Very low carbohydrate high fat (VLCHF) diet and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are widely utilized for weight reduction and cardiorespiratory fitness improvement, respectively. To assess the acceptability of these approaches, it is essential to examine mental health-related indicators. This secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial investigated the isolated and synergistic effects of VLCHF and HIIT on mental health-related indicators in individuals with excessive weight or obesity. Sixty-eight participants (age = 42 ± 10.2; 20-60 years; BMI = 29.8 ± 3.7) were analysed across four groups: HIIT (n = 15, 4 males, 11 females), VLCHF (n = 19, 4 males, 15 females), VLCHF + HIIT (n = 19, 4 males, 15 females), and control (n = 15, 4 males, 11 females). The 12-week intervention, involved VLCHF diet or HIIT sessions, depending on group affiliation and completing online questionnaires via Qualtrics software before and after the intervention. The questionnaires included the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) for mental (MHS) and physical health scores (PHS), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, we found no significant differences in mental health-related indicators between groups after 12 weeks, except for SWLS (p = 0.031; ES = 0.133; medium), which improved significantly in the VLCHF + HIIT group compared to the HIIT group. Our findings indicate that HIIT and VLCHF, alone or combined, do not significantly affect mental health-related indicators.
- MeSH
- dieta s omezením sacharidů * metody MeSH
- dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- duševní zdraví * MeSH
- hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- obezita * MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- vysoce intenzivní intervalový trénink * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The purpose of the study was to determine whether running is associated with greater bone mineral density (BMD) by comparing the BMD of regularly active male runners (AR) with inactive nonrunner male controls (INC). This cross-sectional study recruited 327 male AR and 212 male INC (aged 18-65) via a stratified recruitment strategy. BMD of the whole body (WB) and partial segments (spine, lumbar spine (LS), leg, hip, femoral neck (FN), and arm for each side) were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and lower leg dominance (dominant-D/nondominant-ND) was established by functional testing. An ANCOVA was used to compare AR and INC. The AR had greater BMD for all segments of the lower limb (p<0.05), but similar BMD for all segments of the upper limb (p>0.05) compared with INC. Based on the pairwise comparison of age groups, AR had greater BMD of the ND leg in every age group compared with INC (p<0.05). AR had grater BMD of the D leg in every age group except for (26-35 and 56-65) compare with INC (p<0.05). In the youngest age group (18-25), AR had greater BMD in every measured part of lower extremities (legs, hips, femoral necks) compared with INC (p<0.05). In the 46-55 age group AR had greater BMD than INC (p < 0.05) only in the WB, D Leg, D neck, and ND leg. In the 56-65 age group AR had greater BMD than INC (p<0.05) only in the ND leg. Overall, AR had greater BMD compared with INC in all examined sites except for the upper limbs, supporting the notion that running may positively affect bone parameters. However, the benefits differ in the skeletal sites specifically, as the legs had the highest BMD difference between AR and INC. Moreover, the increase in BMD from running decreased with age.
- MeSH
- absorpční fotometrie * MeSH
- bederní obratle fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- běh * fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kostní denzita * fyziologie MeSH
- krček femuru diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
BACKGROUND: The escalating global prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes presents a major public health challenge. Physical activity plays a critical role in managing (pre)diabetes; however, adherence to physical activity recommendations remains low. The ENERGISED trial was designed to address these challenges by integrating mHealth tools into the routine practice of general practitioners, aiming for a significant, scalable impact in (pre)diabetes patient care through increased physical activity and reduced sedentary behaviour. METHODS: The mHealth intervention for the ENERGISED trial was developed according to the mHealth development and evaluation framework, which includes the active participation of (pre)diabetes patients. This iterative process encompasses four sequential phases: (a) conceptualisation to identify key aspects of the intervention; (b) formative research including two focus groups with (pre)diabetes patients (n = 14) to tailor the intervention to the needs and preferences of the target population; (c) pre-testing using think-aloud patient interviews (n = 7) to optimise the intervention components; and (d) piloting (n = 10) to refine the intervention to its final form. RESULTS: The final intervention comprises six types of text messages, each embodying different behaviour change techniques. Some of the messages, such as those providing interim reviews of the patients' weekly step goal or feedback on their weekly performance, are delivered at fixed times of the week. Others are triggered just in time by specific physical behaviour events as detected by the Fitbit activity tracker: for example, prompts to increase walking pace are triggered after 5 min of continuous walking; and prompts to interrupt sitting following 30 min of uninterrupted sitting. For patients without a smartphone or reliable internet connection, the intervention is adapted to ensure inclusivity. Patients receive on average three to six messages per week for 12 months. During the first six months, the text messaging is supplemented with monthly phone counselling to enable personalisation of the intervention, assistance with technical issues, and enhancement of adherence. CONCLUSIONS: The participatory development of the ENERGISED mHealth intervention, incorporating just-in-time prompts, has the potential to significantly enhance the capacity of general practitioners for personalised behavioural counselling on physical activity in (pre)diabetes patients, with implications for broader applications in primary care.
OBJECTIVE: The menopausal transition is accompanied by transient symptoms that have been linked to subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD); CVD has also been linked to air pollution. Physical activity (PA) reduces CVD, improves body composition, and can reduce menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the links between PA and menopausal symptoms and whether obesity, fitness, and air pollution status play a role in this relationship. METHODS: Women (40-60 y; N = 243; mean [SD] age, 47.8 [5.6] y) from areas with high versus low air pollution enrolled in the Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment Program 4 prospective cohort study completed psychological, cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and menopausal status screening followed by a 14-day prospective assessment of menopausal symptoms (Menopause Rating Scale) using a mobile application. Daily PA was assessed objectively across 14 days via Fitbit Charge 3 monitor. General linear mixed models were conducted and controlled for age, menopausal status, day in the study, wear time, and neuroticism. RESULTS: Peri/postmenopausal women ( β = 0.43, P < 0.001) and those residing in a high-air-pollution environment ( β = 0.45, P < 0.05) reported more somatovegetative symptoms. Hot flashes alone were associated with peri/postmenopausal status ( β = 0.45, P < 0.001), and for women residing in a high-air-pollution environment, lower reporting of hot flashes was observed on days when a woman was more physically active than usual ( β = -0.15, P < 0.001). No associations were found for cardiorespiratory fitness and visceral fat with any of the symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: PA may enhance resilience to hot flashes, especially when residing in high-air-pollution environments where we also observed higher reporting of somatovegetative menopausal symptoms.
- MeSH
- cvičení MeSH
- kardiovaskulární nemoci * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- menopauza psychologie MeSH
- návaly psychologie MeSH
- obezita MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Despite the ever-increasing offering of SMART technologies (ie, computer-controlled devices acting intelligently and capable of monitoring, analyzing or reporting), a wide gap exists between the development of new technological innovations and their adoption in everyday care for older adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the barriers and concerns related to the adoption of SMART technologies among different groups of stakeholders. METHODS: Data from 4 sources were used: semistructured in-person or internet-based interviews with professional caregivers (n=12), structured email interviews with experts in the area of aging (n=9), a web-based survey of older adults (>55 years) attending the Virtual University of the Third Age (n=369), and a case study on the adoption of new technology by an older adult care facility. RESULTS: Although all stakeholders noted the potential of SMART technologies to improve older adult care, multiple barriers to their adoption were identified. Caregivers perceived older adults as disinterested or incompetent in using technology, reported preferring known strategies over new technologies, and noted own fears of using technology. Experts viewed technologies as essential but expressed concerns about cost, low digital competency of older adults, and lack of support or willingness to implement technologies in older adult care. Older adults reported few concerns overall, but among the mentioned concerns were lack of ability or interest, misuse of data, and limited usefulness (in specific subgroups or situations). In addition, older adults' ratings of the usefulness of different technologies correlated with their self-rating of digital competency (r=0.258; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults appeared to have more positive views of various technologies than professional caregivers; however, their concerns varied by the type of technology. Lack of competence and lack of support were among the common themes, suggesting that educationally oriented programs for both older adults and their caregivers should be pursued.
- MeSH
- elektronická pošta MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí MeSH
- strach MeSH
- technologie * MeSH
- zlepšení kvality * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Many authors consider running to be a protective physical activity (PA) in bone health. However, many studies also show inconsistencies in their results. The objective of the study is to analyze the effect of cumulative loading rate (TCL) on the bone mass of middle-aged runners and non-runners is assessed. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 322 individuals. There were 212 runners (109 male, 103 female) and those were individuals who did >10 km of running per week. There were 110 non-runners (54 male, 56 female). This group included individuals who did not adhere to the WHO (2020) recommendations for PA. The average age in the individual groups ranged from 40.9±4.1 to 42.3±4.8 years. Bone parameters were measured on the lower extremities and vertebral spine using the DXA method (Hologic QDR Horizon A). Multi-regression dependencies analysis was used to assess the results. RESULTS: The results of the multi-regression dependencies analysis showed that the bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) are significantly influenced by the TCL and gender. CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, we can conclude that running could be a suitable PA for preventing the reduction of BMD in the middle-aged population, especially in the lower limbs.
- MeSH
- absorpční fotometrie * MeSH
- běh * fyziologie MeSH
- dolní končetina fyziologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kostní denzita * fyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether regular running distance and biomechanics are related to medial central femur cartilage (MCFC) structure. METHODS: The cross-sectional study sample consisted of 1164 runners and nonrunners aged 18-65 yr. Participants completed questionnaires on physical activity and their running history. We performed quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of knee cartilage-T2 relaxation time (T2) mapping (high T2 indicates cartilage degeneration)-and a running biomechanical analysis using a three-dimensional motion capture system. A 14-d monitoring of the physical activity was conducted. RESULTS: Those aged 35-49 yr were at 84% higher odds of having MCFC T2 in the highest level (85th percentile, P < 0.05) compared with youngest adults indicating that MCFC structures may be altered with aging. Being male was associated with 34% lower odds of having T2 at the highest level ( P < 0.05) compared with females. Nonrunners and runners with the highest weekly running distance were more likely to have a high T2 compared with runners with running distance of 6-20 km·wk -1 ( P < 0.05). In addition, the maximal knee internal adduction moment was associated with a 19% lower odds of having T2 at the highest level ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Females compared with males and a middle-aged cohort compared with the younger cohort seemed to be associated with the degeneration of MCFC structures. Runners who ran 6-20 km·wk -1 were associated with a higher quality of their MCFC compared with highly active individuals and nonrunners. Knee frontal plane biomechanics was related to MCFC structure indicating a possibility of modifying the medial knee collagen fibril network through regular running.
- MeSH
- běh * fyziologie MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- femur fyziologie anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- kloubní chrupavka * fyziologie anatomie a histologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- kolenní kloub * fyziologie diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
CONTEXT: Carbohydrate-restricted diets are widely used as an effective treatment tool for many chronic diseases. The impact of these diets on physical health is well known, but their impact on psychological health is less well described in the scientific literature. This is an important aspect to focus on, especially if the diets are to be sustainable in the long term. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature describing the effect of carbohydrate-restricted diets and ketogenic diets on psychological outcomes, as observed in randomized controlled trials. Additionally, the potential synergistic effect of carbohydrate-restricted diets and exercise or social factors on these outcomes was researched. DATA SOURCES: Five databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and MEDLINE Complete) were searched without restriction of publication date. DATA EXTRACTION: The first data extraction was made in October 2020 and the second in May 2022. Abstract screening was performed by 3 independent reviewers. The quality of studies was assessed using the Jadad scale. DATA ANALYSIS: Sixteen randomized controlled studies were included in the analysis. Five studies focused on clinical populations, 9 on obese/overweight populations, and 2 on healthy populations; all studies examined adult people. Four psychological outcomes were identified (quality of life, mental health, mood, and fatigue), and they were examined in connection with a very low-carbohydrate or ketogenic diet. CONCLUSION: Daily low-carbohydrate intake may not negatively affect psychological well-being, and low-carbohydrate diets and ketogenic diets are no worse than other diets in this respect. An intervention of 12 weeks or longer can bring benefits in psychological well-being. The synergistic effect of diet and exercise or social factors was not reviewed due to lack of evidence.
Intention is a proximal predictor of behavior in many theories of behavior change, but intentions to be physically active do not always translate to actual physical activity. Little research has examined intensive longitudinal changes in physical activity and corresponding within-person moderators needed to elucidate the mechanisms, hurdles, and facilitators of individuals' everyday physical activity behaviors. The present study set out to evaluate the possible moderators of the intention-physical activity relationship across within-person and between-person levels, including cross-level interactions. Data comprise the first intensive measurement burst (14 days) of the longitudinal prospective Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment (HAIE) study, with N = 1135 participants (N = 10,030 person-days), aged 18-65. Physical activity was operationalized as step counts measured objectively using Fitbit Charge 3/4 fitness monitor. Intention, barriers to physical activity, and social support for physical activity were measured daily via smartphone surveys. Stable characteristics, i.e., physical activity habit and exercise identity, were measured using an online questionnaire. A multilevel moderation regression model with Bayesian estimator was fitted. At the within-person level, the relation between intention and steps was weaker on days when barriers were more severe than usual for a given person (Estimate = -0.267; CI95 = [-0.340, -0.196]) and social support was below average for a given person (Est = 0.143; CI95 = [0.023, 0.262]). Additionally, the daily intention-behavior relationship was stronger for people with lower average severity of barriers (Est = -0.153; CI95 = [-0.268, -0.052]), higher exercise identity (Est = 0.300; CI95 = [0.047, 0.546]), men (Est = -1.294, CI95 = [-1.854, -0.707]), and older individuals (Est = 0.042, CI95 = [0.017, 0.064]). At the between-person level, only physical activity habit strengthened the intention-behavior link (Est = 0.794; CI95 = [0.090, 1.486]). Our results underscore the need to separate the between-person differences from the within-person fluctuations to better understand the individual dynamics in physical activity behaviors. Personalized interventions aimed at helping individuals translate intentions to actual physical activity could be tailored and become more intensive when there is a higher risk of intention-behavior gap on a given day for a specific individual (i.e., a day with more severe barriers and less social support), by increasing the dosage or deploying more precisely targeted intervention strategies and components. In addition, interventionists should take gender and age into account when tailoring everyday strategies to help individuals act on their intentions.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- cvičení * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pohybová aktivita MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- úmysl * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
There are relatively few running studies that have attempted to prospectively identify biomechanical risk factors associated with Achilles tendon (AT) injuries. Therefore, the aim was to prospectively determine potential running biomechanical risk factors associated with the development of AT injuries in recreational, healthy runners. At study entry, 108 participants completed a set of questionnaires. They underwent an analysis of their running biomechanics at self-selected running speed. The incidence of AT running-related injuries (RRI) was assessed after 1-year using a weekly questionnaire standardized for RRI. Potential biomechanical risk factors for the development of AT RRI injury were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Of the 103 participants, 25% of the sample (15 males and 11 females) reported an AT RRI on the right lower limb during the 1-year evaluation period. A more flexed knee at initial contact (odds ratio = 1.146, P = .034) and at the midstance phase (odds ratio = 1.143, P = .037) were significant predictors for developing AT RRI. The results suggested that a 1-degree increase in knee flexion at initial contact and midstance was associated with a 15% increase in the risk of an AT RRI, thus causing a limitation of training or a stoppage of running in runners.
- MeSH
- Achillova šlacha * MeSH
- běh * zranění MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- dolní končetina MeSH
- koleno MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poranění kotníku * MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
