Aims: Prevention is one of the most effective methods in the fight against respiratory infections. Electronic platforms can streamline care and have positive applications in the case of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to search for and describe the current scientific knowledge on prevention and the use of electronic platforms and their impact on the application of prevention strategies.Methods: A scoping review was conducted. In January 2022, a search was performed in selected licensed and free databases (EBSCOhost, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science) based on PCC keywords using Boolean operators.Results: A total of 1927 sources were retrieved, of which 21 were subjected to critical analysis. 8 sources were included in the final review. Vaccination, social isolation, hygienic hand disinfection and respiratory protection are described as the most common and effective preventive measures. The platforms described had a positive effect on prevention and improving the quality of care.Conclusion: The effectiveness of the use of electronic platforms in prevention has been confirmed. Future research should be directed towards the development of these platforms to enable better diagnosis and treatment. Prevention-focused platforms can facilitate, simplify and improve care and access in the prevention of respiratory diseases.
- MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- morbidita MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pracovní síly MeSH
- primární prevence * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Volba optimálního terapeutického postupu u nemocných s karcinomem prsu představuje náročný úkol. Onemocnění je tvořeno celou řadou subtypů s rozdílnou biologickou charakteristikou a různou prognózou a může se vyskytovat i u žen staršího věku, pro které standardní terapeutické přístupy mohou znamenat významné zhoršení kvality života bez přínosu v přežití. Řada studií prokázala nejen pro tuto skupinu nemocných s časnými stadii karcinomu prsu různé možnosti redukce chirurgického výkonu i léčby zářením. Deeskalace radioterapie zahrnuje vynechání ozáření u vybraných pacientek, zkrácení délky léčby pomocí hypofrakcionace a ultrahypofrakcionace, snížení ozářeného objemu parciálním ozářením prsu. Za zásadní podmínku je nutná správná informovanost nemocné a možnost podílet se na rozhodování o volbě terapeutického postupu.
Choosing the optimal therapeutic strategy in patients with breast cancer is a challenging task. The disease comprises a number of subtypes having distinct biological characteristics and variable prognosis, and can occur in elderly women in whom standard therapeutic approaches may result in significant deterioration in their quality of life with no survival benefit. Numerous studies have shown various options for reducing the burden of surgery and radiotherapy not only for the group of patients at early stages of breast cancer. De-escalation of radiotherapy involves omitting radiation in selected patients, shortening the duration of treatment by using hypofractionation and ultra-hypofractionation, and reducing the irradiated volume by partial breast irradiation. It is essential for the patient to be properly informed and to be able to participate in the decision-making process on the therapeutic options.
- MeSH
- časná detekce nádoru MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu * terapie MeSH
- radioterapie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
The role of postmastectomy radiotherapy and regional nodal irradiation after radical mastectomy is defined in high-risk patients with locally advanced tumors, positive margins, and unfavorable biology. The benefit of postmastectomy radiotherapy in intermediate-risk patients (T3N0 tumors) remains a matter of controversy. It has been demonstrated that radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery lowers the locoregional recurrence rate compared with surgery alone and improves the overall survival rate. In patients with four or more positive lymph nodes or extracapsular extension, regional lymph node irradiation is indicated regardless of the surgery type (breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy). Despite the consensus that patients with more than three positive lymph nodes should be treated with radiotherapy, there is controversy regarding the recommendations for patients with one to three involved lymph nodes. In patients with N0 disease with negative findings on axillary surgery, there is a trend to administer regional lymph node irradiation in patients with a high risk of recurrence. In patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy and mastectomy, adjuvant radiotherapy should be administered in cases of clinical stage III and/or ≥ypN1. In patients treated with neoadjuvant systemic therapy and breast-conserving surgery, postoperative radiotherapy is indicated irrespective of pathological response.
- MeSH
- adjuvantní radioterapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru patologie MeSH
- mastektomie MeSH
- nádory prsu * farmakoterapie MeSH
- segmentální mastektomie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The ulnar translation (UT) of the wrist is a rare but often missed injury. We report about our experiences in the treatment of 8 patients with an imminent (5), established (1), and chronic UT (2).
- MeSH
- dislokace kloubu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poranění zápěstí * diagnóza chirurgie MeSH
- ulna MeSH
- zápěstí MeSH
- zápěstní kloub MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY Carpometacarpal (CMC) instabilities of the thumb joint occur after injuries or due to joint overload in patients with congenital joint hypermobility. They are often undiagnosed and, if left untreated, are the basis for the development of rhizarthrosis in young individuals. The authors present the results of the Eaton-Littler technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS The authors present a set of 53 CMC joints of patients with an average age of 26.8 years (15-43 years) operated on in the years 2005-2017. Post-traumatic conditions were found in 10 patients and in 43 cases instability was caused by hyperlaxity, also demonstrated in other joints. The operation was performed from the Wagner's modified anteroradial approach. After the operation, a plaster splint was applied for 6 weeks, after which rehabilitation (magnetotherapy, warm-up) began. Patients were evaluated using the VAS (pain at rest and during exercise), DASH score in the work module, and subjective evaluation (no difficulties, difficulties not limiting normal activities, and difficulties limiting normal activities) before surgery and 36 months after surgery. RESULTS During the preoperative assessment, the average VAS value was 5.6 at rest and 8.3 during exercise. During the VAS assessment at rest, the values at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months after surgery were 5.6, 2.9, 0.9, 1, 2 and 1.1. When evaluated in the given intervals under load, the detected values were 4.1, 2, 2.2 and 2.4. The DASH score in the work module was 81.2 before surgery, 46.3 at 6 months, 15.2 at 12 months, 17.3 at 24 months, and 18.4 at 36 months after surgery. In the subjective self-assessment made at 36 months after surgery, 39 patients (74%) assessed their condition as having no difficulties, ten patients (19%) reported difficulties that did not limit normal activities, and four patients (7%) reported difficulties limiting normal activities. DISCUSSION Most authors present the results of their surgeries in patients with post-traumatic joint instability, and they report excellent results at two to six years after surgery. There is a negligible number of studies addressing instabilities in patients with instability caused by hypermobility. When using the conventional method described by the authors in 1973, our results of the evaluation performed at 36 months after surgery are comparable to those reported by other authors. We are well aware of the fact that this is a short-term follow-up and that this method does not prevent developing degenerative changes in the case of long-term follow-up, but reduces clinical difficulties and may delay the development of severe rhizarthrosis in young individuals. CONCLUSIONS CMC instability of the thumb joint is a relatively common disorder, although not all individuals experience clinical difficulties. In the case of difficulties, the instability needs to be diagnosed and treated as this is how the development of early rhizarthrosis in the predisposed individuals can be prevented. Our conclusions suggest a possibility of a surgical solution with good results. Key words: carpometacarpal thumb joint, thumb CMC joint, carpometacarpal thumb instability, joint laxity, rhizarthrosis.
- MeSH
- artroplastiky kloubů * metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- karpometakarpální klouby * chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nestabilita kloubu * chirurgie MeSH
- palec ruky chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
Úvod: U dětského pacienta v paliativním režimu může být zapotřebí zajištění žilního přístupu, který lze využívat v domácím i v nemocničním prostředí. Narušení kožní integrity však může zvýšit rizika, která mohou dětského pacienta ohrozit i na životě. Cíl: Identifikovat a vyhodnotit rizika spojená s péči o centrální žilní katétry. Metodika: Identifikace a vyhodnocení rizik probíhalo pomocí analýzy FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis) a brainstormingu. Výsledky: Rizika identifikovaná expertním týmem byla vyhodnocena jako významná. Ani nápravnými opatřeními není možné rizika zcela eliminovat, lze ale docílit jejich snížení na minimum. Závěr: K zajištění dlouhodobé funkčnosti centrálních katétrů je zapotřebí vhodné edukování pečujících a správně provedená ošetřovatelské péče.
Introduction: For a paediatric patient on palliative care, the provision of venous access may be required, which can be used in the home or hospital setting. However, disruption of skin integrity may increase the risks, which can be life-threatening for the paediatric patient. Objective: Identify and assess the risks associated with central venous catheter care. Methodology: FMEA (Failure Mode and Effect Analysis), expert team brainstorming. Results: The risks analysed were assessed as significant. Even corrective measures cannot eliminate the risks completely, but they can be reduced to a minimum. Conclusion: Appropriate education and proper nursing care are needed to ensure the long-term functionality of central catheters.
Modern radiotherapy techniques are designed to permit reduced irradiation of healthy tissue, resulting in a diminished risk of adverse effects and shortened recovery times. Several randomized studies have demonstrated the benefits of increased dosage to the tumor bed area in combination with whole breast irradiation (WBI). Conventional WBI treatment following breast-conserving procedures, which required 5-7 weeks of daily treatments, has been reduced to 3-4 weeks when using hyperfractionated regimens. The dosage administration improves local control, albeit with poorer cosmesis. The method of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) shortens the treatment period whilst reducing the irradiated volume. APBI can be delivered using intraoperative radiation, brachytherapy, or external beam radiotherapy. Currently available data support the use of external beam partial breast irradiation in selected patients. Modern radiotherapy techniques make it possible to achieve favorable cosmesis in most patients undergoing immediate breast reconstruction surgery, and studies confirm that current methods of external beam radiation allow an acceptable coverage of target volumes both in the reconstructed breast and in the regional lymphatic nodes.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Introduction: Menopause is a physiological process, forming a part of a lifetime that most women go through. This period of life is briefly described by experts as a triple transformation: biological, social, and psychological. For menopausal women, health care professionals can use one of 10 specific questionnaires to assess health-related quality of life and its symptoms. The authors herein speak about the preparation of a Czech version of one such questionnaire - the Utian Quality of Life Scale (UQOL). Material and methods: A Czech version of the UQOL was created by repeated and backward translation. It was validated on a sample of 204 women after natural menopause (45-65 years old). We judged the reliability of the Czech version of UQOL using Cronbach's a. We assessed the instrument's validity by means of confirmation factor analysis. Results: The authors modified the original version of the UQOL. The Czech version has 4 new domains with 18 items. This form was created using the results of confirmation factor analysis. Conclusions: The Utian Quality of Life Scale questionnaire is completed by the women themselves, thus meeting the golden rule of all quality-of-life research stating that the primary source should be data from the client him/herself. However, this requirement raises some methodological problems.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
