This study aimed to determine the effect of complex training (CT) on post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effect magnitude, 5- and 30-m linear sprint, 5-0-5 change-of-direction (COD), back squat (BS) and hip thrust (HT) one-repetition maximum [1RM], and jumping performance (countermovement jump [CMJ], drop jump [DJ], and broad jump [BJ]). The PAPE effect was elicited before and after each intervention by 3 BS repetitions at 90% 1RM and verified by CMJ performance. Twenty-four soccer players were randomly and equally assigned to 6 weeks of either medium (MED; [65-70%1RM]) or high-intensity (HIGH; [80-85%1RM]) CT performed twice a week. The HIGH group significantly improved their 5-m time (p < 0.001; effect size [ES] = 1.91), 30-m time (p = 0.001; ES = 0.66), BS 1RM (p = 0.019; ES = 0.19) and HT 1RM (p = 0.035; ES = 0.26), BJ length (p = 0.012; ES = 0.62) and DJ height (p = 0.002; ES = 0.57) from pre- to post-intervention. The MED group significantly improved their 5-m time (p = 0.004; ES = 0.52), BS 1RM (p = 0.019; ES = 0.36) and BJ length (p = 0.012; ES = 0.7). Significantly shorter 5-m sprint time (p = 0.001; ES = 1.63) and greater DJ height percentage increase (p < 0.001; ES = 1.81) were found in the HIGH group compared to the MED group. Moreover, a significant main effect of the group, indicating a higher PAPE response in the MED group compared to the HIGH group for CMJ peak power output, was observed at both pre- and post-CT intervention (p = 0.045; η2 = 0.171). Six weeks of either medium or high-intensity CT could be used to enhance jumping performance, linear speed and lower-body maximum strength among soccer players. Superior improvements in acceleration and DJ might be expected after high-intensity CT than medium intensity. Medium-intensity CT can improve PAPE response.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

This study was conducted to determine and compare the effects of reformer pilates (RP) and mat pilates (MP) exercises on soccer players' physical parameters and technical skills. Thirty voluntary participants were randomly assigned to either RP group (n = 10; age = 20.60 ± 1.65), MP group (n = 10; age = 19.40 ± 1.35) and control group (CG) (n = 10; age = 20.10 ± 1.15). Technical and physical performance tests were performed. In the RP group counter movement jump (CMJ), standing broad jump (SBJ), single leg triple hop right-left, balance right-left leg, flexibility, 10-20m sprint, german agility (GA), speed dribbling (SPD), loughborough soccer passing (LSPT), lobbed passing right food, lobbed passing total measurement results showed a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test mean values (p < 0.05). In the MP group, balance right-left leg, single leg triple hop right-left, 5 - 10m sprint, GA, SPD, LBP, lobbed passing right measurement results showed a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test mean values (p < 0.05). The control group had no significant difference in the pre-test and post-test mean values of technical and physical performance measurements (p > 0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed superior improvements in GA, LSPT, and single-leg triple hop right-left in the RP group compared to the MP group. Based on these findings, coaches and sports performance specialists may enhance athletes' physical performance and technical skills by incorporating Pilates exercises (particularly RP) into training programs.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Soccer * physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Athletic Performance * physiology   MeSH
• Exercise Movement Techniques * methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

Majkić, B, Stojanović, N, Lilić, A, and Milanović, Z. The effects of a 6-week resisted small-sided games training program on the power performance of young soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 39(7): e870-e877, 2025-Small-sided games (SSG) with additional load can improve power performance in soccer players. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6-week resisted SSG training program on power performance in young soccer players. Twenty-two under-17 top-national youth-level soccer players (age: 16.11 ± 0.41 years; height: 176.31 ± 5.71 cm; body mass: 65.16 ± 8.1 kg) were randomly allocated to a weighted vests group (WV; n = 11), which wore weighted vests of 10% of their body mass or control group (CG; n = 11) with no additional load during sessions. Subjects performed vertical jump test, sprint running test (5, 10, and 30 m), and change of direction tests (COD) (Slalom, t test, and 4 × 5 m). The 6-week experimental program, implemented into regular sessions, included 2 additional SSGs per week and consisted of 3 sets lasting 3 minutes with 3-minute rest intervals. The players were divided into 2 teams of 5 and 2 of 6 players, each consisting of a mix of players from WV and CG, and performed SSG on the field area corresponding to 75 m 2 per player. Results revealed an improvement for WV in jump height by 7.34% (ES = 1.79) and in Peak Power (PP) by 4.40%. Significant interaction effects were observed in the Slalom and 4 × 5 m tests, and there was a distinction for 5 and 30 m sprints but with no statistically significant interaction effects. It is concluded that implementing resisted SSGs during the preparatory period can enhance jump height, PP, COD, and 5 m sprint time in young soccer players.

• MeSH
• Running physiology   MeSH
• Soccer * physiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Resistance Training * methods   MeSH
• Athletic Performance * physiology   MeSH
• Muscle Strength * physiology   MeSH
• Exercise Test MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH

Příručka, která se zaměřuje na sportovní aktivitu u pacientů s diabetem mellitus. Obsahuje i kazuistiky. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Diabetes u dětí a mladistvých byl tradičně považován za překážku větší sportovní aktivity. Dramatické zlepšení kvality života diabetiků 1. typu – v důsledku nových technických i farmakologických možností inzulinové terapie – umožňuje mnohým z nich život téměř srovnatelný s jejich zdravými vrstevníky. Přirozeným zájmem se tak mezi diabetiky 1. typu stává sport, včetně jeho závodního provozování. Diabetolog dnes musí být schopen pečovat o aktivně sportujícího diabetika. Riziko hypoglykemie i další nebezpečí spojená se sportem nelze podceňovat, na druhou stranu se lékař dostává do nepříjemného světla, když mladému pacientovi sport zakáže, když on sám zná další diabetiky, kteří se sportu věnovat mohou, a to někdy i vrcholovému. Třetí vydání úspěšné publikace obsahuje i nejmodernější metody léčby a kontroly glykemie, tedy aplikaci inzulinových pump a okamžitého měření glukózy (CGM). Knížka kolektivu autorů vedených jedním z nejuznávanějších českých odborníků v oblasti diabetologie a výživy, prof. MUDr. Zdeňkem Rušavým, Ph.D., je koncipována jako praktický návod pro diabetologa, resp. ošetřujícího lékaře, který se stará o sportující diabetiky 1. typu.

• MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus MeSH
• Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring MeSH
• Athletes MeSH
• Sports MeSH
• Physical Exertion MeSH
• Physical Fitness MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• diabetologie
• tělovýchovné lékařství
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

BACKGROUND: This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between genetic variations in monocarboxylate transporter genes and blood lactate production and removal after high-intensity efforts in humans. The study was conducted to explore how genetic variations in the MCT1, MCT2, and MCT4 genes influenced lactate dynamics and to advance the field of sports genetics by pinpointing critical genetic markers that can enhance athletic performance and recovery. METHODS: 337 male athletes from Poland and the Czech Republic underwent two intermittent all-out Wingate tests. Before the tests, DNA samples were taken from each participant, and SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) analysis was carried out. Two intermittent all-out tests were implemented, and lactate concentrations were assessed before and after these tests. RESULTS: Sprinters more frequently exhibited the haplotype TAC in the MCT2 gene, which was associated with an increase in the difference between maximum lactate and final lactate concentration. Additionally, this haplotype was linked to higher maximum lactate concentration and was more frequently observed in sprinters. The genotypic interactions AG/T- and GGxT- (MCT1 rs3789592 x MCT4 rs11323780), TTxTT (MCT1 rs12028967 x MCT2 rs3763979), and MCT1 rs7556664 x MCT4 rs11323780 were all associated with an increase in the difference between maximum lactate concentration and final lactate concentration. Conversely, the AGxGG (MCT1 rs3789592 x MCT2 rs995343) interaction was linked to a decrease in this difference. The relationship between maximum lactate concentration and genotypic interactions can be observed as follows: when ATxTT (MCT2 rs3763980 x MCT4 rs11323780) or CTxCT (MCT1 rs10857983 x MCT2 rs3763979) genotypic combinations are present, it leads to a decrease in maximum lactate concentration. Similarly, the combination of CTxCT (MCT1 rs4301628 x MCT2 rs3763979), CT x TT (MCT1 rs4301628 x MCT4 rs11323780), and CTxTT (MCT1 rs4301628 x MCT2 rs3763979) results in decreased maximum lactate concentration. CONCLUSIONS: The TAC haplotype (rs3763980, rs995343, rs3763979) in the MCT2 gene is associated with altered lactate clearance in sprinters, potentially affecting performance and recovery by elevating post-exercise lactate concentrations. While MCT4 rs11323780 is also identified as a significant variant in lactate metabolism, suggesting its role as a biomarker for sprinting performance, further investigation is necessary to clarify underlying mechanisms and consider additional factors. Based on elite male athletes from Poland and the Czech Republic, the study may not generalize to all sprinters or diverse athletic populations. Although genetic variants show promise as biomarkers for sprinting success, athletic performance is influenced by a complex interplay of genetics, environment, and training extending beyond MCT genes.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Haplotypes * MeSH
• Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide * MeSH
• Kinetics MeSH
• Lactic Acid * blood   metabolism   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Monocarboxylic Acid Transporters * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Athletes MeSH
• Muscle Proteins * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Symporters * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between linear and change-of-direction sprinting performance with dribbling performance and Dribble Deficit in professional female handball players. METHODS: Eleven professional female handball players (mean age: 21.12 ± 4.34 years; body height: 171.59 ± 4.52 cm; body weight: 66.29 ± 5.73 kg) participated in the study. Each participant completed several linear (sprint over 10, 20, and 30 m) and change-of-direction tests (slalom test, zig-zag test, 505 test), first without the ball (sprinting performance) followed by ball dribbling (dribbling performance). Dribble Deficit was calculated indirectly as the time difference between the best trial while dribbling minus the best trial without dribbling. RESULTS: A large to very large correlation was observed between the linear sprint and dribbling performance (r = 0.53-0.78), as well as between change-of-direction sprinting performance and dribbling performance (r = 0.66-0.88). The study also showed a moderate to perfect relationship between linear dribbling performance and Dribble Deficit (r = 0.46-0.93), and a large relationship between change-of-direction dribbling performance and Dribble Deficit (r = 0.54-0.55), while the relationships between linear sprinting performance and Dribble Deficit (r = -0.51-0.21) and between change-of-direction sprinting performance and Dribble Deficit (r = -0.14-0.26) were small and non-significant. CONCLUSION: In summary, Dribble Deficit reflects dribbling ability independent of sprinting ability and refines its application for practical use in assessing dribbling skills in female handball players.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered an effective therapy strategy for improving chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures in the cerebral cortex that play a crucial role in regulating chronic pain. However, little is unknown whether HIIT could alleviate OA pain sensitization by reducing PNN levels. This study aimed to determine whether HIIT could reduce sensitivity of the affected joint(s) to pain in a chronic pain model in rats with OA. A rat model of interest was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee. Thereafter, the mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWTs) and PNN levels in the contralateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were measured in rats in the presence or absence of HIIT alone or in combination with injection of chondroitinase-ABC (ChABC) into the contralateral mPFC (inducing the degradation of PNNs), respectively. Results indicated that rats with OA exhibited significant reductions in MWTs, but a significant increase in the PNN levels; that HIIT reversed changes in MWTs and PNN levels in rats with OA, and that pretreatment of ChABC abolished effects of HIIT on MWTs, with PNN levels not changed. We concluded that pain sensitization in rats with OA may correlate with an increase in PNN levels in the mPFC, and that HIIT may increases OA pain-sensitive threshold by reduction of the PNN levels in the mPFC. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Chronic pain, Pain sensitization, High-intensity interval training, Perineuronal nets.

• MeSH
• Chronic Pain therapy   physiopathology   MeSH
• Extracellular Matrix metabolism   MeSH
• Physical Conditioning, Animal physiology   methods   MeSH
• Rats MeSH
• Osteoarthritis * therapy   MeSH
• Rats, Sprague-Dawley * MeSH
• Pain Threshold * MeSH
• Prefrontal Cortex * metabolism   MeSH
• High-Intensity Interval Training * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Rats MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Hlavným cieľom realizovaného výskumu bolo odhaliť vplyv rôznych foriem hypoxie (akútnej a inter mitentnej) na výkon výkonnostných plavcov. Realizovali sme vstupné a výstupné testovanie v rýchlosti preplávania 50 metrov kraulom (T1), zisťovali počet nádychov pri plávaní 50 metrovej vzdialenosti kraulom (T2) a maximálnej preplávanej vzdialenosti pod vodou na jeden nádych T3. Výskum bol realizovaný na n = 12 výkonnostných plavcoch (4 ženy a 8 mužov), ktorých priemerný vek bol 15,75 roka, priemerná telesná hmotnosť bola 56,2 kg a priemerná telesná výška bola 172,5 cm. Testova nie bolo realizované po 10 minútovom spoločnom rozcvičení a rozplávanie 400 metrovej vzdialenosti ľubovoľným spôsobom a 2 x (15 metrov šprint + 35 metrov vyplávanie). Aplikácie a využívanie hypoxických podmienok prebiehalo v mesiacov február– marec 2024, 3 týždne / 21 dní. Sledovaný probandi boli náhodne rozdelený do 3 súborov, kde VS1 absolvoval plavecký hypoxický kontrolovaný tréning, VS2 absolvoval prerušovaný simulovaný hypoxický tréning pomocou hypoxického generátora „AltitudeTechPortable 2020“ a VS3 absolvoval klasický podnet bez aplikácie experimentálneho pod netu. Výsledky poukazujú na zistenia, že v teste T1 dosiahol najvýraznejšie priemerné zlepšenia VS2 (+ 5,3 %), v teste T2 dosiahol najvýraznejšie zlepšenia VS1 (+ 35,7 %) a v teste T3 sa najviac zlepšil VS1(+14,3 %). Nazáklade výsledkov môžeme konštatovať, že pre plavcov výkonnostnej úrovne sa javí ako najefektívnejšie využívať akútnu hypoxiu v normoxických podmienkach zaraďovaný do plavecke prípravy v jednotlivých obdobiach v dĺžke 3 týždňov a rozsahu 10-15 minút v tréningovej jednotke po rozcvičení a rozplávaní, ideálne v kombinácii s intermitentnou formou hypoxie podľa realizovanej schémy v tomto výskume najmä pre zlepšenie času v najkratších 50 metrových disciplínach.

The main objective of the research was to determine the impact of different forms of hypoxia (acute and intermittent) on the performance of performance swimmers. We realised pre and post-tests in 50-meter freestyle swimming speed (T1), counted the number of breaths taken during 50-meter freestyle swimming (T2), and measured the maximum underwater distance covered in one breath (T3). The study was conducted on a sample of n = 12 performance swimmers (4 females and 8 males), with the average age of 15.75 years, average body weight of 56.2 kg, and average body height of 172.5 cm. The testing was preceded by a 10-minute warm-up and a 400-meter swim using any stroke, followed by two repetitions of a 15-meter sprint and a 35-meter easy swim. The experiment involving hypoxic conditions was carried out over a 3-week period / 21 days in February and March 2024. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups: RG1 underwent hypoxic controlled swimming training, RG2 underwent intermittent simulated hypoxic training using the 'AltitudeTechPortable 2020' hypoxic generator, and RG3 served as a control group without any experimental intervention. The results indicate that the most significant average improvement in T1 was achieved by RG2 (+5.3%), in T2 by RG1 (+35.7%), and in T3 by RG1 (+14.3%). Based on the results, we may conclude that for performance swimmers, acute hypoxia in normoxic conditions, incorporated into swimming training in individual periods of 3 weeks and lasting 10-15 minutes per training session after warm-ups, appears to be most effective, especially when combined with intermittent hypoxia as implemented in this study, particularly for improving performance in the shortest 50-meter disciplines.

• MeSH
• Respiration MeSH
• Physical Endurance physiology   MeSH
• Hypoxia * classification   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Swimming * physiology   MeSH
• Athletic Performance physiology   MeSH
• Endurance Training methods   MeSH
• Exercise Test classification   methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Clinical Study MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Very low carbohydrate high fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are widely utilized for weight reduction and cardiorespiratory fitness improvement, respectively. To assess the acceptability of these approaches, it is essential to examine mental health-related indicators. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial investigated the isolated and synergistic effects of VLCHF and HIIT on mental health-related indicators in individuals with excessive weight or obesity. Sixty-eight participants (age = 42 ± 10.2; 20-60 years; BMI = 29.8 ± 3.7) were analysed across four groups: HIIT (n = 15, 4 males, 11 females), VLCHF (n = 19, 4 males, 15 females), VLCHF + HIIT (n = 19, 4 males, 15 females), and control (n = 15, 4 males, 11 females). The 12-week intervention, involved VLCHF diet or HIIT sessions, depending on group affiliation and completing online questionnaires via Qualtrics software before and after the intervention. The questionnaires included the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) for mental (MHS) and physical health scores (PHS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found no significant differences in mental health-related indicators between groups after 12 weeks, except for SWLS (p = 0.031; ES = 0.133; medium), which improved significantly in the VLCHF + HIIT group compared to the HIIT group. Our findings indicate that HIIT and VLCHF, alone or combined, do not significantly affect mental health-related indicators.

• MeSH
• Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted * methods   MeSH
• Diet, High-Fat * adverse effects   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Mental Health * MeSH
• Weight Loss MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Obesity * MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• High-Intensity Interval Training * methods   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Introduction: Sprinting is a key component in the development and final results in many individual and team sports. According to recent findings on the mechanical determinants of sprint performance, resistance sprinting (RSS) may be a suitable method to improve sprint performance in the acceleration and maximum velocity phases. Methods: Sports science students (183.6 ± 5.1 cm; 85.8 ± 6.8 kg; 24.5 ± .9 yrs), who are primarily involved in collective sports, performed two-day testing. The first testing included tests of maximal strength, isometric mid-tight pull (IMTP) and explosive lower limb strength, countermovement jump with no arm movement (CMJ). The second testing was completed 48 hours later and included unresisted sprint (URS) and resisted sprint (RSS) over 20 m with three different resistances (8 oz, 12 oz, 2 lb). Results: A significant correlation was found between CMJ and speed tests (URS, RSS 8 oz, RSS 12 oz). The same applied for the relationship with IMTP and speed tests, with only one difference being that IMTP correlated also with RSS 2 lb (r = -0.58). However, observing the relationship of velocity decrease (Vdec) and performance parameters, showed the highest correlation between Vdec 8 oz and URS 20 m (r = -0.572), and also between Vdec 12 oz and CMJ (r = -0.370). At Vdec 2 lb, of all the performance parameters, IMTP (r = -0.260) was the only one which correlated. Conclusion: The results of the study demonstrate a relationship between CMJ and IMTP with unresisted sprint. Also between maximal strength test, IMTP and heavy resisted sprint.