The aim of the study was to develop an orthopedic implant coating in the form of vancomycin-loaded collagen/hydroxyapatite layers (COLHA+V) that combine the ability to prevent bone infection with the ability to promote enhanced osseointegration. The ability to prevent bone infection was investigated employing a rat model that simulated the clinically relevant implant-related introduction of bacterial contamination to the bone during a surgical procedure using a clinical isolate of Staphylococcus epidermidis. The ability to enhance osseointegration was investigated employing a model of a minipig with terminated growth. Six weeks following implantation, the infected rat femurs treated with the implants without vancomycin (COLHA+S. epidermidis) exhibited the obvious destruction of cortical bone as evinced via a cortical bone porosity of up to 20% greater than that of the infected rat femurs treated with the implants containing vancomycin (COLHA+V+S. epidermidis) (3%) and the non-infected rat femurs (COLHA+V) (2%). The alteration of the bone structure of the infected COLHA+S. epidermidis group was further demonstrated by a 3% decrease in the average Ca/P molar ratio of the bone mineral. Finally, the determination of the concentration of vancomycin released into the blood stream indicated a negligible systemic load. Six months following implantation in the pigs, the quantified ratio of new bone indicated an improvement in osseointegration, with a two-fold bone ingrowth on the COLHA (47%) and COLHA+V (52%) compared to the control implants without a COLHA layer (27%). Therefore, it can be concluded that COLHA+V layers are able to significantly prevent the destruction of bone structure related to bacterial infection with a minimal systemic load and, simultaneously, enhance the rate of osseointegration.

• Klíčová slova
• Staphylococcus epidermidis, bone, collagen, hydroxyapatite, implant-related bone infection, minipig, orthopedic implant, osseointegration, rat, vancomycin,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Antibiotics cure infections by influencing bacterial growth or viability. Antibiotics can be divided to two groups on the basis of their effect on microbial cells through two main mechanisms, which are either bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Bactericidal antibiotics kill the bacteria and bacteriostatic antibiotics suppress the growth of bacteria (keep them in the stationary phase of growth). One of many factors to predict a favorable clinical outcome of the potential action of antimicrobial chemicals may be provided using in vitro bactericidal/bacteriostatic data (e.g., minimum inhibitory concentrations-MICs). Consequently, MICs are used in clinical situations mainly to confirm resistance, and to determine the in vitro activities of new antimicrobials. We report on the combination of data obtained from MICs with information on microorganisms' "fingerprint" (e.g., DNA/RNA, and proteins) provided by Raman spectroscopy. Thus, we could follow mechanisms of the bacteriostatic versus bactericidal action simply by detecting the Raman bands corresponding to DNA. The Raman spectra of Staphylococcus epidermidis treated with clindamycin (a bacteriostatic agent) indeed show little effect on DNA which is in contrast with the action of ciprofloxacin (a bactericidal agent), where the Raman spectra show a decrease in strength of the signal assigned to DNA, suggesting DNA fragmentation.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• ciprofloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií účinky léků   MeSH
• klindamycin farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Ramanova spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• ciprofloxacin MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• klindamycin MeSH

The ability of surfactants obtained from three Lactobacillus acidophilus strains to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis biofilms was evaluated. Their influence was determined on bacterial initial adhesion, biofilm formation and dispersal using MTT-reduction assay, confocal laser scanning microscopy and image PHLIP analysis. The number of adhering S. aureus and S. epidermidis cells after a 3-h co-incubation with biosurfactants was reduced by 5-56 % in a strain-and dose-dependent manner. S. epidermidis-and, to a lower extent, in S. aureus-biofilm formation was also inhibited in the presence of the tested surfactants. The addition of surfactants to preformed mature biofilms accelerated their dispersal, and changed the parameters of biofilm morphology. The L. acidophilus-derived surfactants inhibit bacterial deposition rate and biofilm development (and also its maturation) without affecting cell growth probably due to the influence on the cell-surface hydrophobicity of staphylococci.

• MeSH
• bakteriální adheze účinky léků   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Lactobacillus acidophilus metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• povrchově aktivní látky metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• povrchově aktivní látky MeSH

Isolates from the "farm to fork" samples (182 isolates from 2779 samples) were examined genotypically (icaAB genes) and phenotypically (in vitro biofilm formation, typical growth on Congo red agar; CRA) with the aim to assess the risk of penetration of virulent strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis into the food chain. The contamination of meat and milk products was significantly higher in comparison with raw materials. Contamination of contact surfaces in the meat-processing plants was significantly lower than that of contact surfaces in the dairy plants. The ica genes (which precondition the biofilm formation) were concurrently detected in 20 isolates that also showed a typical growth on CRA. Two ica operon-negative isolates produced biofilm in vitro but perhaps by an ica-independent mechanism. The surfaces in the dairy plants and the milk products were more frequently contaminated with ica operon-positive strains (2.3 and 1.2 % samples) than the other sample types (0-0.6 % samples).

• MeSH
• biofilmy * MeSH
• kontaminace potravin * MeSH
• kontaminace zdravotnického vybavení MeSH
• manipulace s potravinami přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• masné výrobky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• maso mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mléčné výrobky mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• operon MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• pulzní gelová elektroforéza MeSH
• skot MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The ability of C. parapsilosis (an important cause of nosocomial infections) to produce biofilm was evaluated in 32 bloodstream isolates and 85 strains isolated from skin. The biofilm formation was found in 19 (59%) blood isolates and only in 33 (39%) isolates from skin. The antifungal susceptibility was assessed for amphotericin B, itraconazole and voriconazole in planktonic and biofilm form of the 19 biofilm-positive bloodstream strains by broth microdilution method according to NCCLS standards. The method was modified by the use of resazurin as a colorimetric indicator of the metabolically active cells which makes the determination of the effect of antifungal agents easier. Biofilm forms of all strains were more resistant than their planktonic form.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• Candida účinky léků   patogenita   MeSH
• fungální léková rezistence účinky léků   MeSH
• fungemie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kolorimetrie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody   MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifungální látky MeSH

The influence of environmental factors (temperature, aerobiosis-anaerobiosis, static-dynamic conditions, pH) was determined on biofilm formation by 51 S. maltophilia clinical isolates. The strains produced more biofilm at 32 degrees C than at 37 or 18 degrees C. Aerobic and 6% CO2 atmosphere yielded comparable biofilm amounts, higher than under anaerobic conditions. Biofilm production was not affected by static vs. agitated culture conditions. Biofilm production at pH 7.5 and 8.5 was comparable but significantly higher than at pH 5.5. The capacity of individual strains to form biofilm and thus contribute to the severity of some diseases is influenced by host traits and environmental conditions at the site of infection, and play an important role in the pathogenesis of biomaterial-related disease caused by S. maltophilia.

• MeSH
• aerobióza MeSH
• anaerobióza MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• gramnegativní bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regulace genové exprese u bakterií * MeSH
• Stenotrophomonas maltophilia růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• teplota * MeSH
• životní prostředí * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kultivační média MeSH

Due to high resistance, standard chemotherapy of biofilm-associated staphylococcal infections is ineffective and a number of alternative approaches to antimicrobial treatment have been proposed. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and biofilm inhibitory concentration (BIC) of oxacillin (Oxa), vancomycin (Van), linezolid (Lzd) and lysostaphin (Lss) as well as the possible synergistic effect of the antibiotics and lysostaphin were determined. The Lss susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus planktonic and bio-film cultures varied and was strain-dependent. The synergistic effect of sub-BIC(Lss)+Oxa was observed for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSa) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MrSa), but not for heterogeneously vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (V(h)Sa) biofilm. Van with sub-BICL(Lss) was effective against M(s)Sa and MrSa biofilm, when applied in three subsequent doses. Only sub-BICL(Lss)+Lzd combination, given as three cycles therapy, was effective in disruption of all 3 (M(s)Sa, M(r)Sa, V(h)Sa) biofilms.

• MeSH
• acetamidy farmakologie   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• linezolid MeSH
• lysostafin farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• oxacilin farmakologie   MeSH
• oxazolidinony farmakologie   MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   MeSH
• vankomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetamidy MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• linezolid MeSH
• lysostafin MeSH
• oxacilin MeSH
• oxazolidinony MeSH
• vankomycin MeSH

Effect of pH on production of extracellular virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown on catheter in biofilm was determined. Alginate and proteinase production was higher at pH 8; in contrast, siderophores (pyochelin and pyoverdin) were synthesized more intensively at pH 5.

• MeSH
• algináty metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• biofilmy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• faktory virulence biosyntéza   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média speciální chemie   MeSH
• kyselina glukuronová metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny hexuronové metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• moč mikrobiologie   MeSH
• proteasy metabolismus   MeSH
• pseudomonádové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa růst a vývoj   metabolismus   patogenita   fyziologie   MeSH
• siderofory metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• algináty MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• kultivační média speciální MeSH
• kyselina glukuronová MeSH
• kyseliny hexuronové MeSH
• proteasy MeSH
• siderofory MeSH