Sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation and a strong antioxidative response reduce drought-induced biomass loss at the vegetative stage in rice. A clear understanding of the physiological and biochemical adaptations to water limitation in upland and aerobic rice can help to identify the mechanisms underlying their tolerance to low water availability. In this study, three indica rice varieties-IR64 (lowland), Apo (aerobic), and UPL Ri-7 (upland)-, that are characterized by contrasting levels of drought tolerance, were exposed to drought at the vegetative stage. Drought-induced changes in biomass, leaf metabolites and oxidative stress markers/enzyme activities were analyzed in each variety at multiple time points. The two drought-tolerant varieties, Apo and UPL Ri-7 displayed a reduced water use in contrast to the susceptible variety IR64 that displayed high water consumption and consequent strong leaf dehydration upon drought treatment. A sugar-mediated osmotic acclimation in UPL Ri-7 and a strong antioxidative response in Apo were both effective in limiting the drought-induced biomass loss in these two varieties, while biomass loss was high in IR64, also after recovery. A qualitative comparison of these results with the ones of a similar experiment conducted in the field at the reproductive stage showed that only Apo, which also in this stage showed the highest antioxidant power, was able to maintain a stable grain yield under stress. Our results show that different metabolic and antioxidant adaptations confer drought tolerance to aerobic and upland rice varieties in the vegetative stage. The effectiveness of these adaptations differs between developmental stages. Unraveling the genetic control of these mechanisms might be exploited in breeding for new rice varieties adapted to water-limited environments.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidative response, Biomass, Drought, Metabolism, Oryza sativa, Osmotic adjustment, Vegetative stage,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fyziologická adaptace MeSH
• období sucha MeSH
• rýže (rod) * MeSH
• šlechtění rostlin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH

In multicellular organisms, the indole melatonin synthesized by aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANATI) serves as an antioxidant. To test this, sex-mixed 3-day-old mated fly adults bw1 and AANAT1 homozygous recessive loss-of-function mutant (bw AANAT1lo) of Drosophila melanogaster were fed by a standard diet or by one containing paraquat (PQ, 1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridilium dichloride hydrate) at a final concentration of 15.5 mM. Experiment lasted 8 h and began at 11 a.m. In bw1 flies the paraquat treatment resulted in a significant (evaluated by Student's t-tests) decrease of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and an increase the catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Meanwhile, in these flies, total Antioxidative capacity (TAC) was significantly curbed by the paraquat presence. Importantly, these changes were not observed in the AANAT1-mutants. Thus, melatonin seems to play an important defence role against the oxidative stress elicited by paraquat.

• Klíčová slova
• arylalkylamine‐N‐acetyltransferase, drosophila, mutant, oxidative stress, paraquat, stress response,
• MeSH
• acetyltransferasy metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• antioxidancia * metabolismus   MeSH
• Drosophila melanogaster * účinky léků   enzymologie   MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa * metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• katalasa metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• melatonin farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres * účinky léků   MeSH
• paraquat * farmakologie   MeSH
• proteiny Drosophily metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa metabolismus   genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetyltransferasy MeSH
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa * MeSH
• katalasa MeSH
• melatonin MeSH
• paraquat * MeSH
• proteiny Drosophily MeSH
• superoxiddismutasa MeSH

Due to the growing number of applications of cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs), there is a concern about their potential deleterious effects. The objective of our study was to investigate the effect of CdO NPs on the immune response, renal and intestine oxidative stress, blood antioxidant defence, renal fibrotic response, bone density and mineral content. Six-week-old female ICR mice were exposed to CdO NPs for 6 weeks by inhalation (particle size: 9.82 nm, mass concentration: 31.7 μg CdO/m3, total deposited dose: 0.195 μg CdO/g body weight). CdO NPs increased percentage of thymus CD3e+CD8a+ cells and moderately enhanced splenocyte proliferation and production of cytokines and chemokines. CdO NPs elevated pro-fibrotic factors (TGF-β2, α-SMA and collagen I) in the kidney, and concentrations of AGEs in the intestine. The ratio of GSH and GSSG in blood was slightly reduced. Exposure to CdO NPs resulted in 10-fold higher Cd concentration in tibia bones. No differences were found in bone mass density, mineral content, bone area values, bone concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and Ca/P ratio. Our findings indicate stimulation of immune/inflammatory response, oxidative stress in the intestine, starting fibrotic response in kidneys and accumulation of CdO NPs in bones of mice.

• Klíčová slova
• Cadmium oxide nanoparticles, Inhalation, Mice, Nanotoxicology,
• MeSH
• aplikace inhalační MeSH
• buněčná imunita účinky léků   MeSH
• cytokiny metabolismus   MeSH
• fibróza chemicky indukované   MeSH
• kovové nanočástice aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• ledviny účinky léků   patologie   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny účinky léků   MeSH
• myši inbrední ICR MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   MeSH
• oxidy aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• slezina účinky léků   MeSH
• sloučeniny kadmia aplikace a dávkování   toxicita   MeSH
• střeva účinky léků   MeSH
• thymus účinky léků   MeSH
• tibie účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cadmium oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• cytokiny MeSH
• oxidy MeSH
• sloučeniny kadmia MeSH

Chilling influences the growth and metabolism of plants. The physiological response and acclimatization of genotypes in relation to stress stimulus can be different. Two sage cultivars: 'Icterina' and 'Purpurascens' were subjected to 4 °C and 18 °C (control), and sampled between the 5th and 14th day of the treatment. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity was up-regulated in chilled 'Purpurascens' on the 14th day, while guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity increased on the 10th and 12th day in relation to the control. GPX activity of the control 'Icterina' was frequently higher than chilled plants, and chilling did not affect APX activity of that cultivar. Catalase activity remained stable in both sage cultivars. Chilled 'Purpurascens' showed a significant increase in total phenolics contents on the 5th, 7th, and 12th day and in total antioxidant capacity on the 5th and 10th day as compared to the control for respective sampling days. Higher malondialdehyde content was found in chilled plants on the 12th, or 14th day, differences reached 26-28% of the controls. Chilling caused significant decrease in dry matter content. The stress response was more stable and effective in 'Icterina', while more dynamic changes were found for 'Purpurascens'. Based on our results, we propose to use 'Purpurascens' for targeted stress-induced studies and 'Icterina' for field applications.

• Klíčová slova
• Salvia officinalis L., antioxidants, chilling stress, cultivars, reactive oxygen species,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus * MeSH
• fyziologie rostlin * MeSH
• nízká teplota * MeSH
• oxidace-redukce MeSH
• reakce na chladový šok genetika   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• šalvěj lékařská fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH

Intestinal ischemia and reperfusion elicits changes in leukocyte counts and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether these changes were followed by and/or connected with changes in the extracellular antioxidative capacity in a rat superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusion/reperfusion model. The SMA was occluded for 45 min and then allowed to be reperfused. Changes of leukocyte, polymorphonuclear (PMN), and lymphocyte counts, chemiluminescence (CL) of whole blood samples as a marker of ROS production, and the total antioxidative capacity of the serum were quantified at the end of ischemia and in 1 h intervals during the postischemic period up to 4 h. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the serum and intestinal tissue samples was also determined. The MPO activity in the intestinal tissue samples was significantly elevated at the end of ischemia, and this elevation lasted for the whole postischemic period. The oxidative challenge to the body induced a fast mobilization of extracellular antioxidative mechanisms already at the end of ischemia, which was followed by a significant increase in PMN counts and whole blood CL starting at the 2nd hour after reperfusion. The increased CL activity of whole blood was attributed to the increase of the circulating PMNs. No significant changes were observed in leukocyte and lymphocyte counts. It is concluded that compensatory mechanisms of the oxidative-antioxidative balance of the body react very quickly if challenged.

• MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• leukocyty metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• luminiscenční měření MeSH
• peroxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku * MeSH
• reperfuzní poškození krev   patologie   MeSH
• střeva krevní zásobení   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• peroxidasa MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku * MeSH

Although structurally simple, viroids can trigger numerous changes in host plants and cause loss of yield in agronomically important crops. This study investigated changes in the endogenous status of phytohormones and antioxidant enzyme activity in Solanum tuberosum cv. Désirée in response to Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) infection. Phytohormone analysis showed that the content of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) and its precursor cis-OPDA significantly increased in leaves, while the content of castasterone (CS) increased in both leaves and tubers of systemically infected plants compared to mock-inoculated control plants at 8 weeks post-inoculation. The indole-3-acetic acid content moderately increased only in tubers, while no differences in salicylic acid and abscisic acid content were observed between infected and control plants. Changes in endogenous phytohormone content were associated with upregulated expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of JA and brassinosteroids, and the metabolism of auxins. Additionally, PSTVd infection provoked overproduction of hydrogen peroxide, which coincided with increased activity of guaiacol peroxidase in leaves and ascorbate peroxidase in potato tubers. The activity of catalase decreased in leaves, while superoxide dismutase activity remained steady regardless of the treatment and organ type. Total ascorbate and glutathione did not change significantly, although a shift towards oxidized forms was observed. Results suggest the existence of organ-specific differences in phytohormone and antioxidative responses in potato upon PSTVd infection. Possible effects of the observed changes on symptom development are discussed.

• Klíčová slova
• Ascorbate, Brassinosteroids, IAA, JA, PSTVd, Peroxidases,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• brassinosteroidy metabolismus   MeSH
• chlorofyl metabolismus   MeSH
• cholestanoly metabolismus   MeSH
• cyklopentany metabolismus   MeSH
• hlízy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny indoloctové metabolismus   MeSH
• listy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin virologie   MeSH
• oxylipiny metabolismus   MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• Solanum tuberosum metabolismus   fyziologie   virologie   MeSH
• viroidy metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• brassinosteroidy MeSH
• castasterone MeSH Prohlížeč
• chlorofyl MeSH
• cholestanoly MeSH
• cyklopentany MeSH
• indoleacetic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• jasmonic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
• kyseliny indoloctové MeSH
• oxylipiny MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH

Aging is a progressive, unalterable physiological degradation process of living organisms, which leads to deterioration of biological function and eventually to senescence. The most prevalent factor responsible for aging is the accumulation of damages resulting from oxidative stress and dysbiosis. D-galactose-induced aging has become a hot topic, and extensive research is being conducted in this area. Published literature has reported that the continuous administration of D-galactose leads to the deterioration of motor and cognitive skills, resembling symptoms of aging. Hence, this procedure is employed as a model for accelerated aging. This review aims to emphasize the effect of D-galactose on various bodily organs and underline the role of the Lactobacillus sp. in the aging process, along with its anti-oxidative potential. A critical consideration to the literature describing animal models that have used the Lactobacillus sp. in amending D-galactose-induced aging is also given. KEY POINTS: • D-Galactose induces the aging process via decreasing the respiratory chain enzyme activity as well as ATP synthesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased ROS production. • D-Galactose induced aging primarily affects the brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and skin. • The anti-oxidative potential of Lactobacillus sp. in improving D-galactose-induced aging in animal models via direct feeding and feeding of Lactobacillus-fermented food.

• Klíčová slova
• Aging, Antioxidant, D-galactose, Lactobacillus, Metabolites, Oxidative stress,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia * metabolismus   MeSH
• galaktosa * MeSH
• Lactobacillus metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia * MeSH
• galaktosa * MeSH

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provide a positive effect on antioxidant mechanisms in terrestrial plants under heavy metal stress. This study investigated the effects of AMF on wetland plant (Iris wilsonii) growth and antioxidant response under Cr stress at different water depths. Results showed that AMF inoculated I. wilsonii had higher antioxidant response than non-inoculated controls, with shoot superoxide dismutase (SOD), root SOD, shoot peroxidase (POD), and root POD contents increased by 4.7-39.6%, 7.5-29.5%, 11.2-68.6%, 16.8-50.3%, respectively. Meanwhile, shoot (root) proline, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide anion (O2.-) contents in the AMF inoculated I. wilsonii were 10.2-44.3% (2.8-37.2%), 11.5-35.4% (16.9-28.2), and 14.9-30.5% (-0.9-26.3%) lower than those in the non-inoculated controls, respectively. Besides, AMF improved the growth of I. wilsonii with biomass, height, chlorophyll, K, and P contents in the shoots increased by 10.5-32.5%, 17.4-44.9%, 4.7-37.7%, 12.0-30.7%, 13.5-20.6%, respectively. Moreover, the I. wilsonii tolerance to Cr stress was also enhanced under the water depth of 6-3 cm. Therefore, AMF play an important role in wetland plant growth and antioxidant response under Cr stress, and it can improve wetland plants' tolerance to Cr stress at fluctuating water depth.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidant response, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Reactive oxygen species, Water depths, Wetland plants,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• kořeny rostlin MeSH
• mokřady MeSH
• mykorhiza * MeSH
• rostliny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH

Paclitaxel is used for the treatment of several types of cancers. However, one of the significant limiting complications of paclitaxel is painful peripheral neuropathy during its therapy. In this study we examined the engagement of antioxidative signal pathway of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) in mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity evoked by paclitaxel. Behavioral test was performed to determine mechanical and thermal sensitivity in rats. Western blot analysis and ELISA were used to examine expression of Nrf2-antioxidant response element (ARE) and superoxide dismutases (SOD); and the levels of products of oxidative stress in the DRG. Our results show that paclitaxel increased mechanical and thermal sensitivity as compared with vehicle control animals. Paclitaxel also impaired Nrf2-ARE and SOD in the DRG and amplified products of oxidative stress, namely 8-isoprostaglandin F2alpha and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. Systemic administration of SOD mimetic using tempol, antioxidant vitamin C or blocking oxidative pathway using NADPH oxidase inhibitor (GKT137831) attenuated mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity induced by paclitaxel. This inhibitory effect was accompanied with decreases of proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) such as IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in the DRG. In conclusion, the data revealed impairment of Nrf2-ARE and heightened oxidative and PIC signals in the DRG of paclitaxel rats, leading to neuropathic pain. Balancing of reactive oxygen species by supplying antioxidants and/or inhibiting NADPH oxidase appears significant to yield beneficial effects in neuropathic pain conditions after chemotherapeutic paclitaxel.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fytogenní protinádorové látky toxicita   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• měření bolesti účinky léků   metody   MeSH
• neuralgie chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nocicepce účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• paclitaxel toxicita   MeSH
• potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fytogenní protinádorové látky MeSH
• paclitaxel MeSH

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) are increasingly used in various industry sectors. Moreover, medical application of CuO NPs as antimicrobials also contributes to human exposure. Their toxicity, including toxicity to the immune system and blood, raises concerns, while information on their immunotoxicity is still very limited. The aim of our work was to evaluate the effects of CuO NPs (number concentration 1.40×106 particles/cm3, geometric mean diameter 20.4 nm) on immune/inflammatory response and antioxidant defense in mice exposed to 32.5 µg CuO/m3 continuously for 6 weeks. After six weeks of CuO NP inhalation, the content of copper in lungs and liver was significantly increased, while in kidneys, spleen, brain, and blood it was similar in exposed and control mice. Inhalation of CuO NPs caused a significant increase in proliferative response of T-lymphocytes after mitogenic stimulation and basal proliferative activity of splenocytes. CuO NPs significantly induced the production of IL-12p70, Th1-cytokine IFN-γ and Th2-cytokines IL-4, IL-5. Levels of TNF-α and IL-6 remained unchanged. Immune assays showed significantly suppressed phagocytic activity of granulocytes and slightly decreased respiratory burst. No significant differences in phagocytosis of monocytes were recorded. The percentage of CD3+, CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+, and CD3-CD19+ cell subsets in spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes did not differ between exposed and control animals. No changes in hematological parameters were found between the CuO NP exposed and control groups. The overall antioxidant protection status of the organism was expressed by evaluation of GSH and GSSG concentrations in blood samples. The experimental group exposed to CuO NPs showed a significant decrease in GSH concentration in comparison to the control group. In summary, our results indicate that sub-chronic inhalation of CuO NPs can cause undesired modulation of the immune response. Stimulation of adaptive immunity was indicated by activation of proliferation and secretion functions of lymphocytes. CuO NPs elicited pro-activation state of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes in exposed mice. Innate immunity was affected by impaired phagocytic activity of granulocytes. Reduced glutathione was significantly decreased in mice exposed to CuO NPs.

• Klíčová slova
• antioxidant defense, copper oxide nanoparticles, cytokines, immune response, immunotoxicity, inflammation, lymphocytes, phagocytic activity and respiratory burst,
• MeSH
• adaptivní imunita MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• měď * toxicita   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nanočástice * toxicita   MeSH
• oxidy MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cytokiny MeSH
• měď * MeSH
• oxidy MeSH