BACKGROUND: The current war in Ukraine has affected the well-being of people worldwide. In order to understand how difficult the situation is, specific stressors associated with war need to be measured. In response, an inventory of war-related stressors including its short form, has been developed. METHODS: A list of potential war-related stressors was created, and the content validity of each item assessed. The list, along with other validated scales, was administered to a representative sample of the Slovak population (effective N = 1851). Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity analysis and network analysis were carried out to determine the optimal scale (long and short form) focused on war-related stressors. RESULTS: The full version of the scale consists of 21 items, further divided into three factors: society-related stressors, person-related stressors, and security-related stressors. The short version of the scale comprises nine items loaded onto one factor. These items cover concerns for one's safety and future, access to necessities, potential worsening of the economic situation, and the risk of conflict escalation, including a nuclear threat. The results of the network analysis indicate that concern about escalation and fear of an economic crisis play a central role. CONCLUSIONS: The scale attempts to encompass a wide spectrum of areas that are affected by war and its potential consequences on individuals who reside outside the conflict zone. Given the complexity of the issue, researchers are invited to modify the scale, tailoring it to specific cultural, geographical, and temporal contexts.

• MeSH
• faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posttraumatická stresová porucha * epidemiologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• strach MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Ukrajina MeSH

The changes in people's mental health have become one of the hot topics during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents have been said to be among the most vulnerable groups in terms of the imposed anti-pandemic measures. The present paper analyzes the trends in mental health indicators in a sample of Slovak parents (N = 363) who participated in four waves of data collection over a year and a half of the COVID-19 pandemic. The mental health indicators were represented by general levels of depression and anxiety as well as COVID-related stress and anxiety. While there were only minor changes in depression and anxiety, the dynamic in COVID-related stress and especially anxiety was more noteworthy. Besides some exceptions, the results hold even after controlling for the socioeconomic situation. The gender differences in the mental health trends were found to be negligible. Overall, we observed no substantial deterioration in the mental health indicators across the four waves of the study.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Documented cases of actinomycosis in archaeological skeletons are very rare, especially from Central Europe. Our contribution will help facilitate the differential diagnosis of this disease for other paleopathologists. MATERIAL: This paper describes a pathological finding of the skeleton of a 40-year-old male from a burial ground in Sady-Špitálky (Czech Republic) dated to the 10th-12th century. METHODS: The affected skeleton was evaluated as a probable case of actinomycosis on the basis of a detailed macroscopic, X-ray and histological examination. The osteolytic foci examined were compared with similar changes caused by tuberculosis, syphilis and mycoses. RESULTS: The character and location of the defect on the mandible is indicative of organ actinomycosis and is also reflected by the lytic lesion observed on a lumbar vertebra. CONCLUSIONS: The described case can be considered one of the very rare paleopathological findings of possible actinomycosis in humans in Central Europe. SIGNIFICANCE: Good evidence of bone actinomycosis findings may be beneficial for further paleopathological and epidemiological studies, especially for research focused on the diachronic development of actinomycosis in Europe. In doing so, all available factors, such as hygiene habits, nutrition, social structure and overall health of the population that could be causally related to its origin, course and treatment, can be taken into account. LIMITATIONS: The mandible of the studied individual was damaged, especially in the area affected by the lesion, so the paleopathological analysis was difficult to perform. SUGGESTION FOR THE FUTURE RESEARCH: In future, actinomycosis in this skeleton may be confirmed by bio-molecular analysis.

• MeSH
• aktinomykóza * diagnóza   dějiny   patologie   MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mandibula patologie   MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Prezentovaná práce je součástí komplexní studie zaměřené na sledování původu a vývoje pediatrické péče na Moravě, jedné ze zemí dřívější Rakouské monarchie. Studie také bere v potaz sociální podmínky jako změny moravského zdravotnictví ve studovaném období v souvislosti s tereziánskými a josefínskými reformami. Novorozenecká úmrtnost byla v té době velmi vysoká, což souviselo i s nedostatkem péče o těhotné ženy. Studie sleduje zdravotní stav a příčiny úmrtí dětí od 13. do 19. století, na základě studia dostupných literárních zdrojů v kontextu paleopatologické analýzy dětských kosterních pozůstatků. Analýza koster dospělých jedinců sledované populace poskytuje dů- kaz vysoké úmrtnosti žen ve věku 20–30 let. Pozornost byla zaměřena na vrozené malformace, metabolická a hematologická onemocnění. Z vrozených malformací potvrdila paleopatologická analýza u dětské populace vývojovou dysplázii kyčelního kloubu a předčasnou obliteraci lebečních švů. Z hematologických a metabolických chorob byla nejčastěji zaznamenány známky anemie ve formě cribra orbitalia a stopy po kurdějích a křivici. Tyto choroby se nejčastěji vyskytovaly u dětí v chudobincích a sirotčincích. Podle literárních zdrojů jejich výskyt vý- znamně vzrůstal v závislosti na válečných událostech provázených hladomorem. Výsledky studie poskytují přímý důkaz výskytu sledovaných dětských nemocí na Moravě v období novověku

The presented study is a part of a complex study focused on monitoring the origin and development of paediatric care in Moravia, one of the countries of the former Austrian monarchy. The work also takes into account the social conditions, as changes in the Moravian healthcare sector occurred in the period under review in connection with the Theresian and Josephine reforms. Neonatal mortality was very high at the time, including, among other things, the lack of care for mothers-to-be. The study observes the state of health and the causes of paediatric mortality from the 13th to the 19th centuries, on the basis of the study of available literary sources within the context of palaeopathological analyses of children‘s skeletal remains. The analysis of adult skeletons of the study population provides evidence of high female mortality between 20-30 years of age. The attention was focused on congenital malformations, metabolic and hematogenic diseases. From congenital malformations, palaeopathological analysis confirmed the developmental dysplasia of the hip and the premature obliteration of cranial sutures in the examined child population. From the haematologic and metabolic diseases, the manifestations of anemia in the form of cribra orbitalia, signs of scurvy and rickets were most frequently reported. These diseases were reported mainly in children in foundling homes and orphanages. According to literary sources, their numbers grew significantly in connection with famine-related war incidents. Therefore, the results of the study provide direct evidence of the occurrence of observed childhood illnesses in Moravia during the period of modern times.

• Klíčová slova
• Morava,
• MeSH
• antropologie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• krevní nemoci dějiny   diagnóza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolické nemoci dějiny   diagnóza   MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• pediatrie * dějiny   MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• ankylóza etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje * etiologie   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fraktury lebky etiologie   komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obličejové kosti * patologie   zranění   MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• rány a poranění komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• tělesné pozůstatky patologie   zranění   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Tuberculosis currently remains a serious medical problem, therefore increased attention is being paid to this disease. Paleopathological studies focused on the monitoring of morbid changes in skeletal remains of historical populations facilitate a detailed study of the development of this disease. They provide direct evidence of the existence of tuberculosis and its past forms. In addition to literary and iconographic sources, the present study is focused on recording the findings of bone tuberculosis in historical osteological sets from the Czech Lands and is the starting point for their detailed review. Approximately 76 cases of bone tuberculosis from the Czech Lands have been published and more or less reliably documented from 20 archeological sites dated back from the Eneolithic to the modern period.

• MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky MeSH
• dějiny 15. století MeSH
• dějiny 16. století MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• tuberkulóza osteoartikulární epidemiologie   dějiny   mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• vakcíny proti tuberkulóze dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 15. století MeSH
• dějiny 16. století MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Československo epidemiologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• tuberkulóza dějiny   epidemiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• historické články MeSH

• MeSH
• anatomie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• růst a vývoj MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH

• Konspekt
• Anatomie člověka a srovnávací anatomie
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• anatomie
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

Symptoms signs of benign and malignant tumors were observed during paleopathological analysis of skeletal remains from the city of Brno in the Czech Republic. Approximately 1,200 skeletons were examined from two Modern era archaeology sites: the Malá Nová ulice (Little New Street) cemetery and the cemetery of the Nemocnice Milosrdných bratrí (Merciful Brothers' Hospital). Osteomas, usually located on the flat bones of the cranial vault, were the most frequent skeletal pathology. Symptoms signs of malignant tumors were observed in three cases. In one case lytic foci caused by the metastases of a malignant tumor in the soft tissue was observed. Traces of myeloma multiplex were found in two individuals. Living conditions in that period, and possible carcinogenic environmental influences were assessed for the general population of Brno. This report contributes to a better understanding of the historical development of cancers and the clarification of possible causes for their modern increase of incidence.

• MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hřbitovy MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory epidemiologie   dějiny   patologie   MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor that exerts an anti-hyperglycaemic effect by preventing degradation of glucagon-like peptide 1 with subsequent β-cell stimulation and potential regeneration. We tested whether sitagliptin therapy in symptomatic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice would lead to changes in the immune cell profile, improve β-cell survival and induce diabetes remission. Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes, immunohistology of the pancreas and DPP-IV activity were investigated in diabetic NOD mice, either treated or non-treated with sitagliptin, at 0, 7, 14 and 28 days after hyperglycaemia onset, and in non-diabetic NOD controls. While compared to diabetic controls sitagliptin prevented increase of the CD8+/CD4+ ratio in pancreatic nodes after four weeks (0.443 ± 0.067 vs. 0.544 ± 0.131; P < 0.05), the population of Tregs in lymph nodes increased from day 0 to 28 in both treated and non-treated diabetic groups (8 ± 1.76 vs. 13.45 ± 5.07 % and 8 ± 1.76 vs. 13.19 ± 5.58 %, respectively). The severity of islet infiltration was similar in both diabetic groups and decreased in parallel with β-cell loss. Surprisingly, sitagliptin blocked the DPP-IV activity only temporarily (on day 7, 277.68 ± 89.2 vs. 547.40 ± 94.04 ng/ml in the diabetic control group) with no apparent effect later on. In conclusion, sitagliptin administered after the onset of overt hyperglycaemia in NOD mice had only a marginal immunological effect and did not lead to diabetes remission. Failure to block DPP-IV over time represents an important finding that requires further explanation.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu farmakoterapie   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• dipeptidylpeptidasa 4 účinky léků   MeSH
• inhibitory dipeptidylpeptidasy 4 krev   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Langerhansovy ostrůvky imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• myši inbrední NOD MeSH
• myši MeSH
• pyraziny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• slezina imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty - podskupiny účinky léků   imunologie   patologie   MeSH
• triazoly farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH