Cieľom štúdie bolo porozumieť vzťahom medzi sebaodcudzením, autentickým žitím, akceptáciou externého vplyvu, prežívaním a ignorovaním afektívnych stavov a základnými psychologickými potrebami. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 318 slovenských vysokoškolákov (vek = 22,15; SD = 1,41; 35,5 % žien, 64,5 % mužov). Na analýzu sme použili regresné analýzy pre mužov a ženy. Modely pre mužov a ženy potvrdili svoju významnosť. V skupine žien sa potvrdilo ignorovanie pozitívnych emócií ako významný prediktor sebaodcudzenia. U mužov boli pre sebaodcudzenie významné tri faktory: akceptácia externého vplyvu, frustrácia vo vzťahovej sfére a frustrácia v oblasti kompetencie.

The aim of the study was to explore direct and indirect relationships between self-alienation, authentic living, acceptance of external influence, reliving and ignoring affective states and basic psychological needs. 318 Slovak university students participated in the research (age = 22,15; SD = 1,41; 35,5% women, 64,5% men). For the analysis, we used regression analyzes separately for men and women. Models for men and women confirmed their importance. In the group of women, ignoring positive emotions was confirmed as a significant predictor for self-alienation. For men, there were three factors significant for self-alienation: acceptance of external influence, frustration in the relational sphere and frustration in the field of competence.

Štúdia sa zameriava na skúmanie vzťahov medzi užívaním alkoholu, schopnosťami jeho odmietania, dostupnosťou alkoholu a očakávanými dôsledkami užívania alkoholu. Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 572 žiakov z 12 slovenských ZŠ (50,1 % chlapcov, priemerný vek = 12,49; SD = 0,59). Na analýzu sme použili binárne logistické regresie a mediačné analýzy osobitne pre chlapcov a dievčatá. Modely pre chlapcov (chi square 35,57, p < .001; R2 = 12,9 – 17,4) a dievčatá (chi square 81,54, p < .001; R2 = 27,8 – 37,1) potvrdili svoju významnosť. U chlapcov užívanie alkoholu negatívne asociovalo so zručnosťou jeho odmietania a pozitívne s dostupnosťou alkoholu. U dievčat sa potvrdili s užívaním alkoholu významné negatívne vzťahy so zručnosťami odmietania a negatívnymi očakávaniami. Vo vzorke dievčat sa potvrdili s užívaním alkoholu významné pozitívne vzťahy s pozitívnymi očakávaniami a dostupnosťou alkoholu. Negatívne aj pozitívne očakávania sa potvrdili ako mediátory vzťahu užívanie alkoholu a jeho dostupnosť vo vzorke dievčat.

The study aimed to explore the relationship between alcohol use, alcohol refusal skills, accessibility of alcohol, and expected consequences of alcohol use. The research sample consisted of 572 adolescents from 12 primary schools in Slovakia (50.1% boys, mean age = 12.49; SD = 0.59) based on stratified random sampling. Binary logistic regressions and mediation analyses were used for the analysis and were carried out separately for boys and girls. The models for boys and girls were found to be significant (chi square 35.57, p < .001; R2 = 12.9 – 17.4, chi square, 81.54, p < .001; R2 = 27, 8 – 37.1). For boys, alcohol use was significantly negatively associated with alcohol refusal skills and positively with the availability of alcohol. For girls, alcohol use was significantly negatively associated with alcohol refusal skills, and negative expectations were found. Positive relationships with positive expectations and alcohol availability were also confirmed. In the sample of girls, both negative and positive expectations in the relationship between alcohol use and the availability of alcohol were confirmed as mediators of these relationships.

BACKGROUND: Developing data-based interventions to address drug use prevention among schoolchildren is critically important because research has consistently demonstrated that adolescence is the main period for experimenting with alcohol and other drugs. AIMS: To explore the changes in 30-day prevalence rates of alcohol consumption (AC) in schoolchildren and to look into the (in-)direct effect of the Unplugged programme as one of the independent variables of an equation that contained the strongest psychosocial predictors of AC at four follow-ups, as well as to examine the moderating effect of gender. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: The study was carried out as a cluster randomized controlled trial with five measurement points (before the implementation of the programmeT1, immediately after the implementationT2and then three monthsT3, 12 monthsT4, and 18 monthsT5after the implementation). SAMPLE: The sample included 1283 schoolchildren (M = 11.52; 46.8% of them boys) from 63 schools. RESULTS: The impact of Unplugged on AC was moderated by a baseline measure of AC at T4 and T5 and a partial indirect effect of Unplugged on AC through descriptive normative belief change was found at T4 among the girls. CONCLUSIONS: The findings obtained generally emphasize the need to make provisions for a baseline AC and gender that can modify the effects of interventions.

Cieľ: Cieľom štúdie bolo porozumieť priamym a nepriamym vzťahom medzi náklonnosťou k závislosti na alkohole, autenticitou (autentickým žitím, sebaodcudzením, akceptáciou externého vplyvu) a prežívaním pozitívnych a negatívnych emócií. Metóda: Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 318 slovenských vysokoškolákov (vek = 22,15; SD = 1,41; 35,5 % žien, 64,5 % mužov). Sklony k závislosti na alkohole (AUDIT, The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), autenticita (Škála autenticity - The Authenticity Scale) a emocionálne prežívanie (Škála emocionálnej habituálnej subjektívnej pohody, SEHP) boli zbierané pomocou online dotazníka a spracované pomocou SPSS 20. Účasť respondentov bola dobrovoľná a anonymná, schválená etickou komisiou UPJŠ. Výsledky: Percentuálny podiel respondentov, ktorí dosiahli hraničné skóre náklonnosti k závislosti na alkohole AD-4, bol vyšší u mužov (11,2 %) ako u žien (3,6 %). Modely linárnej regresie boli významné pre ženy (F = 5,135 R2 = 0,20) a mužov (F = 6,433, R2 = 0,14). Prostredníctvom lineárnej regresie sme potvrdili štatisticky významné priame negatívne vzťahy náklonnosti k alkoholovej závislosti u žien s autentickým žitím (β = -0, 281, p = 0,01), pozitívne vzťahy so sebaodcudzením (β = 0,379 p = 0,001) a častejším prežívaním pozitívnych emócií (β = -0,254, p = 0,05) a u mužov pozitívne vzťahy s častejším prežívaním tak pozitívnych (β = 0,220 p = 0,01), ako aj negatívnych emocionálnych stavov (β = 0,256 p = 0,001). Potvrdil sa nepriamy efekt sebaodcudzenia vo vzťahu prežívanie negatívnych emócií - zraniteľnosť voči náklonnosti k užívaniu alkoholu u žien (b = 0,051 95% CI (0, 008 -0,118). Záver: Potvrdili sme významnosť skúmaných premenných autenticity (autentického žitia, sebaodcudzenia) a pozitívneho a negatívneho emocionálneho prežívania na vysvetlení sklonov k závislosti na alkohole u vysokoškolákov.

Aim: The aim of this study was to explore direct and indirect relationships between vulnerability to alcohol dependence and authenticity (authentic living, self-alienation, accepting external influences) and positive and negative emotions of university students. Methods: 318 Slovak university students (mean age = 22.15; SD = 1.41; 35.5% women, 64.5% men) participated in the research. Data on alcohol addiction (AUDIT), Authenticity (Authenticity Scale) and SEHP (The emotional habitual subjective well-being) were collected using an online questionnaire and processed by SPSS 20. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of UPJŠ and participation was voluntary and anonymous. Results: The percentage of respondents who achieved an AD-4 vulnerability to alcohol dependency score was higher in men (11.2%) than in women (3.6%). Linear regression models were significant for women (F = 5.135; R2 = 0.20) and men (F = 6.433; R2 = 0.14). Linear regression confirmed statistically significant direct negative relationship of vulnerability to alcohol dependence withauthentic living (β = -0.281; p = 0.01), positive relationships with self-alienation (β = 0.379; p = 0.001) and more frequent positive emotions (β = -0.254; p = 0.05) for women. We confirmed positive relationships of more frequent experience of positive (β = 0.220 p = 0.01) and negative emotional states (β = 0.256; p = 0.001) with vulnerability to dependence of alcohol for men. The indirect effect of self-alienation in relation to the experience of negative emotions - vulnerability to dependence of alcohol use for women was confirmed (b = 0.051; 95% CI (0.008 -0.118). Conclusion: The findings highlight the significant role of authentic living, self-alienation and emotional state in relation to vulnerability to alcohol dependence.

• MeSH
• alkoholismus MeSH
• chování při pití MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobní uspokojení MeSH
• osobnost MeSH
• pití alkoholu * psychologie   MeSH
• poměr pohlaví MeSH
• sebepojetí * MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Zámer. Cieľom štúdie bolo skúmať efekty vybraných psychologických faktorov súvisiacich s emigračnými zámermi dobrovoľného trvalého odchodu vysokoškolákov do zahraničia. Súbor a procedúra. Výskum schválený Etickou komisiou FF UPJŠ v Košiciach sa uskutočnil na vzorke 487 vysokoškolákov (76 % žien, M = 22,81; SD = 2,97) a 18 slovenských vysokých škôl prostredníctvom škál zisťujúcich dôležitosť viery, návštevy bohoslužieb, túžbu po zmene, spokojnosť s domovom/rodinou, emigračnú sebaúčinnosť, pozitívne postoje k migrácii a emigračné zámery. Hypotézy. Autorky predpokladali buď priame alebo nepriame efekty vybratých psychologických premenných na emigračné intencie trvalého dobrovoľného odchodu vysokoškolákov. Štatistická analýza. Za účelom testovania a odhadu hierarchie kauzálnych vzťahov v modeli bolo použité modelovanie štrukturálnymi rovnicami (SEM) v programe AMOS 20. Výsledky. Potvrdili sa priame pozitívne asociácie emigračnej sebaúčinnosti, postojov k emigrácii, túžby po zmene a priame negatívne asociácie návštev bohoslužieb, spokojnosti s domovom/ rodinou s intenciami trvalého odchodu vysokoškolákov do zahraničia. Pozitívne postoje k emigrácii a emigračná sebaúčinnosť zohrávali úlohu mediátorov vo vzťahu túžba po zmene a intencie trvalého odchodu do zahraničia. Psychologické faktory boli zvažované aj z hľadiska Teórie triadického vplyvu. Obmedzenia štúdie. Prierezový dizajn výskumu, práca s intenciami trvalého odchodu, nie so samotným správaním, limity Teórie triadického vplyvu.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of selected psychological factors in relation to emigration intentions of voluntary permanent migration among university students. Sample and setting. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Arts, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice and carried out in a sample of 487 university students (76% of women, M=22.81, SD=2.97) from 18 Slovak universities who completed the measures on subjective importance of faith, attendance of religious services, desire for change, emigration self-efficacy, positive attitudes toward emigration and emigration intentions. Hypotheses. The authors assumed that there would be either direct or indirect effects of the selected psychological variables on emigration intentions of the voluntary permanent migration of university students. Statistical analysis. In order to test and estimate the hierarchy of the causal relationships in the model, modelling by structural equations (SEM) in AMOS 20 was used. Results. The study confirmed direct positive associations of emigration self-efficacy, attitudes to emigration, desire for change as well as direct negative associations of attendance of religious services and satisfaction with home /family with the intentions of moving abroad permanently. Positive attitudes toward migration and emigration self-efficacy have played the role of mediators in the relationship between the desire for change and the intention to migrate. Psychological factors have been conceptualized within the Triadic Influence Theory. Study limitation. The use of cross-sectional design, focusing only on intentions of permanent departure, not the behaviour itself, limitations of the Triadic Influence Theory.

• MeSH
• analýza latentních tříd MeSH
• emigrace a imigrace * MeSH
• emigranti a imigranti psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• náboženství a psychologie MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• sebeuplatnění MeSH
• studenti * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• úmysl MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Health promotion in schools is a highly relevant means for reducing the high prevalence of smoking. AIMS: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of smoking in the past 30 days among schoolchildren during the implementation of the Unplugged drug prevention programme. DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS: It was carried out as a cluster randomized controlled trial with five measurement points. The data was collected before the implementation of the programme (T1), immediately after its implementation (T2), and then three months (T3), 12 months (T4), and 18 months (T5) after its implementation. The effect of Unplugged was explored after adjusting for gender, baseline smoking, perceived parental knowledge, descriptive normative beliefs, and the perceived availability of cigarettes. SAMPLE: The sample included 1283 schoolchildren (M = 11.52; 46.8% boys) from 63 different schools. RESULTS: The results obtained suggest that the 30-day prevalence of smoking rose from 1.7% vs. 3.0% to 9.7% vs. 8.2% in the experimental vs. the control group over the 22 months. The effect of time on the prevalence of smoking was found to be significant and gender differences were seen to disappear during the period that was explored. Furthermore, a direct effect of Unplugged was found at T4 and the effect of the programme was found to be moderated by gender at T2 and at T4, showing a stronger effect for the girls. Partial indirect effects of Unplugged on smoking through changes in descriptive normative beliefs were found at T4 among the girls. Finally, the findings showed that better parental knowledge about the girls’ whereabouts was also important in preventing smoking. CONCLUSIONS: The findings obtained generally emphasize the necessity of a gender-specific approach when implementing prevention programmes, with particular attention being paid to the school class-based social system, as well as parental engagement in prevention efforts.

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore direct and indirect relationships between resilience, authenticity (authentic living, self-alienation, accepting external influences), following and ignoring positive and negative emotions and vulnerability to alcohol dependence of university students. METHODS: AUDIT (The Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) (Barbor et al. 2001), The Connor-Davidson resilience scale (Connor, Davidson, 2003), The Following Affective States Test, Gasper, Bramesfeld, 2006), The Authenticity scale (Wood et al., 2008). SAMPLE: 334 of university students from Slovakia participated (mean age = 22.15; SD = 1.41; 35.5% women, 64.5% men). RESULTS: Direct positive relationships of vulnerability to alcohol dependence and following of positive emotions and self-alienation were found. Negative relationships of vulnerability to alcohol dependence with authentic living were found. Indirect effect of resilience (mediated by authentic living, self-alienation, accepting external influences, ignoring of negative emotions) as well as an indirect effect of authentic living (mediated by following of positive and negative emotions) and indirect effect of ignoring of positive emotions (mediated by self-alienation) was detected. CONCLUSION: Highlighting the significant role of authenticity, resilience and emotional states in relation to vulnerability to alcohol dependence.

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

CIEĽ: Cieľom štúdie bolo preskúmať vzťah medzi osobnostnými faktormi vyššieho radu plasticitou (extroverzia, otvorenosť voči skúsenosti), stabilitou (emocionálna stabilita/neuroticizmus, prívetivosť, svedomitosť) a problematickým používaním internetu (PlU) s prihliadnutím na úlohu autonómie v tomto vzťahu. METÓDY: Autonomy (škála na meranie autonómie). Ten Item Personality Inventory (Desaťpoložkový osobnostný dotazník), GPlU2-Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2 (Škála na meranie problematického používania internetu). VÝSKUMNÁ VZORKA: Vzorka pozostávala z 1525 študentov prvých ročníkov univerzít troch krajín: Slovenska (N=587; 73 % žien; 19,6 priemerný vek; 38,5 % vzorky), Litvy (N=555; 71 % žien; 20,0 priemerný vek; 36,4 % vzorky) a Maďarska (N=383; 76 % žien; 21,4 priemerný vek; 25,1 % vzorky). Výskum je súčasťou štúdie SĽiCE (Študent life cohort in Európe). VÝSLEDKY: Modelmi lineárnej regresie bol zistený podiel všetkých skúmaných prediktorov na vysvetlení PlU pri kontrole rodu a krajiny. Bol potvrdený negatívny vzťah medzi plasticitou a PIU, medzi stabilitou a PIU ako aj autonómiou a PIU a Sobelov test preukázal, že autonómia bola mediátorom vzťahu plasticita a PIU a stabilita a PIU. ZAVER: Upozornením na významnú protektívnu úlohu autonómie vo vzťahu k PIU ako aj na jej mediačnú funkciu vo vzťahu osobnostných faktorov vyššieho radu a PIU umožŕiujeme implementáciu týchto poznatkov v prevenčných a intervenčných programoch pre vysokoškolákov.

AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the higher-order personality factors Plasticity (Extraversion, Openness to Experience) and Stability (Emotional stability I Neuroticism, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness) and Problematic Internet Use (PIU) with respect to the role of autonomy in this relationship. METHODS: Autonomy (A scale for measuring autonomy), Ten-Item Personality Inventory, GPIU2 (Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2). SAMPLE: The sample consisted of 1525 first-year university students from three countries: the Slovak Republie (38.5%, N=814, 73% of them females, mean age 19.6), Lithuania (36.4%, N=936, 71% of them females, mean age 20.0), and Hungary (25.1%, N=940, 16% of them females, mean age 21.4). This research is part of SLICE (a European cohort study looking into university students' behaviour and perspectives on life). RESULTS: Models of linear regression showed that all the predictors under scrutiny explained the variance in PIU after controlling for gender and country. The analysis showed a negative relationship between Plasticity and PIU, between Stability and PIU, and between autonomy and PIU. Furthermore, the Sobel test showed that autonomy was a mediator of the relationship between Plasticity and PIU and between Stability and PIU. CONCLUSION: Highlighting the significant protective role of autonymy in relation to PIU as well as the mediating role of autonomy in the relationship between the higher-order personality factors and PIU, the findings of this study can be implemented in prevention and intervention programmes for university students.

• MeSH
• behaviorální výzkum * metody   trendy   MeSH
• internet trendy   využití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
• osobní autonomie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky normy   využití   MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• studenti klasifikace   psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• testování osobnosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Litva MeSH
• Maďarsko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Štúdia podáva prehľad o osobnostných faktoroch, ako aj kumulačných a aditívnych efektoch osobnostných faktorov v súvislosti so správaním súvisiacim so zdravím. Príspevok ponúka možnosti praktických aplikácií poznatkov o osobnosti vo vzťahu k správaniu súvisiacemu so zdravím.

The study gives an overview of personality factors as well as of cumulative and additive effects of personality factors in the connection with health related behavior. The paper offers possibilities of practical applications of knowledge concerning personality in the relation to health related behavior.

• MeSH
• chování sebezraňující psychologie   MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osobnost * klasifikace   MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• sociální chování MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH