Metastatické nádory varlat jsou relativně dobře léčitelné tumory reagující na chemoterapii na bázi platiny. Zejména v terapii seminomů po primární radikální orchiektomii převládá sledování reziduálních ložisek nebo podání chemoterapie před operačním řešením. Teratomy s malignitou somatického typu jsou ale tumory, které naopak operační léčbu vyžadují. Mohou se vyvinout u pacientů po předchozí terapii cisplatinou, a to jak u seminomů, tak non‐seminomů. Většinou nereagují na chemoterapii a jedinou možností na vyléčení je kompletní resekce všech ložisek tumoru.
Metastatic testicular tumors are relatively well treatable tumors that respond to platinum-based chemotherapy. Especially in the therapy of seminomas after primary radical orchiectomy, monitoring of residual masses and chemotherapy predominate before the surgical approach. However, teratomas with somatic-type malignancy are tumors that require surgical treatment. They may develop in patients with seminomas and non-seminomas after previous cisplatin therapy. They usually do not respond to chemotherapy and the only cure is a complete resection of tumor masses.
Due to the fact that driving vehicles can be complicated or impracticable, a computer simulator is usually used for training and professional studies. The advantage of this approach is high safety, repeatability, easier feasibility and, of course, lower price. In this work we describe the extension of the car simulator developed by the Faculty of Transport CTU in Prague with specific scenarios for evaluating the cognitive abilities of probands, software for their management and evaluation of data from simulator software and other measured physiological variables such as ECG and arm movement. From the data it is then possible to evaluate the mental and physical condition of the proband and the progress of training. Preliminary results suggest the possibility of using Poincaré analysis for the purpose of assessing cognitive load during potential collision situations. It uses distance assessment from other objects involved in traffic situations.
Expansion of methods employed in the kinematic analysis of human movement for diagnosing of the physical and mental health of subjects can be traced back to the 1990`s when new information technologies and electronic recording systems started their development boom. Evaluation methods of body movement for the diagnostics of physical and mental health expanded significantly in clinical practice. This study presents an overview of these methods with the focus on how applicable the analysis of human movement can be in military practice, where they are currently marginally used. The aim of this study is to offer some recommendations on how particular methods could be utilized in an army context. This article also suggests the most appropriate methods of quantitative evaluation for posture and motion control in the course of standing, gait and other activities carried out in military training and active duty.
- MeSH
- analýza chůze MeSH
- biomechanika * MeSH
- kineziologie aplikovaná MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ozbrojené síly MeSH
- postura těla MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The article focuses on designing methods for quantitative assessment of the postural stability in a quiet stance by measuring segments of the appendicular skeleton, namely upper and forearms by inertial measurement units (IMU). Although an array of quantitative analysis methods assessing data of postural stability in the quiet stance exist by measuring the head and trunk movement, these methods have not been used to date to assess the behavior of appendicular skeleton segments, namely the upper limbs. The applicability of methods assessing arm movement during the quiet stance has been verified by comparing the values of healthy subjects performing various stance tasks. The tests determined the quantitative evaluation of acceleration measured on individual anatomical axes. The quantities included: the volume of a convex polyhedron (PV), the volume of confidence ellipsoid (EV) and average velocity (AV) obtained by plotting three accelerations against each other. The most important findings in this study concern significant differences of PV and AV between dominant and non-dominant upper extremities and significant differences of EV, PV and AV between the data measured with a subject';s eyes closed and open. Higher values of indicators were in the non-dominant extremities when subjects were measured with closed eyes. Statistically significant differences between dominant and non-dominant arm movements were documented in PV and AV cases. This is due to the PV calculation being more sensitive to random deviations, i.e. the range of measured data, since the polyhedron bounds all the measured data, as opposed to the method, where the ellipse bounds only 95% of the measured data. In the case of the AV method, it is due to higher sensitivity to movements corresponding with arm tremors; the AV calculation relates not only to the range of measured data but, above all, to the intensity of data changes in the segment measured in a particular space and time interval. These conclusions demonstrate that it is possible to apply the proposed methods in the assessment of arm movement during a quiet stance since the differences between individual stance tasks and the dominant and non-dominant arms in specific cases of quiet stance have been identified. These conclusions also indicate a potentially more extensive medical application of the proposed quantitative data evaluation obtained from IMU, for example, within the rehabilitation process of injured appendicular skeleton segments. The use of cheaper IMU methods in mobile phones or watches can be of significant benefit in measuring the segmental movement of the appendicular skeleton in quiet stance. The methods outlined in this paper have potential in the field of telemedicine.
- MeSH
- kineziologie aplikovaná metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- paže MeSH
- posturální rovnováha * MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
- zrychlení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Endoskopie je minimálně invazivní diagnostická nebo terapeutická metoda. Umožňuje zjištění stavu tělních dutin nebo dutých orgánů za využití tělních otvorů nebo nepřímé cesty. Používají se speciálně upravené rigidní tubusy s optickým systémem tvořeným klasickými čočkami nebo ohebné (flexibilní) přístroje s optickými vlákny. Endoskopy umožňují diagnostiku a terapii různých patologických stavů močových cest, jako jsou nádory, cizí tělesa, obstrukce močových cest. Derivace moči znamená zajištění odtoku moči z organismu jinou než přirozenou cestou. Článek popisuje možnosti jednotlivých druhů endoskopie a derivací moči v urologii a je určen specialistům z jiných oborů a praktickým lékařům a neslouží k detailnímu popisu jednotlivých metod.
Endoscopy is a minimally invasive diagnostic or therapeutic method. It allows to examinate the status of a body cavity or holloworgans using the body openings. Endoscopes are specially modified rigid tubes with an optical system composed of conventionallenses or flexible devices with optical fibers, which allow the diagnosis and therapy of various pathologies of the urinary tract suchas tumors, foreign bodies and urinary tract obstruction. Urinary diversion means urine drainage from the body other than thenatural way. Article describes the different types of endoscopy and urinary diversion in urology and is intended for non-urologyspecialists and GPs and is not used for a detailed description of the methods.
- Klíčová slova
- cystouretroskopie, ureterorenoskopie, epicystostomie,
- MeSH
- cystektomie MeSH
- cystoskopie MeSH
- diverze moči metody MeSH
- endoskopie * metody MeSH
- hyperplazie prostaty diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- laserová terapie MeSH
- ledviny diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory močového měchýře diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- perkutánní nefrostomie MeSH
- stenty MeSH
- ureteroskopie MeSH
- uretra diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- urologické nemoci * diagnostické zobrazování chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The lipophosphoglycan (LPG) of Leishmania major has a major role in the attachment to Phlebotomus papatasi midgut. Here, we investigated the comparative structural features of LPG of L. turanica, another species transmitted by P. papatasi. The mAb WIC 79.3, specific for terminal Gal(β1,3) side-chains, strongly reacted with L. turanica LPG. In contrast, L. turanica LPG was not recognized by arabinose-specific mAb 3F12. In conclusion, LPGs from L. major and L. turanica are similar, with the latter being less arabinosylated than L. major's. The high galactose content in L. turanica LPG is consistent with its predicted recognition by P. papatasi lectin PpGalec.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- glykosfingolipidy chemie genetika metabolismus MeSH
- hmyz - vektory parazitologie MeSH
- Leishmania genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Phlebotomus parazitologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sand flies used to have a reputation for being difficult and labour-intensive to breed. Here we summarize our experience with establishment and maintenance of sand fly colonies and their use for infective experiments: techniques for collection and handling wild-caught females, rearing larvae and adults and experimental infections of sand flies by Leishmania using membrane feeding. In addition, we compare major life cycle parameters between various colonies maintained under standard laboratory conditions. The sand fly rearing is tricky but some species can be reared in large numbers with a minimum of space and equipment. Initiation of new colonies from endemic sites is a prerequisite for accurate studies on parasite-vector interaction but it is more difficult step than routine maintenance of colonies already established in laboratory for many generations.
- MeSH
- hmyz - vektory parazitologie MeSH
- Leishmania patogenita MeSH
- myši MeSH
- Phlebotomus parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Sandflies (Diptera: Phlebotominael are vectors of Leishmania parasites, causative agents of important human and animal diseases with diverse manifestations. This review summarizes present knowledge about the vectorial part of Leishmania life cycle and parasite transmission to the vertebrate host. Particularly, it focuses on molecules that determine the establishment of parasite infection in sandfly midgut. It describes the concept of specific versus permissive sandfly vectors, explains the epidemiological consequences of broad susceptibility of permissive sandflies and demonstrates that genetic exchange may positively affect Leishmania fitness in the vector. Last but not least, the review describes recent knowledge about circulating antibodies produced by hosts in response to sandfly bites. Studies on specificity and kinetics of antibody response revealed that anti-saliva IgG could be used as a marker of host exposure to sandflies, i.e. as a useful tool for evaluation of vector control.
- MeSH
- dezinsekce metody MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hmyz - vektory imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- kousnutí a bodnutí hmyzem MeSH
- Leishmania izolace a purifikace MeSH
- leishmanióza parazitologie prevence a kontrola veterinární MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protilátky analýza MeSH
- Psychodidae imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- sliny imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Vyd. 1. 318 s. : il., tab. ; 24 cm
Parazitismus patří k nejčastějším životním strategiím živých organismů. V popředí našeho zájmu stojí především paraziti napadající člověka a domácí či hospodářská zvířata. Mezi parazity patří i řada přenašečů infekčních chorob. Ačkoli by se zdálo, že nebezpečí těchto infekcí hrozí zejména v tropech a subtropech, setkáváme se s nimi často i v mírném klimatickém pásmu. Díky novým, zejména molekulárně biologickým technikám je parazitologie moderním a bouřlivě se rozvíjejícím oborem. Nová učebnice základů tohoto oboru je zaměřena především na biologii parazitů (např. morfologii, anatomii, fyziologii, životní cykly, interakce parazita s hostitelem), s nezbytnými základními informacemi o průběhu parazitárních onemocnění, epidemiologii a léčbě.
- MeSH
- paraziti MeSH
- parazitologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- monografie MeSH
- Konspekt
- Buněčná biologie. Cytologie
- NLK Obory
- parazitologie
- biologie
