Inherited thrombocytopenias (ITs) encompass a group of rare disorders characterized by diminished platelet count. Recent advancements have unveiled various forms of IT, with inherited thrombocytopenia 2 (THC2) emerging as a prevalent subtype associated with germline variants in the critical 5' untranslated region of the ANKRD26 gene. This region is crucial in regulating the gene expression of ANKRD26, particularly in megakaryocytes. THC2 is an autosomal dominant disorder presenting as mild-to-moderate thrombocytopenia with minimal symptoms, with an increased risk of myeloproliferative malignancies. In our study of a family with suspected IT, three affected individuals harbored the c.-118C>T ANKRD26 variant, while four healthy members carried the c.-140C>G ANKRD26 variant. We performed a functional analysis by studying platelet-specific ANKRD26 gene expression levels using quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction. Functional analysis of the c.-118C>T variant showed a significant increase in ANKRD26 expression in affected individuals, supporting its pathogenicity. On the contrary, carriers of the c.-140C>G variant exhibited normal platelet counts and no significant elevation in the ANKRD26 expression, indicating the likely benign nature of this variant. Our findings provide evidence confirming the pathogenicity of the c.-118C>T ANKRD26 variant in THC2 and suggest the likely benign nature of the c.-140C>G variant.
- MeSH
- 5' nepřekládaná oblast * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezibuněčné signální peptidy a proteiny MeSH
- rodokmen * MeSH
- trombocytopenie * genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The CYCS gene is highly evolutionarily conserved, with only a few pathogenic variants that cause thrombocytopenia-4 (THC4). Here, we report a novel CYCS variant NM_018947.6: c.59C>T [NP_061820.1:p.(Thr20Ile)] segregating with thrombocytopenia in three generations of a Czech family. The phenotype of the patients corresponds to THC4 with platelets of normal size and morphology and dominant inheritance. Intriguingly, a gradual decline in platelet counts was observed across generations. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing was used to introduce the new CYCS gene variant into a megakaryoblast cell line (MEG-01). Subsequently, the adhesion, shape, size, ploidy, viability, mitochondrial respiration, cytochrome c protein (CYCS) expression, cell surface antigen expression and caspase activity were analysed in cells carrying the studied variant. Interestingly, the variant decreases the expression of CYCS while increasing mitochondrial respiration and the expression of CD9 cell surface antigen. Surprisingly, the variant abates caspase activation, contrasting with previously known effects of other CYCS variants. Some reports indicate that caspases may be involved in thrombopoiesis; thus, the observed dysregulation of caspase activity might contribute to thrombocytopenia. The findings significantly enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inherited thrombocytopenia and may have implications for diagnosis, prognosis and future targeted therapies.
- MeSH
- kaspasy * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- trombocytopenie * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Východiska: Molekulární klasifikace přináší zásadní změny do diagnosticko-léčebného algoritmu u pacientek s karcinomem endometria (endometrial cancer – EC). Cílem sdělení je analýza prvních zkušeností se zavedením molekulárního testování do reálné klinické praxe. Materiál a metody: Od května 2021 je ve FN Brno u všech pacientek s nově diagnostikovaným EC v rámci standardního histopatologického vyšetření stanovován také imunohistochemicky status proteinů p53 a mismatch repair (MMR). U tumorů nesplňujících klinická kritéria pro nízké riziko a vždy při průkazu deficience MMR nebo mutace p53 je prováděno také molekulárně genetické testování genu POLE. U každé pacientky je vyhodnoceno riziko recidivy podle nejnovějších guidelines z roku 2020 a na jeho základě doporučen další postup. Všem pacientkám s MMR-deficientními tumory a/nebo pozitivní rodinnou anamnézou je doporučena také genetická konzultace. Výsledky: Do analýzy bylo od května 2021 do května 2022 zařazeno celkem 85 pacientek s mediánem věku 66 let. MMR-deficientní tumory mělo 22 pacientek (26 %) a p53-mutované tumory 8 pacientek (9 %). U žádné ze 40 pacientek v nenízkém riziku s provedenou analýzou mutačního stavu genu POLE nebyl prokázán ultramutovaný typ tumoru. Celkem 46 (51 %) pacientek mělo v době diagnózy nízké riziko, 2 pacientky (2 %) střední, 14 pacientek (16 %) vyšší střední a 20 pacientek (24 %) vysoké riziko recidivy. Celkem 6 pacientek (7 %) bylo diagnostikováno s pokročilým nebo metastatickým onemocněním. Medián doby od operace po projednání na multidisciplinární komisi byl 21 dní (8–36). Celkem 76 pacientek (90 %) absolvovalo léčbu v plném rozsahu v souladu s rizikem recidivy. Z 18 pacientek s dostupnými výsledky genetického vyšetření byla u 4 (22 %) prokázána hereditární forma onemocnění. Závěr: Racionálně indikované molekulární testování kombinující imunohistochemické analýzy proteinů MMR i p53 u všech pacientek s EC a sekvenační analýzu genu POLE u pacientek v nenízkém riziku recidivy je v běžné praxi proveditelné a neprodlužuje dobu nutnou pro rozhodnutí o adjuvantní léčbě.
Background: Molecular classification has brought significant changes in the management of endometrial cancer (EC). In this article, we aim to analyze our first experience with an implementation of molecular testing into daily clinical practice. Materials and methods: In all newly diagnosed EC, the status of mismatch repair (MMR) and p53 proteins has been evaluated immunohistochemically as a part of the routine histopathological examination since May 2021. In tumors that do not meet clinical criteria for a low risk and those with MMR deficiency or p53 mutation, the molecular genetic testing of the POLE gene is performed as well. Recommendations for adjuvant treatment or follow-up are subsequently made based on the risk of recurrence. Genetic counselling is proposed to all patients with MMR-deficient tumors or family history of cancer. Results: A total of 85 patients with newly diagnosed EC between May 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled in the analysis. The median age was 66 years. The results of molecular testing were as follows: 22 (26%) MMR-deficient, 8 (9%) p53-mutated and none POLE-ultramutated of those 40 tumors with performed POLE sequencing. A total of 46 (51%) patient had a low risk, 2 (2%) intermediate, 14 (16%) high-intermediate and 20 (24%) patients had a high risk of recurrence. Advanced or metastatic diseases were diagnosed in 6 (7%) patients. The median time between surgery and multidisciplinary tumor board decision was 21 days (8–36). A total of 76 (90%) patients underwent the whole treatment plan according to the recurrence risk. At the time of analysis, the results of genetic testing were available in 18 patients and revealed 4 (22%) carriers of a pathogenic variant in any of the genes associated with Lynch syndrome. Conclusion: Molecular testing combining immunohistochemical analyses of MMR and p53 proteins in all newly diagnosed EC patients with sequencing analysis of POLE in those with non-low-risk disease is feasible and does not prolong the time needed for treatment decision.
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární metody MeSH
- geny p53 MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory endometria * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Telomeropathies are associated with a wide range of diseases and less common combinations of various pulmonary and extrapulmonary disorders. CASE PRESENTATION: In proband with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, whole exome sequencing revealed a germline heterozygous variant of CTC1 gene (c.1360delG). This "frameshift" variant results in a premature stop codon and is classified as likely pathogenic/pathogenic. So far, this gene variant has been described in a heterozygous state in adult patients with hematological diseases such as idiopathic aplastic anemia or paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, but also in interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Described CTC1 gene variant affects telomere length and leads to telomeropathies. CONCLUSIONS: In our case report, we describe a rare case of coincidence of pulmonary fibrosis and hematological malignancy caused by a germline gene mutation in CTC1. Lung diseases and hematologic malignancies associated with short telomeres do not respond well to standard treatment.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
INTRODUCTION: In contrast with the well-known and described deletion of the 22q11 chromosome region responsible for DiGeorge syndrome, 22q12 deletions are much rarer. Only a few dozen cases have been reported so far. This region contains genes responsible for cell cycle control, chromatin modification, transmembrane signaling, cell adhesion, and neural development, as well as several cancer predisposition genes. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a patient with cleft palate, sensorineural hearing loss, vestibular dysfunction, epilepsy, mild to moderate intellectual disability, divergent strabism, pes equinovarus, platyspondylia, and bilateral schwannoma. Using Microarray-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH), we identified the de novo 3.8 Mb interstitial deletion at 22q12.1→22q12.3. We confirmed deletion of the critical NF2 region by MLPA analysis. DISCUSSION: Large 22q12 deletion in the proband encases the critical NF2 region, responsible for development of bilateral schwannoma. We compared the phenotype of the patient with previously reported cases. Interestingly, our patient developed cleft palate even without deletion of the MN1 gene, deemed responsible in previous studies. We also strongly suspect the DEPDC5 gene deletion to be responsible for seizures, consistent with previously reported cases.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a rare inherited disorder characterized by unusually large platelets, low platelet count, and prolonged bleeding time. BSS is usually inherited in an autosomal recessive (AR) mode of inheritance due to a deficiency of the GPIb-IX-V complex also known as the von Willebrand factor (VWF) receptor. We investigated a family with macrothrombocytopenia, a mild bleeding tendency, slightly lowered platelet aggregation tests, and suspected autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance. We have detected a heterozygous GP1BA likely pathogenic variant, causing monoallelic BSS. A germline GP1BA gene variant (NM_000173:c.98G > A:p.C33Y), segregating with the macrothrombocytopenia, was detected by whole-exome sequencing. In silico analysis of the protein structure of the novel GPIbα variant revealed a potential structural defect, which could impact proper protein folding and subsequent binding to VWF. Flow cytometry, immunoblot, and electron microscopy demonstrated further differences between p.C33Y GP1BA carriers and healthy controls. Here, we provide a detailed insight into its clinical presentation and phenotype. Moreover, the here described case first presents an mBSS patient with two previous ischemic strokes.
- MeSH
- alely * MeSH
- Bernardův-Soulierův syndrom krev diagnóza genetika MeSH
- fenotyp * MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci * MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- genetické asociační studie MeSH
- imunofenotypizace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutační analýza DNA MeSH
- počet trombocytů MeSH
- rodokmen MeSH
- trombocytopenie krev diagnóza MeSH
- trombocytový glykoproteinový komplex Ib-IX genetika metabolismus MeSH
- trombocyty metabolismus ultrastruktura MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Dědičné neutropenie (DN) patří mezi geneticky podmíněná onemocnění, která mohou být diagnostikována i v dospělém věku. DN se v dospělosti manifestuje spíše lehkými formami neutropenie a cytopenie. Případné další klinické příznaky bývají mírnější ve srovnání s DN diagnostikovanými u dětí. Molekulárně genetickou analýzou, zejména exomovým sekvenováním, bylo v různých genech identifikováno mnoho patogenních mutací zodpovídajících za fenotyp DN. Mutace některých těchto genů zároveň pacienty predisponuje ke zvýšenému riziku rozvoje myelodysplastického syndromu či akutní myeloidní leukemie. Správná strategie sledování pacientů, genetické poradenství a stanovení optimálního postupu léčby mohou poté významně ovlivnit prognózu tohoto onemocnění.
Congenital neutropenias (CNs) are a group of genetic disorders that may even be diagnosed in adulthood. In such cases, they manifest most often as mild neutropenia and cytopenia and other clinical symptoms tend to be less pronounced compared to CN diagnosed in childhood. Several gene variants responsible for the CN phenotype have been identified by molecular genetic approaches, especially by exome sequencing. Mutations of some of these genes also increase the risk of patients developing myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myeloid leukaemia. Proper patient monitoring strategies, genetic counselling and optimal treatment protocols can substantially affect the prognosis of these disorders.
- Klíčová slova
- varianty genů,
- MeSH
- genetické nemoci vrozené MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutropenie * genetika MeSH
- sekvenování exomu MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
