Cílem studie bylo analyzovat efekt časové redukce užívání Instagramu na psychické zdraví a well-being mladých dospělých. Respondenti (n = 72) byli náhodně rozděleni do tří skupin, experimentální skupina A (n = 25) užívala Instagram maximálně 10 minut denně a vypnula notifikace, kontrolní skupina B (n = 24) vypnula notifikace a kontrolní skupina C (n= 23) užívala Instagram bez omezení. První týden probíhalo výchozí (baseline) monitorování, následující tři týdny experimentální intervence. Výsledky ukázaly na signifikantní snížení depresivních symptomů (F (1,67) = 20,86; p < 0,001), negativních emocí (F (1,67) = 7,85; p = 0,007), osamělosti (F (1,67) = 4,69; p = 0,034) a zvýšení sebehodnocení (F (1,67) = 8,347; p = 0,005) a pozitivních emocí (F (1,67) = 7,40; p = 0,008) napříč celým souborem, tedy u experimentální i u obou kontrolních skupin. Zlepšení well-beingu bez významných rozdílů mezi skupinami lze přičítat monitorování, benefity tedy může přinášet už jen to, že o vlastním užíváním Instagramu máme přehled.
The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of Instagram usage reduction on the psychological well-being of young adults. Participants (n = 72) were randomly assigned into three groups, the experimental group (n = 25) used Instagram for a maximum of 10 minutes a day and turned off notifications, the active control group (n = 24) turned off notifications, and the passive control group (n= 23) used Instagram without any restriction. Baseline monitoring took place in the first week followed by three weeks of experimental intervention. The results showed a significant decrease in depressive symptoms (F (1.67) = 20.86; p < .001), negative emotions (F (1.67) = 7.85; p = .007), loneliness (F (1.67) = 4.69; p = .034) and increase in self-esteem (F (1.67) = 8.347; p = .005) and positive emotions (F (1. 67) = 7.40; p = .008) across the sample, i.e., in both experimental and control groups. The improvement in psychological well-being without significant differences between the groups can be attributed to monitoring the use, so the fact that we have an overview of our own use of Instagram can bring benefits. The measured values are listed in the English appendix (https://drive.google.com/...CWVHD9E/view).
This study aimed to (i) analyse the prevalence of gaming in young elementary school-aged children; (ii) assess the effect of gaming frequency on excessive screen use; and (iii) identify sociodemographic variables associated with frequent gaming. METHODS: A survey was conducted in April–June 2021 with parents of children attending grades 1–3 in randomly selected elementary schools in Czechia, Slovakia, and Finland. Parents (n = 1871) reported the daily screen time and the weekly gaming frequency of their children during a typical week and provided sociodemographic information. RESULTS: Of the sample, 82% of children played digital games at least once a week. The prevalence significantly differed based on country, with the highest prevalence in Finland (94%), followed by Czechia (81%) and Slovakia (75%): χ2 (2) = 52, p < .001. There was a significant association between an increased frequency of gaming and screen time. Screen time was the highest in daily gamers (constituting 24% of the sample), in which it was as high as 280 minutes per day. Daily gaming was associated with country (χ2 (2) = 68, p < .001), gender (χ2 (1) = 12, p < .001, OR = 1.46 [1.18–1.81]), school year (χ2 (2) = 22.8, p < .001), and position among siblings (χ2 (2) = 19.8, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings may help to determine the appropriate focus for prevention interventions.
BACKGROUND: Most severe substance use disorders (SUDs) are connected with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and other mental health problems. Therapeutic communities (TCs) provide a suitable option for the treatment of severe SUDs. The relationship between ADHD, the severity of the SUD, and other comorbidities in residential TCs is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of ADHD among clients with an SUD in residential rehab, and to compare the mental health of clients with and without ADHD. METHODS: A cohort study was conducted in 5 residential TCs (N = 180, 76.7% male, 53.9% 25-34 years, 79.2% diagnosed with methamphetamine use disorder). We assessed ADHD symptoms, substance use, mental health problems, and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS: ADHD was found in 51% of the clients who showed significantly higher scores for their psychiatric status composite score (ASI-PSY) (F = 9.08, p < 0.001; t = 5.05, p < 0.001), the positive psychiatric symptoms total (SCL-PST) (F = 3.36, p < 0.05; t = 3.15, p < 0.01), and the global severity index (SCL-GSI) (F = 3.27, p < 0.05; t = 3.18, p < 0.01). The ASI-PSY and SCL correlated significantly with the symptoms of attention deficit disorder (Pearson's r's = 0.30-0.42, p's < 0.001) and the symptoms of hyperactivity disorder (r's = 0.24-0.30, p's < 0.01). Even when severity of substance use was accounted for, ADHD was confirmed as a significant predictor of ASI-PSY (B= 0.14, p < 0.001 for combined disorder; B = 0.20, p < 0.001 for attention disorder) and partially of SCL-PST (B = 8.12, p < 0.05 for attention disorder). CONCLUSIONS: The ADHD prevalence in TCs was nearly 10-fold compared to the globally recorded values. ADHD diagnostic procedures and interventions should become an integral part of the standard diagnostic and treatment process.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hyperkinetická porucha * epidemiologie MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * epidemiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- terapeutická komunita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The COVID-19 outbreak and related restrictions meant a higher incidence of screen-related risk behaviors in both children and adolescents. Our goal was to assess the perceived importance and extent of school-based preventions related to these risks during the long-term, nation-wide distant schooling period in the Czech Republic. The online survey was responded to by the school-based prevention specialists (N = 1698). For the analysis, within-subject analysis of variance (ANOVA) and binominal logistic regression were used. At-risk internet use and cyber-bullying were perceived as pressing, but other risks, for example, excessive internet use or the use of cyberpornography, received substantially less priority. The differences in all grades were significant and moderate to large (η2G between 0.156 and 0.288). The proportion of schools which conducted prevention interventions of screen-related risks was low (between 0.7% and 27.8%, depending on the grade and the type of the risk). The probability of delivering prevention intervention was in all grades significantly predicted by the presence of screen-related problems in pupils (OR 3.76-4.88) and the perceived importance of the screen-related risks (OR 1.55-1.97). The limited capacity of schools to deliver prevention interventions during distant schooling as well as the low awareness and impaired ability to recognize the importance of some screen-related risks should be addressed.
- MeSH
- COVID-19 * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- epidemický výskyt choroby MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- riskování MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- školy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Smoke-free policy belongs to key public health instruments to promote health in populations. In 2017, new comprehensive smoke-free law prohibiting smoking in indoor public places was implemented. We aimed to measure changes in tobacco smoking patterns and changes in motivation to quit in adult smokers prior to and after the new smoke-free legislation came into force. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study prior to and post the implementation of Act No. 65/2017 Coll. Self-reported questionnaires were administered to 131 adult smokers by trained nurses in general practitioner offices in Prague. We analysed changes in cigarette consumption per day; ratio of cigarettes smoked in pub, street, work and home; and motivation to quit using regression modelling. RESULTS: We found a statistically significant decrease in the daily consumption of cigarettes (an average of 1.7 cigarettes per day, P < 0.001, d = 0.34). Smoking in indoor public spaces decreased to almost zero, while tobacco consumption in outdoor public spaces (such as streets and squares) increased by nearly 20%. We observed statistically significant increase of motivation to quit smoking (P = 0.021, d = 0.21). CONCLUSION: The study brings valuable indication of the desired public health impact related to key legislative change in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- motivace * MeSH
- odvykání kouření * MeSH
- podpora zdraví MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- užívání tabáku MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Článek představuje a analyzuje současná doporučení týkající se dětského užívání digitálních technologií (resp. obrazovek), která pocházejí od světových zdravotnických organizací. Na základě těchto doporučení článek navrhuje nástroje pro screening a primární prevenci rizikového užívání "obrazovek" v pediatrické ordinaci. Nástroje jsou rozděleny dle věkových kategorií na (1) doporučení pro nejmenší děti (0-5 let), (2) doporučení pro mladší školní věk (6-10 let) a (3) doporučení pro starší školní věk a dospívající mládež (11+).
The article presents and analyzes current recommendations concerning children's use of digital technologies (or screens). Based on these recommendations, the article proposes tools for screening and primary prevention of risky use of screens in the pediatric office. The screening tools are divided according to age categories into (1) recommendations for the youngest children (0-5 years), (2) recommendations for younger school age (6-10 years) and (3) recommendations for older school age and adolescents (11+).
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- informační technologie * MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- primární prevence MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- televize MeSH
- vývoj dítěte * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
Background and aims: Problematic internet use (PIU) is a highly prevalent condition with severe adverse effects. The literature suggests that parent-child bonding and parental behavioral control exert protective effects against PIU. However, the most relevant studies rely on simplistic measurement of parenting, cross-sectional designs and mixed-aged samples. Our study analyzed the effect of maternal and paternal parenting on PIU by using a prospective design and a cohort sample of same-aged children. Methods: Data from 1,019 Czech 12-year-old sixth-graders who were followed until ninth grade were used. Maternal and paternal responsiveness and strictness were reported by children using the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and the Parental Control Scale (PCS). PIU was measured by the Excessive Internet Use Scale (EIUS). Results: The self-reported PIU prevalence in nine-graders (15-year-old) was 8.1%. Parenting, reported by adolescents 18 months before PIU screening, showed significant relationships with PIU: parental responsiveness was negatively and moderately associated, while maternal strictness showed a weak positive association; the authoritative parenting style in both parents decreased PIU, with a PIU probability of 3.21%, while a combination of maternal authoritarian and paternal neglectful parenting was associated with PIU probability as high as 20.9%. Discussion and conclusions: The self-reported prevalence of PIU in Czech adolescents was found to be high. The effects of parenting on PIU were similar to the effects of parenting on other problematic behavior among adolescents. Our findings showed the need for interventions to prevent PIU by helping parents to apply optimal parenting styles.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých psychologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- netholismus psychologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rodičovství psychologie MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10) is a short screening instrument developed to assess Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as proposed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of MentalDisorders, fifth edition (DSM-5), adopting a concise, clear, and consistent item-wording. According to initial studies conducted in 2014, the instrument showed promising psychometric characteristics. The present study tested the psychometric properties, including language and gender invariance, in a large international sample of online gamers. In this study, data were collected from 7,193 participants comprising Hungarian (n = 3,924), Iranian (n = 791), English-speaking (n = 754), French-speaking (n = 421), Norwegian (n = 195), Czech (n = 496), and Peruvian (n = 612) online gamers via gaming-related websites and gaming-related social-networking-site groups. A unidimensional factor structure provided a good fit to the data in all language-based samples. In addition, results indicated both language and gender invariance on the level of scalar invariance. Criterion and construct validity of the IGDT-10 was supported by its strong association with the Problematic Online Gaming Questionnaire and moderate association with weekly gaming time, psychopathological symptoms, and impulsivity. The proportions of each sample that met the cut-off score on the IGDT-10 varied between 1.61% and 4.48% in the individual samples, except for the Peruvian sample (13.44%). The IGDT-10 shows robust psychometric properties and appears suitable for conducting cross-cultural and gender comparisons across seven languages. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
- MeSH
- Diagnostický a statistický manuál mentálních poruch MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- faktorová analýza statistická MeSH
- impulzivní chování MeSH
- internet * MeSH
- jazyk (prostředek komunikace) MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- návykové chování diagnóza MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychometrie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- srovnání kultur MeSH
- videohry * MeSH
- výzkumný projekt MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
- Česká republika MeSH
- Írán MeSH
- Itálie MeSH
- Kanada MeSH
- Korejská republika MeSH
- Maďarsko MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
- Peru MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Slovinsko MeSH
- Spojené království MeSH
- Spojené státy americké MeSH
