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Screening představuje významný preventivní nástroj pediatrie. Svou povahou spadá do prevence sekundární. Zahrnuje celoplošné, pravidelné, ministerstvem zdravotnictví definované (formou vyhlášky či metodického pokynu) screeningy, jmenovitě novorozenecký laboratorní screening, vyhledávání vývojové dysplazie kyčlí, vrozených a získaných sluchových vad, oftalmoskopické vyšetření k odhalení kongenitální katarakty a systém pravidelných preventivních prohlídek praktickým lékařem pro děti a dorost. Existují i další screeningová vyšetření, která však zatím nejsou důsledně celoplošná, například u novorozenců a kojenců ultrazvukové vyšetření vývojových vad urotraktu či vyhledávání kritických srdečních vad měřením saturace krve kyslíkem. Předkládaný článek pojednává o obecné úloze screeningu v pediatrii, jeho principech, metodách a rizicích.

Screening is an important preventive tool of paediatrics and secondary prevention. It includes nation-wide, regular, Ministry of Health-defined (in the form of decree or methodological guidance) screenings, namely neonatal laboratory screening, ultrasound screening for developmental hip dysplasia, congenital deafnees, ophthalmoscopic examination to detect congenital cataracts, and system of regular preventive appointments by a general practitioner for children and adolescents. There are other screening examinations, which are not yet consistently full-scale, for example in newborns and infant kidney´s ultrasound examination or measuring blood oxygen saturation to detect of critical heart defects. This article discusses the general role of screening in paediatrics, its principles, methods and risks.

Článek

Primární ciliární dyskineze

Vox pediatriae. 2024 ; 24 (4) : 23-25.

Vox pediatr.
ISSN 1213-2241
Medvik
Zdroj

MeSH
biopsie MeSH
bronchoskopie MeSH
dítě MeSH
lidé MeSH
poruchy ciliární motility * diagnostické zobrazování farmakoterapie patologie terapie MeSH
rizikové faktory MeSH
ukazatele zdravotního stavu MeSH
Check Tag
dítě MeSH
lidé MeSH
ženské pohlaví MeSH
Publikační typ
kazuistiky MeSH

Článek

Autodidaktický test 4/2024

David, Jan
Autor Autorita

Vox pediatriae. 2024 ; 24 (4) : 38.

Vox pediatr.
ISSN 1213-2241
Medvik
Zdroj

Publikační typ
výukové testy MeSH

Článek

Serological responses to vaccination in children exposed in utero to ustekinumab or vedolizumab: cross-sectional analysis of a prospective multicentre cohort

European journal of pediatrics. 2024 ; 183 (10) : 4243-4251. [pub] 20240718

Eur J Pediatr
ISSN 1432-1076
Medvik
Zdroj

Evidence on serological responses to vaccination in children exposed to ustekinumab (UST) or vedolizumab (VDZ) in utero is lacking. This multicentre prospective study aimed to assess the impact of prenatal exposure to UST or VDZ due to maternal inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on serological responses to vaccination and other immunological parameters in exposed children. Children aged ≥ 1 year who were exposed in utero to UST or VDZ and completed at least 1-year of mandatory vaccination were included. We assessed the serological response to vaccination (non-live: tetanus, diphtheria, and Haemophilus influenzae B; live: mumps, rubella, and measles), whole blood count, and immunoglobulin levels. The control group comprised unexposed children born to mothers without IBD. A total of 23 children (median age, 25 months) exposed to UST (n = 13) or VDZ (n = 10) and 10 controls (median age, 37 months) were included. The serological response to vaccination was comparable between the UST and VDZ groups and controls, with an adequate serological response rate of ≥ 80%. Only children exposed to UST showed a slightly reduced serological response to mumps (67% vs. 86% in controls), whereas all children exposed to VDZ showed an adequate response. The majority of the exposed children had normal levels of individual immunoglobulin classes, similar to the controls. No severe pathology was observed in any of the children.Conclusion: Despite the limited sample size, our findings suggest that in utero exposure to VDZ or UST does not significantly impair the vaccine response or broader immunological parameters in exposed children.

Článek

Newborn screening-detected 21-hydroxylase deficiency: growth pattern is not associated with the genotype

Minerva pediatrics. 2024 ; 76 (1) : 24-29. [pub] 20200605

Minerva Pediatr (Torino)
ISSN 2724-5780
Medvik
Zdroj

BACKGROUND: Normalizing growth in children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD-CAH) requires a long-term maintenance of a fragile balance between hydrocortisone (HC) replacement and androgen suppression. The growth pattern in children with 21OHD-CAH diagnosed by clinical symptoms has been evaluated in numerous retrospective studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate growth of patients with 21OHD-CAH detected by newborn screening (NBS), prior to clinical symptoms. METHODS: Nation-wide NBS for 21OHD-CAH was implemented in the Czech Republic in 2006. Since then, 1,317,987 neonates were screened (2006-2017) and 21OHD-CAH was confirmed in 108 patients. Growth was evaluated as height-standard deviation score (SDS) at regular time-points, related to bone age and compared to recent population standards. In 88 patients, available data allowed long-term evaluation of growth, HC and fludrocortisone doses (in half-year intervals), with a median observation period of ten years. RESULTS: Body height in affected children was shorter between years 1-9 of life with a nadir at age 1-3 years. Their height did not differ from general population at the age 10-12 years. There were not found differences according to 21OHD-CAH severity. CONCLUSIONS: NBS is an effective secondary prevention tool for the early detection of 21OHD-CAH which improves growth patterns. A significant growth deceleration was observed during infancy and early childhood periods but with following height normalization. Growth pattern was not associated with the genotype of 21OHD, if patients have been detected by NBS.