Medicinal plants are rich sources of valuable molecules with various profitable biological effects, including antimicrobial activity. The advantages of herbal products are their effectiveness, relative safety based on research or extended traditional use, and accessibility without prescription. Extensive and irrational usage of antibiotics since their discovery in 1928 has led to the increasing expiration of their effectiveness due to antibacterial resistance. Now, medical research is facing a big and challenging mission to find effective and safe antimicrobial therapies to replace inactive drugs. Over the years, one of the research fields that remained the most available is the area of natural products: medicinal plants and their metabolites, which could serve as active substances to fight against microbes or be considered as models in drug design. This review presents selected flavonoids (such as apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, kurarinone, and morin) and tannins (including oligomeric proanthocyanidins, gallotannins, ellagitannins, catechins, and epigallocatechin gallate), but also medicinal plants rich in these compounds as potential therapeutic agents in oral infectious diseases based on traditional usages such as Agrimonia eupatoria L., Hamamelis virginiana L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Quercus robur L., Rosa gallica L., Rubus idaeus L., or Potentilla erecta (L.). Some of the presented compounds and extracts are already successfully used to maintain oral health, as the main or additive ingredient of toothpastes or mouthwashes. Others are promising for further research or future applications.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- flavonoidy terapeutické užití MeSH
- hydrolyzovatelné taniny metabolismus MeSH
- infekční nemoci * MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty MeSH
- taniny metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
During the last decades, plant extracts containing phytoestrogens have increasingly been used as an alternative to oestradiol hormone replacement therapy. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of genistein with those of different phytoestrogen-containing plant extracts (from red clover flowers and soybeans) on the proliferation and differentiation of NIH-3T3, HaCaT and MCF-7 cells. Our results showed poor correlations between direct anti/pro-oxidant effects and cytotoxicity of the tested samples. In contrast, genistein showed a direct correlation between significant pro-oxidative effects at cytotoxic concentrations and almost no pro-oxidative effects at non-cytotoxic concentrations. Moreover, the tested red clover extract and genistein induced keratin-8 (luminal and prognostic marker in breast cancer) expression only in MCF-7 cells, but this effect was not seen following treatment with the soybean extract. From this point of view, the effect of consumption of phytoestrogens in oestrogen-positive breast cancer remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that various phytoestrogen- containing plant extracts and genistein are able to specifically modulate antioxidant properties and differentiation of studied cells.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace účinky léků MeSH
- buňky NIH 3T3 MeSH
- fytoestrogeny chemie MeSH
- genistein chemie MeSH
- keratin-8 metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- MFC-7 buňky MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Aj keď bola v rôznych štúdiách popísaná stimulácia hojenia rán po estrogénovej substitučnej terapii, mnohé vedľajšie účinky tejto hormonálnej suplementácie zabraňujú jej výraznému rozšíreniu v klinickej praxi. Na druhej strane sa fytoestrogén genisteín (selektívny modulátor estrogénových receptorov patriaci do skupiny izoflavónov) dostal už do klinického skúšania pri liečbe nádorových ochorení a experimenty naznačujú, že by mohol mať pozitívny vplyv aj na hojenie rán. Medzi hlavné a doteraz objasnené mechanizmy účinku patrí indukcia apoptózy, zastavenie bunkového cyklu, inhibícia angiogenézy a tyrozín kinázovej aktivity, ako aj chemoprevencia nádorových ochorení a zmiernenie klimakterických ťažkostí. Žiaľ nie všetky mechanizmy jeho pôsobenia pri biologických procesoch zapojených do hojenia rán a rastu nádorov sú plne objasnené. Z tohto dôvodu táto prehľadová práca sumarizuje doposiaľ známe vplyvy genisteínu na biologické procesy sledované na rôznych modeloch hojenia rán a na jednotlivých nádoroch.
Although it has been shown that oestrogen replacement therapy is able to improve wound healing, several side effects of this replacement therapy have precluded its common use in clinical practice. On the other hand, the phytoestrogen genistein (the selective oestrogen receptor modulator belonging to the group of isoflavones) has been introduced into several clinical trials to improve cancer treatment efficiency and experiments suggest its positive effect on wound healing. The main mechanisms of action, which have been elucidated so far, include induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of angiogenesis and tyrosine kinase activity as well as cancer chemoprevention and reduction of climacteric symptoms. Unfortunately, all underlying mechanism in the modulation of biological processes involved in wound healing and tumour growth are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the present review summarizes the effects of genistein on biological processes in different wound healing models and selected tumours.
- MeSH
- genistein * farmakokinetika terapeutické užití MeSH
- hojení ran účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory * farmakoterapie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- patologická angiogeneze farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Táto prehľadová práca v úvodnej časti popisuje horko chutiace rastlinné drogy v kontexte ich tradičného používania pri nechutenstve a tráviacich ťažkostiach. Následne uvádza súčasné poznatky vzniku vzruchu v receptoroch horkej chuti, ktoré vedú v rôznych typoch tkanív k doteraz neočakávaným fyziologickým procesom. Novo pozorované biologické účinky horkých látok sú dané do súvislosti s moderným smerovaním ich komplexného štúdia za účelom vývoja nových liečiv s primárnym účinkom na receptory horkej chuti.
This overview paper describes in its introductory part bitter-tasting herbal drugs in the context of their traditional use in the loss of appetite and digestive disorders. Then, it mentions current knowledge on signals origin in bitter taste receptors leading to different, unexpected physiological processes. Newly observed biological effects of bitter tastants are correlated with modern trends of their complex study with an aim to develop new drugs primarily acting on bitter taste receptors.
- Klíčová slova
- hořčiny, T2R, hořká chuť,
- MeSH
- bronchiální astma MeSH
- chemoreceptory * fyziologie MeSH
- ghrelin MeSH
- homeostáza MeSH
- klinická studie jako téma MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- receptor pro glukagonu podobný peptid 1 MeSH
- receptory spřažené s G-proteiny * fyziologie chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Methanolic extract from leaves of Karwinskia humboldtiana (Schult.) Zucc. was subjected to fractionation with a pair of immiscible solvents and subsequently tested for antioxidant activity. Using DPPH the order of scavenging activities of the extracts in comparison with standards of L-ascorbic acid and quercetin was as follows: ethyl acetate fraction > L-ascorbic acid > quercetin > butan-1-ol > light petrol > chloroform > water. The capability of scavenging OH radicals determined by EPR was as follows: ethyl acetate, chloroform > light petrol > butan-1-ol > water fractions. On the basis of availability and antioxidant activity of these fractions, isolation of constituents from butanol fractions was achieved. Separation of this fraction led to the isolation of (+)-epicatechin and flavonol derivatives – quercetin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside (isoquercitrin), quercetin-3-O-galactoside (hyperosid), quercetin-3-O-arabinoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin), kaempferol 3-O-arabinoside and kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside. All of them might be responsible for the observed antioxidant effects.
Predložená práca zhŕňa výsledky separácie a identifikácie flavonolového glykozidu z kvetov Lilium candidum L. a antioxidačných vlastností etanolového extraktu kvetov a vybraných látok izolovaných z tohto rastlinného druhu. Chromatografickými deliacimi metódami sa získal flavonoid, ktorý bol na základe výsledkov chromatografickej analýzy, teploty topenia, UF spektrofotometrie, kyslej hydrolýzy a hmotnostnej spektrometrie identifikovaný ako izoramnetín-3-O-rutinozid (narcisín), ktorého prítomnosť nebola doteraz v tomto rastlinnom druhu opísaná. Antioxidačná aktivita etanolového extraktu a látok izolovaných z Lilium candidum L. bola stanovená metódou vychytávania DPPH radikálov.
The paper deals with the separation and identification of a flavonoid glycoside from the petals of Lilium candidum L. and the antioxidative properties of the ethanolic extract of the flowers and selected compounds isolated from this species. The isolated flavonoid glycoside was identified as isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside by acid hydrolysis, TLC comparison with authentic samples, and UV and mass spectra. Isorhamnetin rutinoside was isolated from Lilium candidum L. for the first time. The antioxidative activity of the ethanolic extract of the flowers and some isolated compounds were determined using DPPH assays.
Viac ako dve storočia sa kardioglykozidy používajú v terapii opuchov a srdcovej nedostatočnosti. Ouabaín je dávno známy šípový jed, ktorý sa získava z rôznych druhov rastlín rodu Acokanthera alebo Strophanthus. Množstvo získaných informácií v súčasnosti nasvedčuje tomu, že ouabaín a jemu podobné látky sú aj novými steroidnými hormónmi cicavcov, podieľajúcimi sa na patofyziológii srdcovo-cievnych ochorení. Zaujímavý je fakt, že 50 % pacientov s primárnou hypertenziou má zvýšenú hladinu endogénneho ouabaínu. Poznanie interakcií týchto látok s inými hormónmi podieľajúcimi sa na metabolizme vody a solí môže pomôcť pri diagnóze a terapii hypertenzie.
For more than 200 years, cardiotonic glycosides have been used for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Ouabain is a well-known arrow poison obtained from different Acokanthera or Strophanthus species. Much information has now accumulated that this plant toxin and its congeners are mammalian steroid hormones involved in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. There is an interesting fact that 50% patients with essential hypertension have elevated levels of endogenous ouabain. A better knowledge of the interactions of these compounds with the hormones of salt and water metabolism might help to improve the diagnosis and therapy of hypertension.
