BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The cerebellum, basal ganglia (BG), and other cortical regions, such as supplementary motor area (SMA) have emerged as important structures dealing with various aspects of timing, yet the modulation of functional connectivity between them during motor timing tasks remains unexplored. METHODS: We used dynamic causal modeling to investigate the differences in effective connectivity (EC) between these regions and its modulation by behavioral outcome during a motor timing prediction task in a group of 16 patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD) and 17 healthy controls. Behavioral events (hits and errors) constituted the driving input connected to the cerebellum, and the modulation in connectivity was assessed relative to the hit condition (successful interception of target). RESULTS: The driving input elicited response in the target area, while modulatory input changed the specific connection strength. The neuroimaging data revealed similar structure of intrinsic connectivity in both groups with unidirectional connections from cerebellum to both sides of the BG, from BG to the SMA, and then from SMA to the cerebellum. However, the type of intrinsic connection was different between two groups. In the PD group, the connection between the SMA and cerebellum was inhibitory in comparison to the HC group, where the connection was activated. Furthermore, the modulation of connectivity by the performance in the task was different between the two groups, with decreased connectivity between the cerebellum and left BG and SMA and a more pronounced symmetry of these connections in controls. In the same time, there was an increased EC between the cerebellum and both sides of BG with more pronounced asymmetry (stronger connection with left BG) in patients. In addition, in the PD group the modulatory input strengthened inhibitory connectivity between the SMA and the cerebellum, while in the HC group the excitatory connection was slightly strengthened. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that although early PD subjects and controls use similar functional circuits to maintain a successful outcome in predictive motor timing behavior, the type and strength of EC and its modulation by behavioral performance differ between these two groups. These functional differences might represent the first step of cortical reorganization aimed at maintaining a normal performance in the brain affected by early Parkinson's disease and may have implications for the neuro-rehabilitation field.
- MeSH
- bazální ganglia patofyziologie MeSH
- konektom metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- motorické korové centrum patofyziologie MeSH
- mozeček patofyziologie MeSH
- nervové dráhy patofyziologie MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc MeSH
- pozornost * MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon * MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The aim of our study was to analyse decision making in early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) patients performing the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). We compared 19 patients with early-onset PD (≤ 45 years) on dopaminergic medication (no evidence of depression, dementia, executive dysfunction according to the Tower of London test and the Stroop test, or pathological gambling) with 20 age-matched controls. A computer version of the IGT was employed. The PD patients achieved slightly lower IGT scores than the control group. A detailed analysis based on 'shift frequencies' between the individual decks showed that the patients tended to change their preferences for the decks more frequently, with a higher preference for the 'disadvantageous' deck B. Control subjects seemed to develop a more effective strategy. These differences could be caused by the poorer ability of the patients to develop any strategy at all. We observed changes in decision making during IGT performance in patients with early-onset PD, although they had no executive dysfunction as measured by established neuropsychological tests. The more detailed analysis employed in the present study could lead to a more accurate study of IGT performance and application of IGT in clinical practice.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- exekutivní funkce fyziologie MeSH
- hráčství psychologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuropsychologické testy normy MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc diagnóza epidemiologie psychologie MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- rozhodování fyziologie MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Burkittův lymfom je vysoce agresivní B-buněčná hematologická malignita, patřící mezi non-Hodgkinské lymfomy (NHL). Primární leptomeningeální lymfom je vzácným syndromem, kdy dochází k lymfomatózní meningeální infiltraci bez nálezu systémového lymfomu či lymfomu parenchymu CNS. Významnou charakteristikou této neoplazie je výskyt maligních buněk pouze v mozkomíšním moku, mozkomíšních obalech a kolem nich, dále může postihnout periferní i kraniální nervy nebo spinální kořeny. Kraniální či spinální polyneuropatický syndrom je nejčastější klinickou manifestací této malignity. Tumorózní buňky nenapadají vlastní parenchym CNS, avšak sekundární postižení parenchymu metastatickým procesem není vyloučeno.
Burkitt lymphoma is a high grade B-cell hemathologic malignity and a subtype of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Primary leptomeningeal lymphoma is a rare syndrome, characterized by lymphomatous meningeal infiltration with no evidence of either systemic lymphoma or parenchymal central nervous system lymphoma. Malignant cells are found in the cerebrospinal fluid, within and around the meninges only, with no invasion of parenchymal tissue. The infiltration affects also peripheral and cranial nerves or spinal roots. Polyneuropathic syndrome is a common clinical manifestation of the disease. Nevertheless, the secondary metastatic invasion of the parenchymal central nervous system is possible.
- Klíčová slova
- primární leptomeningeální lymfom, polyneuropatický syndrom, kraniální neuropatie,
- MeSH
- Burkittův lymfom diagnóza patologie MeSH
- cauda equina patologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- elektromyografie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- meningeální nádory diagnóza patologie MeSH
- mozkomíšní mok cytologie MeSH
- nemoci kraniálních nervů diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- plazmaferéza MeSH
- polyneuropatie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Neuropatie nervus ulnaris v oblasti lokte je po syndromu karpálního tunelu nejčastější mononeuropatií horní končetiny, se kterou se ve své praxi setkává ambulantní neurolog a elektromyografista. V klinické elektromyografii je při diagnostice této mononeuropatie využívána řada motorických, senzitivních kondukčních studií a jehlová elektromyografie. Segmentová studie motorických vláken přes oblast lokte (inching) je méně využívaná technika, a to pro svoji náročnost na provedení a interpretaci. Toto vyšetření je ovšem zásadní z důvodů přesné lokalizace postižení a může být užitečné v případech negativního výsledku běžné neurografie při klinicky vysoce suspektní neuropatii. Výsledek vyšetření touto metodou je užitečný pro neurologa, fyzioterapeuta a chirurga. Cílem článku je podat přehled o této neurografické technice pro elektromyografickou praxi.
Neuropathy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow is only second to carpal tunnel syndrome as the most common cause of upper extremity mononeuropathies encountered by an outpatient neurologist and an electromyographer in their practice. In clinical electromyography, a number of motor and sensory conduction studies and needle electromyography are used to diagnose this mononeuropathy. Segment study of motor conduction across the elbow (inching) is a less-commonly used technique due to the demands for execution and interpretation. However, this examination is essential because of accurate localization of the injury and may be beneficial in the case of a negative result of conventional neurography in clinically highly suspected neuropathy. The result of an examination using this method is useful for a neurologist, physiotherapist and surgeon. The aim of the article is to provide an overview of this neurographic technique for electromyographic practice.
- Klíčová slova
- kondukční studie, inching, ulnaris, EMG, neurografie,
- MeSH
- diagnostické techniky neurologické MeSH
- elektromyografie metody MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mononeuropatie diagnóza MeSH
- neuropatie nervus ulnaris diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- neurozobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The basal ganglia and the cerebellum have both emerged as important structures involved in the processing of temporal information. METHODS: We examined the roles of the cerebellum and striatum in predictive motor timing during a target interception task in healthy individuals (HC group; n = 21) and in patients with early Parkinson's disease (early stage PD group; n = 20) using functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: Despite having similar hit ratios, the PD failed more often than the HC to postpone their actions until the right moment and to adapt their behavior from one trial to the next. We found more activation in the right cerebellar lobule VI in HC than in early stage PD during successful trials. Successful trial-by-trial adjustments were associated with higher activity in the right putamen and lobule VI of the cerebellum in HC. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that both the cerebellum and striatum are involved in predictive motor timing tasks. The cerebellar activity is associated exclusively with the postponement of action until the right moment, whereas both the cerebellum and striatum are needed for successful adaptation of motor actions from one trial to the next. We found a general ''hypoactivation'' of basal ganglia and cerebellum in early stage PD relative to HC, indicating that even in early stages of the PD there could be functional perturbations in the motor system beyond striatum.
- MeSH
- bazální ganglia patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- mapování mozku metody MeSH
- motorické dovednosti * MeSH
- mozeček patofyziologie MeSH
- nervová síť patofyziologie MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc patofyziologie MeSH
- pohyb * MeSH
- psychologická anticipace MeSH
- reakční čas MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
