Medicinal plants are rich sources of valuable molecules with various profitable biological effects, including antimicrobial activity. The advantages of herbal products are their effectiveness, relative safety based on research or extended traditional use, and accessibility without prescription. Extensive and irrational usage of antibiotics since their discovery in 1928 has led to the increasing expiration of their effectiveness due to antibacterial resistance. Now, medical research is facing a big and challenging mission to find effective and safe antimicrobial therapies to replace inactive drugs. Over the years, one of the research fields that remained the most available is the area of natural products: medicinal plants and their metabolites, which could serve as active substances to fight against microbes or be considered as models in drug design. This review presents selected flavonoids (such as apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, kurarinone, and morin) and tannins (including oligomeric proanthocyanidins, gallotannins, ellagitannins, catechins, and epigallocatechin gallate), but also medicinal plants rich in these compounds as potential therapeutic agents in oral infectious diseases based on traditional usages such as Agrimonia eupatoria L., Hamamelis virginiana L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Vaccinium myrtillus L., Quercus robur L., Rosa gallica L., Rubus idaeus L., or Potentilla erecta (L.). Some of the presented compounds and extracts are already successfully used to maintain oral health, as the main or additive ingredient of toothpastes or mouthwashes. Others are promising for further research or future applications.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• flavonoidy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny metabolismus   MeSH
• infekční nemoci * MeSH
• léčivé rostliny * metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• taniny metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Medicinal plants have been used to treat different diseases throughout the human history namely in traditional medicine. Most of the plants mentioned in this review article belong among them, including those that are widely spread in the nature, counted frequently to be food and nutrition plants and producing pharmacologically important secondary metabolites. Triterpenoids represent an important group of plant secondary metabolites displaying emerging pharmacological importance. This review article sheds light on four selected triterpenoids, oleanolic, ursolic, betulinic and platanic acid, and on their amide derivatives as important natural or semisynthetic agents in cancer treatment, and, in part, in pathogenic microbe treatment. A literature search was made in the Web of Science for the given key words covering the required area of secondary plant metabolites and their amide derivatives. The most recently published findings on the biological activity of the selected triterpenoids, and on the structures and biological activity of their relevant amide derivatives have been summarized therein. Mainly anti-cancer effects, and, in part, antimicrobial and other effects of the four selected triterpenoids and their amide derivatives have also been reviewed. A comparison of the effects of the parent plant products and those of their amide derivatives has been made.

• MeSH
• amidy farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kyselina olenalová * chemie   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny * metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• triterpeny * chemie   farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• beta-glukany imunologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• břečťan fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• COVID-19 * terapie   MeSH
• Echinacea fyziologie   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• fytoterapie * metody   trendy   MeSH
• Ginkgo biloba fyziologie   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Pelargonium fyziologie   imunologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Thymus (rostlina) fyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Paulownia tomentosa Steud., a traditional Chinese medicinal plant, was used for many centuries in Chinese herbal medicine as a component of remedies for many illnesses, including inflammatory diseases. It is a rich source of phenolic compounds, mainly geranylated flavonoids, which are currently studied for their promising biological activities. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study aimed to isolate minor geranylated flavanones and flavones from P. tomentosa fruit and evaluate their cytotoxicity and possible anti-inflammatory effects in a cell-based model of inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Chromatographic separation of chloroform portion of the ethanolic extract of P. tomentosa fruit led to the isolation of twenty-seven flavonoids (1-27), twenty-six of them geranylated with different modifications and one non-geranylated flavanone, and two phenolic compounds. Compounds were identified using UV, IR, HRMS, NMR, and CD spectroscopy. Ten of these compounds (7-10, 12, 21, 22, 24, 25, and 27) were determined to be new flavonoid derivatives obtained from a natural source for the first time. Selected compounds were analyzed for cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory potential to affect the activation of nuclear factor κB/activator protein 1 (NF-κB/AP-1) after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. RESULTS: All the test compounds (1-21 and 23-26) reduced the activation of NF-κB/AP-1 24 h after the addition of LPS. Eight compounds (5, 14-18, 21, and 26) were more active than prednisone, a widely used anti-inflammatory drug. However, this effect was not seen significantly on the level of TNF-α and IL-1β, which can be explained by the plurality of possible outcomes of activation of the NF-κB pathway in cells. CONCLUSIONS: Results of the presented study confirmed that constituents from traditional Chinese medicinal plant P. tomentosa Steud. have promising anti-inflammatory activities and can serve as a potential source of inspiration for new anti-inflammatory medications.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy analýza   MeSH
• hluchavkotvaré * MeSH
• léčivé rostliny * metabolismus   MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy farmakologie   MeSH
• NF-kappa B metabolismus   MeSH
• ovoce chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• transkripční faktor AP-1 metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Here we report the comprehensive characterization of the secondary metabolites from the leaves of Colebrookea oppositifolia Smith, a species used as medicinal plant in the traditional medicine of Nepal. Phytochemical screening of bioactives was performed using an integrated LC-MSn and high resolution MS (Mass Spectrometry) approach. Forty-three compounds were tentatively identified, mainly aglyconic and glycosilated flavonoids and phenolic acids, as well as other bioactives such as coumarins and terpenes were detected. Furthermore, the NF-κB and AP-1 inhibitory activity of C. oppositifolia extract were evaluated, as well as its cytotoxicity against THP-1 cells, in order to assess the potential use of this herb as a source of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds. The results so far obtained indicate that C. oppositifolia leaves extract could significantly reduce the viability of THP-1 cells (IC50 = 6.2 ± 1.2 µg/mL), as well as the activation of both NF-κB and AP-1 at the concentration of 2 μg/mL. Our results indicate that Nepalese C. oppositifolia is a valuable source of anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic compounds. The phytochemical composition reported here can partially justify the traditional uses of C. oppositifolia in Nepal, especially in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, although further research will be needed to assess the full potential of this species.

• MeSH
• antiflogistika izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• flavonoidy analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• hluchavkovité metabolismus   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
• hydroxybenzoáty analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• listy rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolom MeSH
• methanol MeSH
• NF-kappa B antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   toxicita   MeSH
• THP-1 buňky MeSH
• transkripční faktor AP-1 antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nepál MeSH

The worldwide growing interest in traditional medicines, including herbal medicines and herbal dietary supplements, has recently been accompanied by concerns on quality and safety of this type of health care. The content of nutritional and potentially toxic elements in medicinal plants is of paramount interest as it may vary remarkably according to different environmental and ecophysiological factors. In this study, the concentrations of essential and non-essential trace elements-Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Sr, and Zn-were determined in the roots and aerial parts of the worldwide distributed and economically important medicinal herb Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort) and in its growing substrate. Most of the analyzed trace elements varied considerably in the plant parts according to edaphic conditions and soil geochemistry. However, uptake and retention in H. perforatum compartments of Co, Cr, and Ni, which markedly differentiated the investigated soils, were controlled by excluding mechanisms of the plant. Despite this, the Ni concentrations in the aerial parts, commonly used in herbal preparations, of H. perforatum plants from serpentine soils were not insignificant in relation to eventual human consumption. Good practice to assure the herbal product quality of H. perforatum collected from the wild cannot ignore the thorough understanding of the geolithological and geochemical features of the harvesting areas.

• MeSH
• kořeny rostlin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nadzemní části rostlin chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• třezalka chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this study was to determine the content, distribution and behaviour of Al in soils under beech forest with different parent rock, and to assess the role of herbaceous vegetation on soil Al behaviour. We hypothesize that the contents of elements in the soil sorption complex (Al etc.) are strongly influenced by vegetation cover. Also, low molecular mass organic acids (LMMOA) can be considered as an indicator of soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and vegetation litter turnover. Speciation of LMMOA, nutrition content (PO43-, Ca2+, K+) and element composition in aqueous extracts were determined by means of ion chromatography and inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) respectively. Active and exchangeable pH, sorption characteristics and exchangeable Al (Alex) were determined in BaCl2 extracts by ICP-OES. Elemental composition of parent rocks was assessed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Herb-poor localities showed lower pH, less nutrients (PO43-, Ca2+, K+), less LMMOA, a larger stock of SOM and greater cation exchange capacity. There was also lower mobilisation of Al in organic horizons, which explains the larger pools of Al. Generally, we can conclude that LMMOA, and thus soil vegetation cover, play an important role in the Al soil cycle.

• MeSH
• buk (rod) chemie   účinky léků   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• chelátory analýza   chemie   MeSH
• fyzikální absorpce účinky léků   MeSH
• fyziologická absorpce účinky léků   MeSH
• geologické sedimenty chemie   MeSH
• hliník analýza   chemie   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• huminové látky analýza   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   chemie   metabolismus   toxicita   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny účinky léků   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• lesy MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• rostliny účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• rozpustnost MeSH
• vývoj rostlin účinky léků   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Fytoterapie má nezastupitelnou roli v léčbě diabetes mellitus (DM) především pro svůj adjuvantní účinek, který může vést ke snížení spotřeby klasických farmak a oddálit nástup pozdních komplikací diabetu. Na trhu je dostupné velké množství fytoterapeutik, která jsou registrována jako léčiva nebo potravní doplňky. Cílem této práce je představit přehled vybraných rostlinných drog s prokázaným podpůrným terapeutickým účinkem se zaměřením na preklinické i klinické studie.

Phytotherapy has an irreplaceable role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), mainly because of its adjuvant effect, which can lead to a decrease in the consumption of classic drugs and delay the onset of late complications of diabetes. A large number of phytotherapeutics are available on the market and they are registered as pharmaceuticals or food supplements. The aim of this work is to present an overview of selected herbal drugs with proven supportive therapeutic effect, focusing on preclinical and clinical studies.

• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• fazol imunologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• fytoterapie * metody   trendy   MeSH
• hypoglykemika * farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kořeny rostlin metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty terapeutické užití   MeSH
• šalvěj lékařská imunologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• Trigonella imunologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• Urtica dioica imunologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• Vaccinium myrtillus imunologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• ženšen imunologie   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• farmakognozie MeSH
• herbální medicína MeSH
• léčivé rostliny chemie   klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Farmacie. Farmakologie
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• farmacie a farmakologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol

Antifungal activity of hyoscyamine (Hcy) and scopolamine (Sco) were determined by TLC-bioautography against fungi associated with H. muticus grown in Egypt, and those isolated from other plants grown in Japan. All 40 fungal strains were tolerant to Sco and sensitive to Hcy, exhibiting a growth inhibition zone around the Hcy spot on the bioautography plate. The strains were grouped into three types based on the appearance of the inhibition zone: (i) 17 strains exhibiting a clear inhibition zone, which remained clear at 8 d after incubation (type I); (ii) 22 strains exhibiting the inhibition zone with a brown circle surrounding the zone and regrowth within the inhibition zone (type II); (iii) 1 strain exhibiting the inhibition zone with no brown circle and regrowth within the inhibition zone (type III). In the type II and III strains, Hcy disappeared, and other alkaloids were found in the inhibition zones in its place. Hcy feeding experiments using Penicillium purpurogenum (type II) and Cunninghamella elegans (type III) revealed that these fungi may convert Hcy to a new alkaloid compound.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• atropin farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Cunninghamella růst a vývoj   účinky léků   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• Hyoscyamus metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• léčivé rostliny metabolismus   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• Penicillium růst a vývoj   účinky léků   MeSH
• skopolamin farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH