Characterization of PCB exposure sources for vulnerable population groups is essential to minimize the health effects of PCB exposure. At the same time, it is important to consolidate the knowledge on threshold intakes of PCBs for infants and toddlers to prevent health effects. We estimated total PCB concentrations from birth to 2 years of age in children from Slovak and Czech populations, which continue to have high PCB concentrations in breast milk. Using a pharmacokinetic (PK) model, we characterized dominant PCB exposure sources and estimated new threshold estimated daily intakes (TEDI) (above which adverse effects cannot be excluded) for postnatal PCB exposure in infants and toddlers. In the PK model, concentrations of seven indicator PCBs in breast milk and cord blood samples from 291 mother-child pairs from the Slovak birth cohort, and 396 breast milk samples from Czech mothers we used, together with their physiological characteristics and PCB concentrations from other exposure sources (food, dust, air). The estimated total PCB concentrations in children's blood at different ages were compared with threshold PCB concentrations of 500, 700 and 1000 ng·glipid-1 in serum proposed by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES) and the German Environment Agency (UBA), above which possible adverse health effects may be expected. We estimated that up to 20.6% of Slovak children and up to 45.7% of Czech children at two years of age exceeded the threshold value of 700 ng·glipid-1 in blood. Mean TEDIs leading to values of 500 ng·glipid-1 in blood for children up to two years ranged between 110 and 220 ng·kg-1·bw·day-1, varying according to breastfeeding duration. Breast milk and prenatal exposure contributed to 71%-85% of PCBs exposure at two years of age. In contrast, the contributions of PCBs from dust and indoor air were negligible.
- MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojení MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí * analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipidy MeSH
- mateřské mléko chemie MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv * MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly * analýza MeSH
- prach MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Within our research project, 34 river bottom sediments were collected in 2006-2007 at five areas across Slovakia with industrial sources of persistent organic pollutants (Košice, Krompachy, Nemecká, Šala, Nováky) and one background area (Starina). Sediments were analyzed for seven 2,3,7,8-substituted polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and 10 dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 12 dioxin-like and 6 indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 1,1,1,-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane (p,p'-DDT) with 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethylene (p,p'-DDE). Analytical procedure based on accelerated solvent extraction followed by a semi-automated clean-up and fractionation was used. Determination of target compounds was performed by HRGC-HRMS analysis. Total WHO toxic equivalent WHO1998-PCDD/F/dl-PCB-TEQ concentrations ranged from 0.26 to 559 pg TEQ g(-1) dry matter (dm), with a median 2.2 pg TEQ g(-1) dm. The sums of six indicator PCBs were in the range 0.56-1014 ng g(-1) dm, with a median 11.8 ng g(-1) dm. The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides HCB and p,p'-DDE/DDT varied from 0.15 to 34.8 ng g(-1) dm, with a median 0.91 ng g(-1) dm and 0.46-34.1 ng g(-1)dm, with a median 6.7 ng g(-1)dm, respectively. The most abundant congeners in all sediment samples among dioxins, furans and PCBs were OCDD, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF, PCB-118 and PCB-153.
- MeSH
- benzofurany analýza MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- dichlordifenyldichlorethylen analýza MeSH
- geologické sedimenty chemie MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
- pesticidy analýza MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza MeSH
- polychlorované dibenzodioxiny analogy a deriváty analýza MeSH
- polymery analýza MeSH
- řeky chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Objective. This study was aimed to evaluate possible obesogenic and diabetogenic impact of highly increased serum level of persistent organochlorinated pollutants POPs, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiethyl-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), and hexachlorobenzene (HCB), on the level of obesity markers (cholesterol and triglyceride level in serum, and body mass index [BMI]) and diabetes markers (fasting glucose and fasting insulin in serum) in inhabitans of Eastern Slovakia. Methods. In young (21-40 years) males (n=248) and females (n=330) as well as in old (41-75 years) males (n=586) and females (n=889), the serum levels of 15 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (Σ15PCBs), p,p'-DDE and HCB, and serum insulin, testosterone, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels have been estimated by high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and by the appropriate electrochemiluminiscent immunoassay or chemical methods, respectively. Results. In both age groups of males and females, the levels of Σ15PCBs, p,p'-DDE, and HCB were very high and their mutual interrelations were highly significant (p<0.01). However, it should be noted that no significant changes were found in individual variables related to very high level of Σ15PCBs, except of increased BMI (p>0.05) in females. In all ages and gender groups, defined above general as related to increasing level of individual OCPs in individual age and gender groups, significant increase in cholesterol and triglyceride levels as well as BMI values, supported their obesogenic effect, while significant increase in fasting glucose and insulin in serum, supported their diabetogenic effect. Finally, highly significant decrease in testosterone level, as found in both young and old males, supported the antiandrogenic effect, namely of HCB. However, somewhat less of p,p'-DDE, while PCBs did not show any such effect in spite of their very high level. Conclusions. Highly increased blood levels of diabetes (fasting glucose and insulin) and obesity markers (cholesterol, triglyceride and BMI) were found in large groups of males and females in highly polluted area of Slovakia. Significant decrease in testosterone level was also observed in males.
- MeSH
- chlorované uhlovodíky analýza krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu * epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- dichlordifenyldichlorethylen analýza krev MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hexachlorbenzen analýza krev MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza krev MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie metabolismus MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza krev MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Cieľ: Zistiť, či sérová hladina PCB závisí od génového polymorfizmu v oblasti GSTs génov. Materiál a metódy: V skupine 147 mužov (112 s priemerným vekom 59,1 ± 10,1 a sérovou hladinou PCB > 1 000 ng/g tuku – PCB1 a 35 s priemerným vekom 56,2 ± 12,9 a sérovou hladinou PCB < 700 ng/g tuku – PCB2) sa PCR‐RLFP analýzou DNA zisťoval génový polymorfizmus v oblasti GSTs génov. Výsledky: Vo vzťahu k PCB sa zistila asociácia medzi sérovými koncentráciami PCB a null genotypom GSTT1 génu. Muži nad mediánom hodnôt PCB mali signifikantne častejšie genotyp GSTT1 null v porovnaní s mužmi pod mediánom PCB hodnôt, a to aj v súbore PCB1, aj v súbore PCB2. V súbore PCB1 zvyšovala prítomnosť GSTT1 null genotypu riziko vysokých hladín PCB 11násobne, v súbore PCB2 4násobne (p < 0,001). V súbore PCB2 sa zistila aj asociácia GSTP1 Val/Val genotypu s vyššími hladinami PCB. Riziko vysokých hladín PCB pre jedincov s genotypom Val/Val bolo 5násobne vyššie oproti nosičom alely Ile (p < 0,001). GSTM1 genotyp nebol asociovaný so sérovými koncentráciami PCB ani v jednom zo súborov. Záver: Asociácia vysokých hladín PCB s GSTT1 null a GSTP1 Val/Val predpokladá, že škodlivé účinky závisia nielen od prijatého množstva PCB, ale aj od schopnosti organizmu tieto látky detoxikovať. Jedinci žijúci v rovnakom prostredí sú preto rozdielne ohrození vznikom ochorení pri expozícii PCB. Polymorfizmus v oblasti GSTTl génu (GSTT1 null) by mohol byť potenciálny genetický rizikový marker.
Objective: To find out whether the serum PCB level depends on genetic polymorphism in the area of GSTs genes. Material and methods: In the group of 147 men (112 with an average age of 59.1 ± 10.1 and serum PCB level >1,000 ng/g lipid – PCB1, and 35 with an average age of 56.2 ± 12.9 and serum PCB level < 700 ng/g lipid – PCB2), the PCR‐RLFP analysis of DNA was used to determine the genetic polymorphism in the area of GSTs genes. Results: As regards PCB, an association was found between serum PCB concentrations and the null genotype of GSTT1 gene. Men above the median PCB levels displayed, with significantly greater frequency, the null genotype GSTT1 compared to men below the median PCB levels, both in the PCB1 set and in the PCB2 set. In the PCB1 set, the presence of the null genotype GSTT1 increased the risk of high PCB levels 11–fold, in the PCB2 set 4–fold (p < 0.001). In the PCB2 set, an association was also discovered between GSTP1 Val/Val genotype and higher PCB levels. The risk of high PCB levels in the individuals with the Val/Val genotype was 5–fold higher than in the carriers of the Ile allele (p < 0.001). In neither set was the GSTM1 genotype associated with serum PCB concentrations. Conclusion: The association between high PCB levels and the GSTT1 null and GSTP1 Val/Val suggests that harmful effects depend not only on the intake amounts of PCB but also on the ability of the organism to detoxify these substances. Individuals living in the same environment are therefore at different risks of developing a disease when exposed to PCB. Polymorphism in the area of GSTTl gene (GSTT1 null) could be a potential genetic risk marker.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endokrinní disruptory MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- glutathion-S-transferasa fí MeSH
- kontaminace potravin MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sérum MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza krev škodlivé účinky MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- štítná žláza chemie účinky léků MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- MeSH
- autoprotilátky krev MeSH
- diabetes mellitus chemie MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- glutamát dekarboxyláza imunologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci z povolání epidemiologie chemie MeSH
- polychlorované bifenyly analýza imunologie MeSH
- pracovní expozice škodlivé účinky MeSH
- xenobiotika otrava MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- MeSH
- látky znečišťující vzduch analýza MeSH
- polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
