) at our department. In each patient, 21 pre-operative and peri-operative characteristics were recorded. Of them, the following characteristics were selected for statistical evaluation: age, gender, BMI, primary diagnosis, Charlson co-morbidity score, type of prophylaxis for deep-vein thrombosis, type of implant fixation (in THA), pre-operative INR value, haematocrit, haemoglobin (Hb) and platelet levels, amount of autologous blood donated by the patient, ASA score, operative time, use of tourniquet (in TKA), type of anaesthesia used, blood recuperation and patient's smoking habits. Multivariate analysis was used as the statistical method. For hypothesis testing, a statistical significance level of 0.05 was stated and, for enclosing (removing) characteristics to (from) multivariate models, the significance level was set at 0.11. RESULTS: The group included 81 men and 129 women; the mean age at the time of surgery was 65.5 ± 11.97 years (mean±SD) in the THA patients and 68.5 ± 8.52 years in the TKA patients. Primary osteoarthritis was the most frequent surgical diagnosis (THA, 64.35%; TKA, 82.1%). The mean amount of blood loss was 1258 ± 402.6 ml in THA and 1580 ± 475.5 ml in TKA. The mean amount of allogeneic blood required was 130 ± 202 ml when all THA patients were considered, and 371.95 ± 159.3 ml when only those who received it were involved. For the TKA patients, the corresponding values were 160.1 ± 278.8 ml for all patients and 507 ± 264.5 ml for blood recipients only. The characteristics that affected the amount of blood loss in THA included BMI, ASA score, blood recuperation, type of anaesthesia, and smoking habits; in TKA these were BMI, pre-operative platelet count, INR and type of anaesthesia. High pre-operative Hb levels made the probability of allogeneic blood requirement lower in both THA and TKA. Autotransfusion decreased the probability of allogeneic blood requirements only in THA. DISCUSSION That the pre-operative Hb level is the strongest predictor for the probability of allogeneic blood transfusion during both THA and TKA is a logical and well-known fact. What remains to be established is the optimal protocol for pre-operative preparation of the patients with low Hb levels undergoing elective replacement (hip and knee) surgery. This study clearly showed that, in THA patients, pre-operative autologous blood donation decreased the probability of allogeneic blood transfusion. Other results of our multivariate analyses were not clinically unambiguous and therefore further research on a larger patient group is warranted. Such studies will also require the development of a more exact method for the assessment of blood loss at the operating theatre. CONCLUSION: The patients with low pre-operative Hb levels have a high probability that they will require allogeneic blood transfusion during primary THA and TKA. Autologous blood donation can decrease this probability significantly (here proved only for THA patients). The multivariate model of blood loss published here could assist in estimation of peri-operative blood loss and potential risk of blood transfusion requirements.

• MeSH
• autologní krevní transfuze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• náhrada kyčelního kloubu * MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• totální endoprotéza kolene * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH

The dubious online market in phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors is growing on a global scale. Counterfeit medical products can represent health issues for the user and cause medical mistrust. Within this work, genuine Cialis containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) tadalafil, its generics available in the Czech Republic and the Cialis tablets from questionable online pharmacies were analysed. The methods of infra-red and Raman spectroscopy were used for the identification of the counterfeit tablets and for the verification of their API and excipients. All 9 tablets from online pharmacies were counterfeit with 2 of them even containing a different API (sildenafil, vardenafil). In addition, Raman mapping was used to determine the API and excipients' distribution and, in combination with multivariate data analysis, to separate similar tablets in clusters and to identify the outliers. Scanning electron microscopy of the samples revealed that the process of a wet granulation of micronized API was used during the formulation of the tablets. This comprehensive approach of analysis can be used for advanced exploration of the dubious samples of various medical products.

• MeSH
• důvěra * MeSH
• padělané léky * MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie MeSH
• tablety MeSH
• tadalafil MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• biometrie MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Statistika
• NLK Obory
• statistika, zdravotnická statistika
• management, organizace a řízení zdravotnictví