- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
AIM: The aim of this study was to test an oral contrast solution with maghemite for the magnetic resonance imaging of small bowel diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study sample included 3 cohorts: 17 healthy volunteers (group A), 22 patients with small bowel disease (group C). Both groups underwent MR enterography and 24 patients with small bowel disease (group B) underwent magnetic resonance cholecystopancreaticography. Various concentrations in 1000 ml vs 500 ml of experimental solution were tested. All cohorts completed questionnaires evaluating the solution characteristics and side-efects during and after drinking. RESULTS: A maghemite concentration of 800 mg /4 g bentonite in 1000 ml solution was sufficient for proper intraluminal lay-out. An experimental solution of 500 ml was sufficient for magnetic resonance cholecystopancreaticography and 1000 ml for MR enterography. There were no statistically significant differences between groups for taste, taste characteristic or appearance of the experimental solution. Side-effects experienced during drinking were: nausea (29.4%) and eructation (29.4%) in group A, in group B (42%) and diarrhoea (27.3%) in group C. Side-effects 2 h after drinking occured in group A (nausea 17.6%) and in group C (diarrhoea 47%). The best tolerance of experimental solution was found in group B with a higher median patient age than groups A and C. The experimental solution was evaluated more favorably in the older subjects (age over 50 years). CONCLUSION: The experimental oral solution with maghemite was well tolerated in all 3 groups. Our study supports its use in magnetic resonance practice.
- MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc diagnóza MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kontrastní látky * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční cholangiopankreatografie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nanočástice * MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tenké střevo patologie MeSH
- železité sloučeniny škodlivé účinky diagnostické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
MR enterografia (MREg) sa objavila ako zobrazovacia metóda, ktorá pomáha v diagnostike a zhodnocovaní Crohnovej choroby tenkého a hrubého čreva. MREg má vysokú diagnostickú presnosť v detekcii Crohnovej choroby, MREg môže demonštrovať transmurálne patologické zmeny Crohnovej chroby od mukózy až po mezentérium. Znalosť nálezov Crohnovej choroby v MR obraze, ich korelácia s patologickými zmenami ochorenia sú dôležité pre presnú diagnostiku a detekciu komplikácií. CT enterografia (CTEg) získala širokú akceptáciu ako diagnostická metóda na vizualizáciu lúmenu tenkého čreva, steny čreva a mezentéria v rôznych klinických indikáciách. Je zameraná aj na identifikáciu Crohnovej choroby a ako prvá metóda voľby pri vaskulárnych, traumatických léziách a neopláziách tenkého čreva.
MR enterography (MREg) has emerged as an imaging modality that can be used to help diagnose and evaluate Crohn´s disease of the small and large bowel. MREg has high diagnostic accuracy in detection of Crohn´s disease, MREg can demonstrate transmural pathologic changes of Crohn´s disease from the level of the mucosa to that of the mesentery. Knowledge of MR imaging findings of Crohn´s disease and how they correlate with the pathologic features of the disease is important to facilitate an accurate diagnosis and detect the complications. CT enterography (CTEg) has rapidly gained acceptance as a method for visualizing the small bowel lumen, wall and mesentery for a variety of clinical indications. Focusing on the identification of Crohn´s disease also, and as a method of choice in vascular, traumatic lesions and neoplasms of the small bowel.
BACKGROUND: In recent years, there has been renewed interest in small bowel imaging using a variety of radiologic or endoscopic techniques. This article gives an overview and comparison of old and new techniques used in small bowel imaging. New imaging methods as computed tomography (CT), CT enteroclysis (CTEc), CT enterography (CTEg), ultrasound (US), contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), US enteroclysis, US enterography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), MR enteroclysis (MREc) and MR enterography (MREg) are compared with the older techniques such as small- bowel follow- through (SBFT), conventional enteroclysis (CE) and endoscopic techniques including push enteroscopy, ezofagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), sonde enteroscopy, ileocolonoscopy, double-balloon enteroscopy, intraoperative enteroscopy and wireless capsule enteroscopy (WCE). METHODS: Systematic scan of Pubmed, Medline, Ovid, Elsevier search engines was used.. Additional information was found through the bibliographical review of relevant articles. RESULTS: SBFT has only secondary role in small bowel imaging. US is still the method of choice in imaging for pediatric populations. US and CEUS are also accepted as a method of choice especially in inflammatory cases. CE has been replaced by new cross - sectional imaging techniques (CTEc/CTEg or MREc/MREg). CTEc combines the advantages of CT and CE. MREc combines the advantages of MRI and CE. Some authors prefer CTEg or MREg with peroral bowel preparation and they strictly avoid nasojejunal intubation under fluoroscopic control. MREc has better soft tissue contrast, showing it to be more sensitive in detecting mucosal lesions than CTEc in inflammatory diseases. CTEg/MREg are techniques preferred for patients in follow-up of the inflammatory diseases. The radiologic community is not unanimous however about their role in the imaging process. CTEc/MREc as well as CTEg/MREg are superior to endoscopic methods in the investigation of small-bowel tumors. WCE gives unparalleled imaging of the mucosal surface of the small bowel especially in the event of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and inflammatory diseases. CONCLUSIONS: In a comparison of endoscopic and radiologic approaches, radiologic techniques are less invasive for patients, they take less time to investigate and allow imaging the entire small bowel. Some do not involve radiation exposure (US, MR). Endoscopic methods are more expensive, more invasive, need longer examination time and technical special skills but without radiation exposure. The greatest advantage of some endoscopic methods is the possibility of mucosal biopsy in one step with diagnostic examination (EGD, push enteroscopy, intraoperative enteroscopy, ileocolonoscopy).
- MeSH
- gastrointestinální endoskopie MeSH
- kontrastní látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- počítačová rentgenová tomografie MeSH
- síran barnatý aplikace a dávkování diagnostické užití MeSH
- tenké střevo patologie radiografie ultrasonografie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Pasáž tenkým črevom má len druhoradý význam pri zobrazovaní tenkého čreva. Konvenčnú enteroklýzu nahradili nové tomografické zobrazovacie metódy CTEc/CTEg alebo MREc/MREg (CT enteroklýza/CT enterografia alebo MR enteroklýza/ MR enterografia). CTEc kombinuje výhody CT (komputerovej tomografie) a konvenčnej enteroklýzy. MREc kombinuje výhody MRI (zobrazovanie magnetickou rezonanciou) a konvenčnej enteroklýzy. Niektorí autori dávajú prednosť CTEg alebo MREg s perorálnou prípravou čreva a dôsledne sa vyhýbajú nazojejunálnej intubácii pod skiaskopickou kontrolou. MREc má lepšie tkanivové rozlíšenie a je senzitívnejšia pri detekcii slizničných lézií než CTEc pri zápalových ochoreniach. Chorí vo väčšine prípadov lepšie tolerujú CTEg/MREg pri sledovaní zápalových ochorení, ale rádiológovia nie sú zjednotení vo výbere zobrazovacej techniky. CTEc/MREc rovnako aj CTEg/MREg sú vhodne doplnené endoskopickými metódami pri detekcii nádorov tenkého čreva. Kapsulová enteroskopia (KE) najlepšie zobrazí mukózny povrch tenkého čreva, obzvlášť pri skrytom krvácaní z gastrointestinálneho traktu alebo pri zápalových ochoreniach.
SBFT (small bowel follow-through) has only a secondary role in small bowel imaging. CE (conventional enteroclysis) is replaced with new cross – sectional imaging techniques CTEc/CTEg or MREc/MREg (CT enteroclysis/CT enterography or MR enteroclysis/MR enterography). CTEc combines the advantages of CT (computed tomography) and CE. MREc combines the advantages of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and CE. Some authors prefer CTEg or MREg with per oral bowel preparation and they strictly avoid nasojejunal intubations under fluoroscopic control. MREc has better soft tissue contrast, showing it to be more sensitive in detecting of mucosal lesions than CTEc in inflammatory diseases. In the most cases CTEg/MREg are better tolerated techniques by patients in follow-up of the inflammatory diseases, radiologists are not uniform about their role in imaging process. CTEc/MREc as well as CTEg/MREg are appropriate complementary to endoscopic methods in the investigation of small-bowel tumors. Wireless capsule enteroscopy (WCE) gives the best imaging of the mucosal surface of the small bowel especially in obscure gastrointestinal bleeding and inflammatory diseases.
Cieľ. Magnetická rezonancia je výberovou modalitou v zobrazovaní tenkého čreva vzhľadom na vysoké rozlíšenie mäkkého tkaniva, multiplanárnu akvizíciu, možnosť vykonávať funkčné štúdie, absenciu radiačného žiarenia, obzvlášť u detí a mladšej populácie. Z technického hľadiska je nutná príprava tenkého čreva - jeho dostatočná distenzia, zamedzenie pohybových artefaktov a prijateľná doba vyšetrenia. Distenzia sa dá dosiahnuť dvoma spôsobmi, buď perorálnou náplňou, alebo cez zavedenú nazojejunálnu sondu. Kontrastné perorálne látky sú charakterizované ako pozitívne, negatívne alebo bifázické. Metoda. Štúdia je rozdelená do troch skupín. V 1. skupine je17 zdravých dobrovoľníkov. Po 6-8hodinovom lačnení pili frakcionovane 1000 ml perorálneho roztoku v priebehu 50 minút. Potom sa vykonala MREg (magnetická rezonančná enterografia) bez podania kontrastnej látky a spazmolytika. V 2. skupine bolo realizované MRCP u 24 chorých s rôznymi diagnózami a v rámci prípravy pred vyšetrením sme podávali v množstve 500 ml perorálny nálev 30 minút pred vyšetrením frakcionovane. V poslednej skupine sú zatiaľ chorí s Crohnovou chorobou, zápalovým ochorením čreva atď. - štúdia nie je ešte ukončená. Všetky vyšetrenia boli realizované na 1,5T systéme (Signa Horizon Lx, GE, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA), protokol vyšetrenia pri MREg: axiálna/koronálna rovina zadržaním dychu, všetci chorí a dobrovoľníci vyplnili dotazník o charakteristike roztoku. Štyria rádiologovia nezávisle hodnotili vyšetrenia v 1. a 2. skupine. Tretia štúdia nie je ukončená, a preto nebola štatisticky analyzovaná. Analýza bola spracovaná štatistickými metódami ?2-testom dobrej zhody a kontingenčnými tabuľkami na hladine významnosti 5 %. Výsledky. Z hodnotení dotazníkov 1. a 2. skupiny o charakteristike experimentálneho roztoku vyplýva existencia závislosti chuti a vzhľadu roztoku, ovocná chuť je spojená s obstojným vzhľadom a dobrou chuťou roztoku, kovová a syntetická chuť je spojená s nepekným vzhľadom a nie dobrou chuťou roztoku. Štatistickou analýzou bola dokázaná závislosť medzi problémami počas pitia (diarrhoe, nauzea, flatulencia, gargoizmus) a rovnakými pretrvávavajúcimi problémami po 2 hodinách po vypití roztoku. Bola vypozorovaná závislosť medzi kovovou, respektíve syntetickou, chuťou roztoku a pridruženou nauzeou. V oboch skupinách boli vypozorované rovnaké vedľajšie prejavy počas pitia (diarrhoe, nauzea, flatulencia, gargoizmus) a 2 hodiny po vypití v závislosti od chuti a množstva nálevu. Zo štatistickej analýzy a hodnotenia vyšetrení štyrmi rádiológmi v 1. a 2. skupine vyplýva hodnotiteľnosť MREg, MRCP, T2 váž. obrazu, SNR v T2 váž. obraze a sú dokázateľne závislé od náplne lúmenu. V 95 % sa všetci štyri rádiológovia zhodli v odpovediach na otázky. Podľa hodnotenia dotazníkov v skupine zdravých jedincov radiológmi je dostatočná koncentrácia 800 mg maghemit maghemit (gamma-Fe2O3)/4g bentonit v 1000 ml roztoku. Záver. Perorálny nálev s použitím SPIO nanopartikúl maghemitu (800 mg) v bentonitovej matrici v 1000 ml roztoku je vhodný pre vyšetrenie tenkého čreva pomocou MREg. Bude potrebné ďalej skúmať hodnotenie zápalových ochorení tenkého čreva a MREg s použitím SPIO orálnej kontrastnej látky.
Aim. Magnetic resonance is a method of choice in small bowel imaging according to high resolution of soft tissue, multiplanar acquisition, possibility of functional studies, absence of radiation, especially in children and younger population. From technical point of view small bowel preparation is necessary - sufficient distension, avoiding of motion artifacts, acceptable examination time. Small bowel distension can be reached in 2 ways, peroral filling or fillling through nasojejunal tube. Oral contrast agents are characterized as positive, negative or biphasic. Method. Study is divided into 3 groups. There are 17 healthy volunteers in the first group. After 6-8 hours of fasting, they drank fractionally 1000 ml peroral solution within 50 minutes. Then followed MREg (magnetic resonance enterography) without intravenous contrast agent and spasmolytic agent. Second group was realized in 24 patients with MRCP (magnetic resonance pancreatico- cholangiography) with various diagnoses, as small bowel preparation we gave them 500 ml of peroral solution fractionally within 30 minutes. Last group consists of patients with Crohn?s disease, inflammatory bowel disease, etc, study is not finished yet. All examinations were realized on 1,5T system (Signa Horizon Lx, GE, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA), examination protocol in MREg: breathhold axial/coronal plane 2D T2 SSFSE (single-shot fast spine-scho) , all patients and 2D T2 SSFSE (single-shot fast spine-scho) so volunteers fulfilled questionnaire about the solution characterization, 4 radiologists independently evaluated the examinations in first two groups. Third group was not statistically analyzed because of it is not finished yet. Analysis was made by statistic methods of ?2-test of good agreement and contingent tables with level of significance 5%. Results. Evaluation of the questionnaires about solution characterization in first and second group resulted in existence of dependence on solution taste and appearance, fruity taste is connected with sufficient appearance and good solution taste, metalic and synthetic taste is connected with bad appearance and not good solution taste. According to statistic analysis, there is dependence between problems during drinking (diarrhoe, nausea, flatulence and gargoism) and problems remaining 2 hours after drinking solution. There was seen dependance between metalic, synthetic solution taste, associated nausea respectively. Adverse effects during drinking and after 2 hours drinking (diarrhoe, nausea, flatulence and gargoism) were present in both groups in dependance of solution taste and volume. Evaluation of MREg, MRCP, T2 weighted images is dependend on quality of luminal filling according to statistical analysis and 4 radiologists evaluation of first and second group. In 95% all 4 radiologists were agreed in answers for questions. Based on evalution of the questionnaires, 800 mg maghemit/4 g bentonit in 1000 ml of solution is sufficient concentration. Conclusion. Oral contrast agent with SPIO nanoparticles of maghemit (800 mg) in bentonit matrix in 1000 ml solution, is appropriate for small bowel examination with MREg. Further study will be necessary for evaluation of inflammatory bowel diseases and MREg with SPIO oral contrast agent.
- Klíčová slova
- maghemit,
- MeSH
- bentonit diagnostické užití MeSH
- kontrastní látky diagnostické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- nanočástice diagnostické užití MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- tenké střevo MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- grafy a diagramy MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
Nearly monodispersed superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles (15-20nm) were prepared by a one-step thermal decomposition of iron(II) acetate in air at 400 degrees C. The presented synthetic route is simple, cost effective and allows to prepare the high-quality superparamagnetic particles in a large scale. The as-prepared particles were exploited for the development of magnetic nanocomposites with the possible applicability in medicine and biochemistry. For the purposes of the MRI diagnostics, the maghemite particles were simply dispersed in the bentonite matrix. The resulting nanocomposite represents very effective and cheap oral negative contrast agent for MRI of the gastrointestinal tract and reveals excellent contrast properties, fully comparable with those obtained for commercial contrast material. The results of the clinical research of this maghemite-bentonite contrast agent for imaging of the small bowel are discussed. For biochemical applications, the primary functionalization of the prepared maghemite nanoparticles with chitosan was performed. In this way, a highly efficient magnetic carrier for protein immobilization was obtained as demonstrated by conjugating thermostable raffinose-modified trypsin (RMT) using glutaraldehyde. The covalent conjugation resulted in a further increase in trypsin thermostability (T(50)=61 degrees C) and elimination of its autolysis. Consequently, the immobilization of RMT allowed fast in-solution digestion of proteins and their identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.
- MeSH
- difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
- enzymy imobilizované MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt patologie MeSH
- kontrastní látky MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
- trypsin MeSH
- železité sloučeniny MeSH
Ciel'. Posúdiť přínos MR zobrazovania v stagingu karcinomu prostaty, porovnat' predoperačné a pooperačné histologické nálezy s MR nálezom so zretelom detekcie extra-kapsulárneho šírenia nádoru. Metoda. V rokoch 2004-2007 bolo zarade-ných 75 pacientov s novodiagnostikovaným karcinómom prostaty na základe transrektálnej biopsie prostaty pod TRUS (transrektálnej ultrasonografie). Porovnali sme predoperačné a pooperačné histologické nálezy a s MR nálezmi. Všetci pacienti boli vyšetření na MR přístroji 1,5 T, s použitím pelvic phased-array cievky, bez použitia kontrastnej látky, T2 FRFSE váž. obrazy v 3 rovinách, axiálna T1 FSE váž. obraz na posúdenie lymfatických uzlin. Kontrastná látka sa použila len v případe recidívy a duplicitnej malignity použitím DCE MRI (dynamic contrast enhanced MRI). Hodnotenie MR nálezu vychádzalo z TNM klasifikácie rovnako aj hodnotenie patologa. Výsledky. Zo 75 pacientov s novodiagnostikovaným karcinómom prostaty - 19 pacientov (25,3 %) pre pokročilost' MR nálezu nebolo operovaných po absolvovaní MR vyšetrenia (PSA od 10-188 ng/ml, Gleason scóre 6-8, T2a-T2c), po MR vyšetření hodnotené ako T3a-c. 5 pacientov (6,7%) absolvovalo TURP (transuretrálna resekcia prostaty) - 3 pre pokročilost' nálezu, 2 odmietli RAPE (radikálna prostatektomia). 34 (45,3 %) pacientov absolovovalo RAPE (T1c--T2c, PSA od 3-10 ng/ml, Gleason skóre 3-7). V 5 prípadoch (6,7 % z 75 pacientov) sme podhodnotili T stupeň (T2a-c, pooperačné T3 a-b), 4 pacienti čakajú na RAPE (5,3 %). V sledovanom období v skupině po RAPE nebola zaznamenaná recidíva, v pokročilom stádiu (T3, duplicita) nezomrel nikto. 13 pacientov (17,3 %) neboli manažovaní cez našu onkourologickú ambulanciu - nevieme porovnat naše výsledky s pooperačnými nálezmi. Záver. Staging karcinomu prostaty aj s použitím MR zobrazovania má jednoznačný význam. Jeho prínosom je určenie prognózy pacienta a optimálnej liečebnej strategie.
Aim. To review the efficacy of MR imaging in prostate cancer staging, to compare preoperative and postoperative histologie findings with MRI findings with regard to detection of extracapsular tumourous extension. Method. Between 2004 and July 2007, seventy five patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer confirmed by transrectal biopsy under TRUS (transrectal ultrasonography) guidance were enrolled. We compared pre-operative and postoperative histologie findings with MRI findings. All patients were examined on 1.5T MR system, using pelvic phased-array coil, by using T2-weighted FSE images in three planes and Tl-weighted FSE in axial plane for lymphonode detection. Contrast medium was used only in cases of suspected tumourous recurrence or other malignancy using DCE (dynamic contrast enhanced) MR imaging. Both MRI and histological findings were reported in terms of TNM classification. Results. Of 75 patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, 19 patients (25.3%) did not undergo surgery due to advanced MRI findings (pT3a-c), originally reported as pT2a-c (PSA ranging from 10 to 188 ng/ml, Gleason score 6-8. Five patients (6.7%) underwent TURP (transurethral prostate resection) because of advanced disease, two patients refused RAPE (radical prostatectomy). Thirty four (45.3%) patients underwent RAPE (T1c-T2c, PSA from 3 to 10 ng/ml, Gleason score 3-7). Five cases (6.7%) were underdiagnosed in T classification (T2a-c before and T3a-b after surgery), four patients are waiting for RAPE (5.3%). During the follow-up of subjects after RAPE, there was no tumourous recurrence noted, in the group of advanced disease (pT3, concomitant malignancy) nobody died. Thirteen patients (17.3%) were not operated/followed-up at our institution after MRI examination, therefore we were not able to compare our results with postoperative findings. Conclusion. Staging of prostate carcinoma using MR imaging has unambiguous value. It contributes to proper determination of the patients prognosis and selection of the optimal therapeutical strategy.
- MeSH
- biopsie metody využití MeSH
- gadolinium diagnostické užití MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody využití MeSH
- nádory prostaty komplikace patologie sekundární MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- prostatický specifický antigen izolace a purifikace krev MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- staging nádorů metody využití MeSH
- ultrasonografie metody využití MeSH
Cieľom práce je poukázať na rozvoj vyšetrovacích metód pri zobrazovaní temporálnej kosti a s ohladom na špecifiká detského veku. Autori porovnávajú klasické a moderné metódy pri zápaloch, úrazoch, vrodených vývojových chybách a nádoroch v detskom veku. Maximálna neinvazivita, rýchlosť, výťažnosť a správny algoritmus sú najvhodnejšie pre tento vek.
The aim of this paper is to refer about the development of the imaging methods of the temporal bone with the aspect of specificity of childhood. The authors compare classic and modem imaging methods in inflammatory diseases, injuries, congenital malformations and tumours in childhood. Maximal non-invasivity, fast, feasibility and right algorithm are most suitable for this age.
- MeSH
- diagnostické zobrazování metody normy MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- fraktury lebky diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nemoci ucha diagnóza MeSH
- spánková kost patologie zranění MeSH
- vnitřní ucho patologie MeSH
- vývojové onemocnění kostí diagnóza MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH