The study objective was to investigate total phenolic content using Folin-Ciocalteu's method, to assess nine phenols by HPLC, to determine antioxidant capacity of the water soluble compounds (ACW) by a photochemiluminescence method, and to calculate the correlation coefficients in commercial algal food products from brown (Laminaria japonica, Eisenia bicyclis, Hizikia fusiformis, Undaria pinnatifida) and red (Porphyra tenera, Palmaria palmata) seaweed, green freshwater algae (Chlorella pyrenoidosa), and cyanobacteria (Spirulina platensis). HPLC analysis showed that the most abundant phenolic compound was epicatechin. From spectrophotometry and ACW determination it was evident that brown seaweed Eisenia bicyclis was the sample with the highest phenolic and ACW values (193 mg·g-1 GAE; 7.53 µmol AA·g-1, respectively). A linear relationship existed between ACW and phenolic contents (r = 0.99). Some algal products seem to be promising functional foods rich in polyphenols.
Medicinal Ganoderma mushrooms have long tradition in Asia, and recently they began to be consumed in Europe as well. Among hundreds of Ganoderma species, only a few of them are intensively investigated, i.e., G. lucidum and G. applanatum, whereas the chemistry and bioactivities of the other species, especially of European origin, still remain unknown. This study comprises detailed chemical analysis of two Ganoderma species growing wild in Turkey, G. pfeifferi and G. carnosum. Metal composition of both species shows high concentrations of biogenic metals. Phenolic composition of the isolated extracts of G. carnosum and G. pfeifferi shows that these species are rich in simple phenolic acids, such as 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid, but also in flavonoids. These compounds are found to be carriers of the antioxidant activity but also enzyme inhibition activity of the analyzed extracts. Overall results indicate that these two Ganoderma species have strong potential to be used for medicinal purposes.
- MeSH
- Antioxidants pharmacology MeSH
- Phenols chemistry MeSH
- Flavonoids chemistry MeSH
- Ganoderma chemistry classification MeSH
- Enzyme Inhibitors pharmacology MeSH
- Metals chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Turkey MeSH
The inflorescence of common elder (Sambucus nigra L., Adoxaceae) is known to be rich in phenolic compounds. The content of five selected phenolic compounds (rutin, chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O- rutinoside and dicaffeoylquinic acid) was determined in methanolic extracts from flowers and floral stems by HPLC in samples obtained from 20 varieties of S. nigra cultivated in Czech Republic. In all samples, there were determined rutin (11-54 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (23-46 mg/g), isoquercitrin (0.6-18 mg/g), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (3-10 mg/g), calculated on air-dried material. The content of dicaffeoylquinic acid was 0-13 mg/g of air-dried material. The amount of the analysed compounds in floral stems was lower than the flowers. The results are a unique set of information on the content of main phenolics in the inflorescence of cultured elderberry varieties.
- MeSH
- Sambucus nigra chemistry MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Phenols pharmacology MeSH
- Flowers chemistry MeSH
- Fruit chemistry MeSH
- Plant Extracts pharmacology MeSH
- Plant Stems chemistry MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Publication type
- Meeting Abstract MeSH
Rastliny čeľade Lamiaceae obsahujú účinné látky prevažne v listoch. V podčeľadi Nepetoideae, kam patrí rod Mentha L., ide hlavne o silicu a fenolové látky s antioxidačnou aktivitou, najmä hydroxyškoricové kyseliny s prevahou kyseliny rozmarínovej a flavonoidy. Medicínsky a priemyselne využívané sú najmä mäty M. × piperita a M. spicata, druh M. x villosa je u nás menej známy. Listové drogy sa spravidla hodnotia ako celok, ojedinele sa hodnotia jednotlivé listové inzercie. V tejto práci sa sledoval liekopisnými metódami v jednotlivých listových pároch Mentha × villosa Huds. cv. Snežná celkový obsah hydroxyškoricových derivátov (THD) vyjadrených ako kyselina rozmarínová a flavonoidov luteolínového typu, ktoré sa v tejto rastline vyskytujú v najväčšom množstve. Obsah THD vo vodných extraktoch listových párov kolísal v rozmedzí 6,7–9,4 %, v metanolových extraktoch 6,6–14,0 %. Flavonoidy stanovené ako luteolín-7-O-glukozid sa nachádzali vo vodných extraktoch v množstve 4,0–8,8 %, v metanolových extraktoch v množstve 4,0–10,5 %. Antioxidačná aktivita (DPPH) stanovená ako SC50 kolísala vo vodných extraktoch listových párov v rozmedzí 10,2–16,9 μg.ml–1 (suchej hmotnosti drogy), v metanolových extraktoch v rozmedzí 10,7 až 21,6 μg.ml–1. Najvyšší obsah fenolových látok a najvyššia antioxidačná aktivita bola v extraktoch z vrcholových listov, najnižší obsah fenolových látok a najnižšia antioxidačná aktivita sa zaznamenala v extraktoch listov zo strednej časti stonky.
Lamiaceae plants mostly accumulate active ingredients in their leaves. The subfamily Nepetoideae, including the genus Mentha L., is characterized by the presence of essential oil and antioxidant phenolics, chiefly hydroxycinnamic acids with predominance of rosmarinic acid, and flavonoids. Mentha × piperita and M. spicata are the most broadly used mints in both medicine and industry, while M. x villosa is less known in our country. Herbal drugs in the form of leaves are usually analysed unpartitioned, while single leaves insertions have only been studied occasionally. Therefore, the aim of this work was the quantification of the active compounds content in the leaves pairs of Mentha × villosa Huds. cv. Snežná, using pharmacopoeial methods: total hydroxycinnamic derivatives expressed as rosmarinic acid (THD) and luteolin-type flavonoids. THD content ranged from 6.7% to 9.4% in the leaves pairs’ water extracts, and from 6.6% to 14.0% in methanol extracts. Flavonoids contents, expressed as luteolin-7-O-glucoside, ranged from 4.0% to 8.8% in water extracts, and from 4.0% to 10.5% in methanol extracts. Antioxidant activity (DPPH) expressed as SC50 ranged from 10.2 to 16.9 μg.ml–1 (drug dry weight) in water extracts, and from 10.7 to 21.6 μg.ml–1 in methanol extracts. The highest content of phenolic compounds as well as the highest antioxidant activity were found to be in the top sheet, while the lowest content of phenolic compounds and lowest antioxidant activity were detected in the leaves of the middle stem part.
Pancreatic lipase (PNLIP, EC 3.1.1.3) plays a pivotal role in the digestion of dietary lipids, a metabolic pathway directly related to obesity. One of the effective strategies in obesity treatment is the inhibition of PNLIP, which is possible to be achieved by specific phenolic compounds occurring in high abundance in some plants. In this study, a multidisciplinary approach is presented investigating the PNLIP inhibitory effect of 33 plants belonging in the Asteraceae botanical family. In the first stage of the study, a rapid and cost-efficient PNLIP assay in a 96-microwell plate format was developed and important parameters were optimized, e.g., the enzyme substrate. Upon PNLIP assay optimization, aqueous and dichloromethane Asteraceae plant extracts were tested and a cut-off inhibition level was set to further analyze only the samples with a significant inhibitory effect (inhibitory rate > 40%), using an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-q-TOF-MS) method. Specifically, a metabolomic suspect screening was performed and 69 phenolic compounds were tentatively identified, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, flavonoid-3-O-glycosides, and flavonoid-7-O-glycosides, amongst others. In the case of aqueous extracts, phytochemicals known for inducing PNLIP inhibitory effect, e.g., compounds containing galloyl molecules or caffeoylquinic acids, were monitored in Chrysanthemum morifolium, Grindella camporum and Hieracium pilosella extracts. All in all, the presented approach combines in vitro bioactivity measurements to high-end metabolomics to identify phenolic compounds with potential medicinal and/or dietary applications.
- MeSH
- Asteraceae * chemistry MeSH
- Chromatography, Liquid MeSH
- Phenols analysis MeSH
- Flavonoids chemistry MeSH
- Phytochemicals analysis MeSH
- Glycosides MeSH
- Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Lipase MeSH
- Lipids MeSH
- Methylene Chloride MeSH
- Obesity MeSH
- Plant Extracts chemistry pharmacology MeSH
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid methods MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Onosma riedliana Binzet & Orcan, a traditionally used plant species, has been explored for its therapeutic potential in this study. The work presented here is the first report on the phenolic profile and biological activity of this species. Three extracts of varying polarity were prepared, with the methanolic extract containing the highest phenolic content (97.62 ± 0.20 mgGAE/g). Key phenolic compounds identified included pinoresinol, hesperidin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and p-coumaric acid. The methanolic extract exhibited exceptional antioxidant properties, rivaling Trolox as a positive control, primarily attributed to hesperidin and luteolin. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract demonstrated remarkable inhibition of cholinesterase and tyrosinase enzymes, while the methanolic extract displayed potent activity against carbohydrate hydrolytic enzymes, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Again, phenolic compounds were shown to be responsible for the inhibition of cholinesterases and tyrosinase, but not for α-amylase and α-glucosidase. These findings underscore Onosma riedliana's potential for incorporation into diverse pharmaceutical formulations, given its multifaceted bioactivity.
Článek shrnuje výsledky testování fenolických sloučenin (flavonoidy, isoflavonoidy, xanthony, fenolkarboxylové kyseliny, taniny, kumariny atd.) obsažených v oddencích čtyř druhů kosatců (Iris sibirica L., Iris pseudacorus L., Iris imbricatа Lindl., Iris hungarica Waldst. et Kit.). S využitím papírové a tenkovrstvé chromatografie bylo identifikováno patnáct fenolických sloučenin: kyselina gallová, kumarová, skořicová, chlorogenová, neochlorogenová, ferulová, kávová; kaempferol, quercetin, hispidulin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin, mangiferin a isomangiferin. Byly stanoveny kvantitativní obsahy flavonoidů (1,2–3,7 %), hydroxyskořicových kyselin (0,6–6,5 %), γ-pyronů (0,01–0,8 %), taninů (6–14 %), isoflavonoidů (1–2 %) a polyfenolických sloučenin (až 3 %) v oddencích druhů kosatců. Vybrané rostliny patří k přírodní flóře a jsou často pěstovány. Nicméně tato fytochemická analýza pro hlavní skupiny biologicky aktivních látek ukazuje na perspektivní využití druhů Iris v lékařství.
This article presents the results of testing of phenolic compounds (flavonoids, isoflavonoids, xanthones, phenolcarboxylic acids, tannins, coumarins, etc.) in the rhizomes of four Iris species (Iris sibirica L., Iris pseudacorus L., Iris imbricatа Lindl., Iris hungarica Waldst. et Kit.). With the use of paper and thin-layer chromatography, fifteen phenolic compounds were identified: gallic, coumaric, cinnamic, chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, ferulic, caffeic acids; kaempferol, quercetin, hispidulin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin, mangiferin and isomangiferin. Quantitative contents of flavonoids (1.2–3.7%), hydroxycinnamic acids (0.6–6.5%), γ-pyrones (0.01–0.8%), tannins (6–14%), isoflavonoids (1–2%), polyphenolic compounds (up to 3%) in the rhizomes of the Iris species were determined. Chosen plants belong to natural flora and have been often cultivated. However, this phytochemical analysis for the main groups of the biologically active substances shows a perspective use of the Iris species in medicine.
