Wear testing of total joint replacement (TJR) is mandatory in preclinical testing before implantation of TJR into the human body. Testing is governed by current international standards that recommend bovine serum (BS) as a lubricating fluid to replace synovial fluid (SF). Recently, the use of BS has been criticized because of differences in content, fluid characteristics, and nonhuman origin. As a result, a more realistic lubricant mimicking SF is needed. To define SF composition, we analyzed SF obtained during revisions of total hip and knee arthroplasties and compared it with SF obtained during primary arthroplasties and from patients without TJR. Samples were acquired from 152 patients. We found that the median total protein concentration for all SF was 36.8 mg/mL, which is significantly higher than concentrations currently recommended by the ISO standards. The γ-globulin concentration was significantly higher and the phospholipid concentration significantly lower in patients with revision of TJR compared with patients without TJR. No significant difference was found in hyaluronic acid concentration and viscosity among the groups. Our results support the need to improve the definition of a more clinically relevant wear testing lubricant in the ISO standards. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1422-1431, 2017.
- MeSH
- biomimetické materiály chemie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fosfolipidy analýza metabolismus MeSH
- gama-globiny analýza metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lubrikanty chemie MeSH
- náhrada kyčelního kloubu MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- synoviální tekutina chemie metabolismus MeSH
- totální endoprotéza kolene MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The most common oral diseases have a microbial aetiology. Pathogenic bacteria liberate a number of irritating agents including a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that activates pro-inflammatory cytokines promoting increased activity of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN). Release of PMN-derived free radicals into an infected gingival area affects gums, periodontal ligaments and alveolar bone. Berries of Lonicera caerulea L. (blue honeysuckle) are rich in phenolics, particularly phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins that have multiple biological activities in vitro and in vivo such as antiadherence, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Studies have shown that polyphenols suppress a number of LPS-induced signals and thus could be effective against gingivitis. Here we assessed effects of the polyphenolic fraction of L. caerulea fruits (PFLC; containing 77% anthocyanins) on LPS-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts. Application of PFLC (10-50mug/ml) reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion as well as lipid peroxidation in LPS-treated cells. PFLC treatment also inhibited LPS-induced up-regulation of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and it suppressed expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). The effects are presumably linked to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and suggest its use in attenuating the inflammatory process, including periodontal disease.
- MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- cytokiny biosyntéza MeSH
- fenoly analýza MeSH
- fibroblasty účinky léků MeSH
- flavonoidy analýza MeSH
- gingiva cytologie účinky léků MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy toxicita MeSH
- Lonicera chemie MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- polyfenoly MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- zánět metabolismus patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Periodontitis is a chronic disease associated with inflammation of the tooth-supporting tissues. The inflammation is initiated by a group of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. These express a number of irritating factors including a lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which plays a key role in periodontal disease development. Plant extracts with anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties have been shown to inhibit bacterial plaque formation and thus prevent chronic gingivitis. In this study we tested effects of Prunella vulgaris L. extract (PVE; 5, 10, 25microg/ml) and its component rosmarinic acid (RA; 1microg/ml) on LPS-induced oxidative damage and inflammation in human gingival fibroblasts. PVE and RA reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, intracellular glutathione (GSH) depletion as well as lipid peroxidation in LPS-treated cells. Treatment with PVE and RA also inhibited LPS-induced up-regulation of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The results indicate that PVE and RA are able to suppress LPS-induced biological changes in gingival fibroblasts. The effects of PVE and RA are presumably linked to their anti-inflammatory activities and thus use of PVE and RA may be relevant in modulating the inflammation process, including periodontal disease.
- MeSH
- antagonismus léků MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza farmakologie MeSH
- cinnamáty analýza farmakologie MeSH
- depsidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- fibroblasty metabolismus patologie účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- gingiva metabolismus patologie účinky léků MeSH
- glutathion metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy agonisté toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- Prunella chemie MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- viabilita buněk účinky léků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Macleaya cordata (Willd.) (Papaveraceae) is used as an active component in the natural feed additive Sangrovit. Sangrovit contains mixture of the intact aerial parts and the fraction of quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids from M. cordata (FQBA). In a 90-day pilot toxicity trial, Sangrovit and the FQBA were tested for safety. Male Wistar rats were fed for 90 days with 100, 7000 or 14000mg of Sangrovit or 600mg of FQBA in 1kg of feed. Body and organ weights, clinical chemistry and hematology markers, oxidative stress parameters, morphological structure of tongue, liver, ileum, kidney and heart samples, and total cytochrome P450 in liver were monitored. The results showed no statistically significant alterations in any parameter between control and treated animals, except for the group treated with 14000ppm Sangrovit that resulted in elevation of reduced glutathione level and superoxide dismutase activity in liver.
- MeSH
- benzofenantridiny analýza MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- isochinoliny analýza MeSH
- játra enzymologie účinky léků MeSH
- krevní obraz MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata analýza toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- léky rostlinné čínské analýza toxicita MeSH
- oxidační stres účinky léků MeSH
- Papaveraceae chemie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- potravinářské přísady analýza toxicita MeSH
- přijímání potravy MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 analýza metabolismus MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost účinky léků MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- velikost orgánu účinky léků MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids (QBA) sanguinarine and chelerythrine exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities whence they are used in dental care products. Recent studies indicated that cytochrome P450 CYP1A attenuates sanguinarine toxicity both in vivo [Williams, M.K., Dalvi, S., Dalvi, R.R., 2000. Influence of 3-methylcholanthrene pretreatment on sanguinarine toxicity in mice. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 42, 196-198] and in vitro [Vrba, J., Kosina, P., Ulrichová, J., Modrianský, M., 2004. Involvement of cytochrome P450 1A in sanguinarine detoxication. Toxicol. Lett. 151, 375-387]. However, CYP1A converts sanguinarine to the products that form DNA adducts [Stiborová, M., Simánek, V., Frei, E., Hobza, P., Ulrichová, J., 2002. DNA adduct formation from quaternary benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids sanguinarine and chelerythrine as revealed by the 32P-postlabeling technique. Chem. Biol. Interact. 140, 231-242]. In our work we examined the effects of sanguinarine and chelerythrine on CYP1A1 expression and catalytic activity in human hepatoma cells-HepG2. Sanguinarine and chelerythrine did not affect basal and dioxin-inducible expression of CYP1A1 mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells. The enzymatic activity of CYP1A1 was assessed by the fluorescent measurement of 7-ethyxoresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity. We observed a slight decrease of dioxin-induced EROD activity in HepG2 cells by sanguinarine and chelerythrine. This decrease was attributed to the inhibition of CYP1A1 catalytic activity, as revealed by enzyme kinetic studies on recombinant CYP1A1 protein. The IC50 values for the inhibition of CYP1A1 by sanguinarine and chelerythrine were 2.1 and 1.9muM, respectively. In conclusion, albeit the CYP1A modulates QBA cytotoxicity and genotoxicity, the QBA themselves do not affect CYP1A1 expression. The data indicate that studied alkaloids do not have specific cellular target and their biological effects are rather pleiotropic.
- MeSH
- alkaloidy farmakologie MeSH
- benzofenantridiny MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 antagonisté a inhibitory biosyntéza MeSH
- cytochrom P-450 CYP1A2 biosyntéza MeSH
- fenantridiny farmakologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hepatocelulární karcinom enzymologie MeSH
- inhibitory cytochromu P450 CYP1A2 MeSH
- inhibitory enzymů farmakologie MeSH
- isochinoliny MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA biosyntéza MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- nádory jater enzymologie MeSH
- rekombinantní proteiny chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- alkaloidy farmakologie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie MeSH
- apoptóza účinky záření MeSH
- biotransformace MeSH
- fenantridiny farmakologie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- isochinoliny farmakologie chemie toxicita MeSH
- kometový test MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- techniky in vitro MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
