Cíl: Cílem této práce je zhodnocení toxicity a prognostických faktorů celkového přežití (overall survival – OS) při použití hyperfrakcionované akcelerované radioterapie s modulovanou intenzitou u pacientů s pokročilými nádory hlavy a krku nevhodných ke konkomitantní radiochemoterapii. Metodika: Od května 2008 do dubna 2013 bylo léčeno 122 pacientů s lokálně pokročilým nemetastazujícím spinocelulárním karcinomem hrtanu (14 %), hypofaryngu (30 %), orofaryngu (30 %) a dutiny ústní (27 %). Střední věk, KPS (Karnofského performance status) a GTV (gross tumor volume) byly 63 let (46–87 let), 80 % (50–100 %) a 46 ml (5–250 ml). Střední dávka radioterapie byla 72,6 Gy (62–77) ? 1,4–1,5 Gy na oblast GTV (primární tumor a lymfadenopatie) s lemem 0,7 cm a 55 Gy ? 1,1 Gy na regionální lymfatické oblasti s lemem 0,3 cm. Pomocí lineárního urychlovače 6 MeV byla doručena léčebná dávka 2× denně s přestávkami 6–8 hod. OS bylo zhodnoceno Kaplan-Meierovou metodou. Prediktory OS byly analyzovány pomocí Coxova modelu proporcionálních rizik. Výsledky: Průměrná doba radioterapie trvala 37 dní (32–45 dní). Výskyt akutní toxicity 3. stupně byl 62 % na sliznicích (dutina ústní, hltan) a 0 % na kůži. Konfluentní zánět sliznice se zotavil ve všech případech do 21 dní. Stupeň toxicity 4 nebo 5 nebyl zaznamenán. U pacientů v kompletní remisi není žádná závislost na PEG (perkutánní endoskopické gastrostomii). Jednoleté a 2leté OS bylo 65, resp. 32 %. Multivariantní analýzou byly zjištěny negativní faktory OS – KPS horší než 80 % (RR 2,4, 95% CI 1,3–4,2; p = 0,004), jiný karcinom než orofaryngu nebo hrtanu (RR 2,0, 95% CI 1,1–3,5; p = 0,016) a velikost GTV (RR 1,006, 95% CI 1,001–1,011; p = 0,018). Dva roky po léčbě přežívá přibližně 30 % pacientů a výkonnostní stav před zahájením léčby je nejsilnějším faktorem pro OS. Další prediktory OS je potřeba hledat na molekulární úrovni.
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate overall survival (OS) and prognostic factors in patients ineligible for chemotherapy who were treated with a hyperfractionated accelerated schedule with simultaneous integrated boost. Material and Methods: From May, 2008, to April, 2013, 122 patients with locally advanced nonmetastatic squamous laryngeal (14%), hypopharyngeal (30%), oropharyngeal (30%), and oral cavity (27%) cancer were treated at our institution. The median age, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), and gross tumor volume (GTV) of the patients were 63 years (range, 46–87 years), 80% (range, 50–100%), and 46 ml (range, 5–250 ml), resp. The median total dose of radiotherapy was 72.6 Gy (range, 62–77 Gy) at 1.4–1.5 Gy per fraction, and 55 Gy at 1.1 Gy per fraction was delivered for GTV (primary and lymphadenopathy) with a margin of 0.7 cm and regional lymphatic areas with a margin of 0.3 cm. The dose was delivered 2× a day, with a 6–8 hour interval between doses, via a 6 MeV linear accelerator. OS was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and predictors of OS were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: The median duration of the radiotherapy series was 37 days (range, 32–45 days). The incidence of grade 3 acute toxicity was 62% for mucosa (oral cavity and/or pharynx) and 0% for skin. Confluent mucositis cleared in all cases within 21 days. No grade 4 or 5 toxicities were recorded. PEG was introduced before treatment in 55 patients (45%). The 1-and 2-year OS was 65% and 32%, resp. KPS less than 80% (RR 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.2; p = 0.004), cancers other than oropharyngeal or laryngeal cancer (RR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1–3.5; p = 0.016), and capacity of high GTV (RR 1.006, 95% CI 1.001–1.011; p = 0.017) were found to be negative prognostic factors for OS. Conclusion: More than 30% of patients with poor prognosis survived for longer than 2 years. KPS before treatment was the strongest prognostic factor for better OS.
PURPOSE: The goal of this work was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of hyperfractionated stereotactic reirradiation (re-RT) as a treatment for inoperable, recurrent, or second primary head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) that is not suitable for systemic treatment. PATIENTS AND MATERIALS: Forty patients with recurrent or second primary HNSCC were included in this study. The patients had a median gross tumor volume of 76 ml (range 14-193 ml) and a previous radiotherapy dose greater than 60 Gy. Treatment was designed to cover 95 % of the planning target volume (PTV, defined as gross tumor volume [GTV] + 3 mm to account for microscopic spreading, with no additional set-up margin) with the prescribed dose (48 Gy in 16 fractions b.i.d.). Treatment was administered twice daily with a minimum 6 h gap. Uninvolved lymph nodes were not irradiated. RESULTS: Treatment was completed as planned for all patients (with median duration of 11 days, range 9-14 days). Acute toxicity was evaluated using the RTOG/EORTC scale. A 37 % incidence of grade 3 mucositis was observed, with recovery time of ≤ 4 weeks for all of these patients. Acute skin toxicity was never observed to be higher than grade 2. Late toxicity was also evaluated according to the RTOG/EORTC scale. Mandible radionecrosis was seen in 4 cases (10 %); however, neither carotid blowout syndrome nor other grade 4 late toxicity occurred. One-year overall survival (OS) and local progression-free survival (L-PFS) were found to be 33 and 44 %, respectively. Performance status and GTV proved to be significant prognostic factors regarding local control and survival. CONCLUSION: Hyperfractionated stereotactic re-RT is a reasonable treatment option for patients with recurrent/second primary HNSCC who were previously exposed to high-dose irradiation and who are not candidates for systemic treatment or hypofractionation.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru patologie chirurgie MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- opakovaná terapie MeSH
- otorinolaryngologické nádory patologie chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace etiologie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- radiochirurgie metody MeSH
- sekundární malignity patologie chirurgie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom patologie chirurgie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
AIM: To evaluate liver tumor motion and how well reference measurement predicts motion during treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This retrospective study included 20 patients with colorectal cancer that had metastasized to the liver who were treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. An online respiratory tumor tracking system was used. Tumor motion amplitudes in the superior-inferior (SI), latero-lateral (LL), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions were collected to generate patient-specific margins. Reference margins were generated as the mean motion and 95th percentile of motion from measurements recorded for different lengths of time (1, 3, and 5 min). We analyzed the predictability of tumor motion in each axis, based on the reference measurement and intra-/interfraction motions. RESULTS: About 96,000 amplitudes were analyzed. The mean tumor motions were 9.9 ± 4.2 mm, 2.6 ± 0.8 mm, and 4.5 ± 1.8 mm in the SI, LL, and AP directions, respectively. The intrafraction variations were 3.5 ± 1.8 mm, 0.63 ± 0.35 mm, and 1.4 ± 0.65 mm for the SI, LL, and AP directions, respectively. The interfraction motion variations were 1.32 ± 0.79 mm, 0.31 ± 0.23 mm, and 0.68 ± 0.62 mm for the SI, LL, and AP directions, respectively. The Pearson's correlation coefficients for margins based on the reference measurement (mean motion or 95th percentile) and margins covering 95% of the motion during the whole treatment were 0.8-0.91, 0.57-0.7, and 0.77-0.82 in the SI, LL, and AP directions, respectively. CONCLUSION: Liver tumor motion in the SI direction can be adequately represented by the mean tumor motion amplitude generated from a single 1 min reference measurement. Longer reference measurements did not improve results for patients who were well-educated about the importance of regular breathing. Although the study was based on tumor tracking data, the results are useful for ITV delineation when tumor tracking is not available.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: To evaluate pancreatic tumor motion and its dynamics during respiration. METHODS AND MATERIALS: This retrospective study includes 20 patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who were treated with stereotactic ablative radiotherapy. An online respiratory tumor tracking system was used. Periodical maximum and minimum tumor positions with respiration in superior-inferior (SI), latero-lateral (LL), and anterior-posterior (AP) directions were collected for tumor motion evaluation. The predictability of tumor motion in each axis, based on reference measurement, was analyzed. RESULTS: The use of a 20-mm and 5-mm constant margins for SI and LL/AP directions, avoids target underdosage, without the need for reference measurement. Pearson's correlation coefficient indicated only a modest correlation between reference and subsequent measurements in the SI direction (r = 0.50) and no correlation in LL (r = 0.17) and AP (r = 0.35) directions. When margins based on the reference measurement of respiratory tumor motion are used, then 30% of patients have a risk zone of underdosage >3 mm (in average). ITV (internal target volume) optimization based on the reference measurement is possible, but allows only modest margin reduction (approximately from 20 mm to 16-17 mm) in SI direction and no reduction in AP and LL directions. CONCLUSION: Our results support the use of 20-mm margin in the SI direction and 5-mm margins in the LL and AP directions to account for respiratory motion without reference measurement. Single measurement of tumor motion allows only modest margin reduction. Further margin reduction is only possible when there is on-line tumor motion control according to internal markers.
- MeSH
- artefakty * MeSH
- dýchání * MeSH
- karcinom chirurgie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní chirurgie MeSH
- plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače metody MeSH
- pohyb těles MeSH
- radiochirurgie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIM: To evaluate the treatment plans of 3D image-guided brachytherapy (BT) and stereotactic robotic radiotherapy with online image guidance - CyberKnife (CK) in patients with locally advanced cervix cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Ten pairs of plans for patients with locally advanced inoperable cervical cancer were created using MR based 3D brachytherapy and stereotaxis CK. The dose that covers 98% of the target volume (HR CTV D98) was taken as a reference and other parameters were compared. RESULTS: Of the ten studied cases, the dose from D100 GTV was comparable for both devices, on average, the BT GTV D90 was 10-20% higher than for CK. The HR CTV D90 was higher for CK with an average difference of 10-20%, but only fifteen percent of HR CTV (the peripheral part) received a higher dose from CK, while 85% of the target volume received higher doses from BT. We found a significant organ-sparing effect of CK compared to brachytherapy (20-30% lower doses in 0.1 cm(3), 1 cm(3), and 2 cm(3)). CONCLUSION: BT remains to be the best method for dose escalation. Due to the significant organ-sparing effect of CK, patients that are not candidates for BT could benefit from stereotaxis more than from classical external beam radiotherapy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku MeSH
- otorinolaryngologie MeSH
- radiochirurgie * přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- radioterapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory slinivky břišní chirurgie terapie MeSH
- radiochirurgie využití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Benigní a maligní nádory v oblasti páteře a míchy patří mezi časté nálezy a jsou příčinou výrazné morbidity (bolest a neurologický deficit), která výrazným způsobem zhoršuje kvalitu života. Incidence metastatického postižení skeletu je v ČR asi 6 500 každý rok a s ohledem na delší přežívání než v případě viscerálních metastáz se jedná o značný medicínský problém. Léčba páteřních tumorů je obvykle řešena mutidisciplinárně. V některých případech je možná kompletní resekce, někdy je nutno se spokojit s dekompresí. Konvenční zevní radioterapie je často limitována toleranční dávkou míchy, což může vést k nedostatečné lokální kontrole. Stereotaktická radiochirurgie (SRS-stereotactic radiosurgery) přístrojem Cyberknife se od zevní frakcionované radioterapie odlišuje použitím mnoha konvergentních polí, které umožňují dodat vysokou dávku záření do cílového objemu za současného chránění okolních struktur. SRS je relativně dlouhou dobu používána intrakraniálně, kdy je jednorázově aplikována vysoká dávka záření (řádově desítky Gy). V extrakraniálních lokalizacích se ukazuje jako výhodnější použití několika málo frakcí (2–5), a proto se pojem radiochirurgie ukazuje jako nepříliš vhodný. V anglicky psané literatuře je pojem SBRT (Stereoactic body radiotherapy) stále častěji nahrazován termínem stereotaktická ablativní radioterapie (Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy – SABR), který velmi dobře popisuje pravou podstatu této metody.
Benign and malignant tumours of the spine and spinal cord are frequent findings and cause major morbidity (pain and neurological deficit) which significantly impairs the quality of life. The incidence of metastatic skeletal disease is approximately 6,500 new cases per year in the Czech Republic and, given a longer survival rate than that observed in the case of visceral metastases, it poses a major health problem. The treatment for spinal tumours usually requires a multidisciplinary approach. In some cases, a complete removal is possible whereas sometimes decompression is all that can be done. Conventional external radiotherapy is commonly limited by the tolerance dose of the spinal cord, which may result in inadequate local control. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using the CyberKnife system is distinguished from external fractionated radiotherapy by the use of multiple convergent fields which allow delivery of a high dose of radiation to the target volume while sparing the surrounding structures. Intracranial SRS has been used for a relatively long time with a single high dose of radiation being delivered (in the order of tens of Gy). In extracranial sites, the use of a few fractions (2–5) has been shown as more convenient which is why the term radiosurgery has proved as not quite adequate. In the English literature, the term SBRT (Stereotactic body radiotherapy) is being increasingly replaced by the term Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) which accurately reflects the true nature of this method.
- Klíčová slova
- spinální nádory, SBRT,
- MeSH
- celková dávka radioterapie MeSH
- dávka záření MeSH
- design vybavení přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory míchy radioterapie MeSH
- nádory páteře radioterapie MeSH
- radiochirurgie metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- radioterapie počítačová MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- vztah dávky záření a odpovědi MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
