non-probabilistic methods
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- Klíčová slova
- limits of agreement, popisná statistika, testování shodnosti průměrů, rozdílový graf podle Blanda a Altmana, limity spolehlivosti,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Loa MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- statistické modely MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- validační studie jako téma * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Through software to extract and interpret morphometric and functionally indicators, imaging has a huge untapped potential to assist cancer research. Probabilistic imaging software can be transformative in providing minimally invasive, objective, and replicable evaluation of cancer treatment response in the era of non-cytotoxic treatment agents, multi-modality image-guided ablative therapies, and rapidly evolving computational resources. High- throughput analysis and fine-grained distinction of many molecular targets necessitate the use of post-processing methods. The software tools employed in these analyses must be stable and reliable over a wide range of information collected from various people, time periods, and institutions. To ensure the software’s validity, analysis methodologies must be clearly specified, analysis results must be documented, and explicit recommendations for their interpretation must be provided. However, there is a dearth of infrastructure to promote common data interchange and method sharing, as well as cancer research data in forms that facilitate quantitative analysis. As a result, we propose to create an interoperable imaging bioinformatics base for the development of software tools for quantifiable imaging protein biomarkers. This platform will allow for the archiving, organising, retrieval, and dissemination of data generated by new analytical tools, as well as the performance review of quantitative analytical techniques. The needs of active QIN research projects in quantifiable imaging biomarker discovery for prostate adenocarcinoma, brain and neck cancer, and glioblastoma multiforme will define its usefulness.
Background: Microarray technologies are used to measure the simultaneous expression of a certain set of thousands of genes based on ribonucleic acid (RNA) obtained from a biological sample. We are interested in several statistical analyses such as 1) finding differentially expressed genes between or among several experimental groups, 2) finding a small number of genes allowing for the correct classification of a sample in a certain group, and 3) finding relations among genes. Objectives: Gene expression data are high dimensional, and this fact complicates their analysis because we are able to perform only a few samples (e.g. the peripheral blood from a limited number of patients) for a certain set of thousands of genes. The main purpose of this paper is to present the shrinkage estimator and show its application in different statistical analyses. Methods: The shrinkage approach relates to the shift of a certain value of a classic estimator towards a certain value of a specified target estimator. More precisely, the shrinkage estimator is the weighted average of the classic estimator and the target estimator. Results: The benefit of the shrinkage estimator is that it improves the mean squared error (MSE) as compared to a classic estimator. The MSE combines the measure of an estimator’s bias away from its true unknown value and the measure of the estimator’s variability. The shrinkage estimator is a biased estimator but has a lower variability. Conclusions: The shrinkage estimator can be considered as a promising estimator for analyzing high dimensional gene expression data.
- MeSH
- exprese genu * genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikročipová analýza * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- RNA * genetika MeSH
- statistické modely MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
... STATISTICAL METHODS IN EXPOSURE -- ASSESSMENT 53 -- 4.1 Introduction 53 -- 4.2 Descriptive statistics ... ... HUMAN TIME-USE PATTERNS AND EXPOSURE -- ASSESSMENT . 89 -- 5.1 Introduction 89 -- 5.2 Methods 96 -- 5.2.1 ... ... Intensity of contact 97 -- 5.2.2 Surrogates of time-activity patterns 98 -- 5.2.3 Data collection methods ... ... 185 -- 8.2.2.2 Vacuum methods 188 -- 8.2.2.3 Sedimentation methods 190 -- 8.3 Sampling design considerations ... ... of analysis for bacteria 223 -- 9.5.3.1 Total count of viable and non-viable bacteria 223 -- 9.5.3.2 ...
Environmental health criteria, ISSN 0250-863X no. 214
xxx, 375 s. : il., tab. ; 24 cm
OBJECTIVES: This contribution provides insights into the methodology of a pan-European population-based online survey, performed without external funding during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present the impact of different dissemination strategies to collect data from a non-probabilistic convenience sample and outline post-stratification weighting schemes, to provide guidance for future multi-country survey studies. METHODS: Description and comparison of dissemination strategies for five exemplary countries (Czechia, Germany, Lithuania, Norway, Spain) participating in the Alcohol Use and COVID-19 Survey. Comparison of the sample distribution with the country's actual population distribution according to sociodemographics, and development of weighting schemes. RESULTS: The dissemination of online surveys through national newspapers, paid social media adverts and dissemination with the support of national health ministries turned out to be the most effective strategies. Monitoring the responses and adapting dissemination strategies to reach under-represented groups, and the application of sample weights were helpful to achieve an analytic sample matching the respective general population profiles. CONCLUSION: Reaching a large pan-European convenience sample, including most European countries, in a short time was feasible, with the support of a broad scientific network.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pití alkoholu epidemiologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Litva MeSH
- Německo MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
- Španělsko MeSH
In recent years, most countries around the world have struggled with the consequences of budget cuts in health expenditure, obliging them to utilize their resources efficiently. In this context, performance evaluation facilitates the decision-making process in improving the efficiency of the healthcare system. However, the performance evaluation of many sectors, including the healthcare systems, is, on the one hand, a challenging issue and on the other hand a useful tool for decision- making with the aim of optimizing the use of resources. This study proposes a new methodology comprising two well-known analytical approaches: (i) data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the efficiencies and (ii) data science to complement the DEA model in providing insightful recommendations for strategic decision making on productivity enhancement. The suggested method is a first attempt to combine two DEA extensions: flexible measure and cross-efficiency. We develop a pair of benevolent and aggressive scenarios aiming at evaluating cross-efficiency in the presence of flexible measures. Next, we perform data mining cluster analysis to create groups of homogeneous countries. Organizing the data in similar groups facilitates identifying a set of benchmarks that perform similarly in terms of operating conditions. Comparing the benchmark set with poorly performing countries we can obtain attainable goals for performance enhancement which will assist policymakers to strategically act upon it. A case study of healthcare systems in 120 countries is taken as an example to illustrate the potential application of our new method.
Aim: To analyze the influence of sociodemographic, obstetric, childbirth, and breastfeeding variables on maternal self-efficacy in newborn care. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted in three hospital units in the Northern region of Portugal, with a non-probabilistic sample composed of 340 women recruited at postnatal wards on the day of hospital discharge. A questionnaire including the mother's sociodemographic, obstetric, childbirth, and breastfeeding data was used. For the analysis of maternal self-efficacy in newborn care, the Scale of Perceived Parental Self-Efficacy in Child Care was used. The scale is a 20-item self-report instrument developed to identify women with low levels of self-efficacy in newborn care. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: Significant differences concerning maternal self-efficacy in newborn care were found with regard to level of education and parity, with multiparous women and women with lower levels of education presenting higher levels of self-efficacy in newborn care. Conclusion: The analysis of these variables could be valuable in building new knowledge to support the development of an action model that would allow at-risk women to be highly confident in their parenting role.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- matky * psychologie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- postnatální péče * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- sebeuplatnění MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zpráva o sobě MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Portugalsko MeSH
Závěrečná zpráva o řešení grantu Interní grantové agentury MZ ČR
Přeruš. str. : tab., grafy ; 32 cm
Navrhovat statistické postupy vhodné k odhadu parametrů cirkulačního transportu ve farmakokinetice Odvodit postup pro identifikaci absorbční rychlosti v případě, že nelze měřit závislost koncentrace na čase; To propose statistical methods suitable for estimation of parameters in circulatory transport in pharmacokinetics. To derive a method for identification of absorption rate in case of unavailable concentration-time curve.
- MeSH
- farmakokinetika MeSH
- flurothyl MeSH
- statistické modely MeSH
- stochastické procesy MeSH
- záchvaty MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- farmacie a farmakologie
- statistika, zdravotnická statistika
- NLK Publikační typ
- závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR
BACKGROUND: The current situation in the treatment of chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) presents a new challenge for attempts to measure the therapeutic results, as the CML patients can experience multiple leukaemia-free periods during the course of their treatment. Traditional measures of treatment efficacy such as leukaemia-free survival and cumulative incidence are unable to cope with multiple events in time, e.g. disease remissions or progressions, and as such are inappropriate for the efficacy assessment of the recent CML treatment. METHODS: Standard nonparametric statistical methods are used for estimating two principal characteristics of the current CML treatment: the probability of being alive and leukaemia-free in time after CML therapy initiation, denoted as the current cumulative incidence of leukaemia-free patients; and the probability that a patient is alive and in any leukaemia-free period in time after achieving the first leukaemia-free period on the CML treatment, denoted as the current leukaemia-free survival. The validity of the proposed methods is further documented in the data of the Czech CML patients consecutively recorded between July 2003 and July 2009 as well as in simulated data. RESULTS: The results have shown a difference between the estimates of the current cumulative incidence function and the common cumulative incidence of leukaemia-free patients, as well as between the estimates of the current leukaemia-free survival and the common leukaemia-free survival. Regarding the currently available follow-up period, both differences have reached the maximum (12.8% and 20.8%, respectively) at 3 years after the start of follow-up, i.e. after the CML therapy initiation in the former case and after the first achievement of the disease remission in the latter. CONCLUSIONS: Two quantities for the evaluation of the efficacy of current CML therapy that may be estimated with standard nonparametric methods have been proposed in this paper. Both quantities reliably illustrate a patient's disease status in time because they account for the proportion of patients in the second and subsequent disease remissions. Moreover, the model is also applicable in the future, regardless of what the progress in the CML treatment will be and how many treatment options will be available, respectively.
- MeSH
- chronická myeloidní leukemie farmakoterapie epidemiologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neparametrická statistika MeSH
- piperaziny terapeutické užití MeSH
- počítačová simulace MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- přežití bez známek nemoci MeSH
- protinádorové látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- pyrimidiny terapeutické užití MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- statistické modely MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
