OBJECTIVE: The long-term development of public attitudes towards people with epilepsy (PWE) was studied. METHODS: Four questions (Q) used in Czech questionnaires for studies in 1981, 1984, 1998 and 2009 concerned: Q1, familiarity with the concept of epilepsy; Q2, tolerance towards children with epilepsy; Q3, whether epilepsy is considered to be a mental disease; and Q4, attitudes towards employment of PWE. RESULTS: The quality of information about epilepsy increased significantly between 1981 and 1998, 1981 and 2009, and 1998 and 2009. The 1981 and 1984 studies reflected a level of information inferior to the levels seen in Germany and the USA, and the difference had almost disappeared in 1998 and 2009. CONCLUSIONS: The long-term follow-up studies in Czech Republic displayed a permanent increase in knowledge about epilepsy. This may reflect the progress in the spread of information, the efforts of patient associations and specialists and perhaps also a change in general attitudes towards people with disabilities. The dramatic change of information levels in Czech surveys could also reflect the change of the political system in 1989. A question that remains to be answered is the extent to which the positive trend reflects positive attitudes in real life. The answers to questions concerning whether people would be willing to help a person having a seizure remain unsatisfactory. Greater efforts should be made to improve the situation of PWE and to minimize their stigmatization.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie epidemiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• postižení psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• zaměstnanost MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: In some fields of fMRI data analysis, using correct methods for dealing with noise is crucial for achieving meaningful results. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of the effects of different preprocessing and noise filtering strategies on psychophysiological interactions (PPI) methods for analyzing fMRI data where noise management has not yet been established. METHODS: Both real and simulated fMRI data were used to assess these effects. Four regions of interest (ROIs) were chosen for the PPI analysis on the basis of their engagement during two tasks. PPI analysis was performed for 32 different preprocessing and analysis settings, which included data filtering with RETROICOR or no such filtering; different filtering of the ROI "seed" signal with a nuisance data-driven time series; and the involvement of these data-driven time series in the subsequent PPI GLM analysis. The extent of the statistically significant results was quantified at the group level using simple descriptive statistics. Simulated data were generated to assess statistical improvement of different filtering strategies. RESULTS: We observed that different approaches for dealing with noise in PPI analysis yield differing results in real data. In simulated data, we found RETROICOR, seed signal filtering and the addition of data-driven covariates to the PPI design matrix significantly improves results. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend the use of RETROICOR, and data-driven filtering of the whole data, or alternatively, seed signal filtering with data-driven signals and the addition of data-driven covariates to the PPI design matrix.

• MeSH
• algoritmy * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hluk * MeSH
• interpretace obrazu počítačem MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mapování mozku * MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek krevní zásobení   fyziologie   MeSH
• podněty MeSH
• rozhodování fyziologie   MeSH
• sémantika MeSH
• světelná stimulace MeSH
• zraková percepce fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The objective is to study the involvement of the posterior medial cortex (PMC) in encoding and retrieval by visual and auditory memory processing. Intracerebral recordings were studied in two epilepsy-surgery candidates with depth electrodes implanted in the retrosplenial cingulate, precuneus, cuneus, lingual gyrus and hippocampus. We recorded the event-related potentials (ERP) evoked by visual and auditory memory encoding-retrieval tasks. In the hippocampus, ERP were elicited in the encoding and retrieval phases in the two modalities. In the PMC, ERP were recorded in both the encoding and the retrieval visual tasks; in the auditory modality, they were recorded in the retrieval task, but not in the encoding task. In conclusion, the PMC is modality dependent in memory processing. ERP is elicited by memory retrieval, but it is not elicited by auditory encoding memory processing in the PMC. The PMC appears to be involved not only in higher-order top-down cognitive activities but also in more basic, rather than bottom-up activities.

• MeSH
• akustická stimulace MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie metody   MeSH
• epilepsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• implantované elektrody MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH
• paměť fyziologie   MeSH
• počítačové zpracování signálu MeSH
• sluchové evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• světelná stimulace MeSH
• zrakové evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study the oscillatory changes during target and distractor stimuli processing. We focused mainly on responses after distractor stimuli in the prefrontal cortex and their possible relation to our previous results from the basal ganglia. METHODS: Five epilepsy surgery candidates with implanted depth electrodes performed a three-stimulus paradigm. The frequent stimulus (70%; without required response) was a small blue circle, the target stimulus (15%; with motor response) was a larger blue circle, and the distractor stimulus (15%; without required response) was a checkerboard. The SEEG signals from 404 electrode contacts were analysed using event-related de/synchronization (ERD/S) methodology. RESULTS: The main response to the target stimuli was ERD in the alpha and low beta bands, predominantly in the motor control areas, parietal cortex and hippocampus. The distractor stimuli were generally accompanied by an early theta frequency band power increase most markedly in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: Different ERD/S patterns underline attentional shifting to rare target ("go") and distractor ("no-go") stimuli. SIGNIFICANCE: As an increase in lower frequency band power is considered to be a correlate of active inhibition, the prefrontal structures seem to be essential for inhibition of non-required movements.

• MeSH
• alfa rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• beta rytmus EEG fyziologie   MeSH
• biologické hodiny fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie * MeSH
• epilepsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• evokované potenciály fyziologie   MeSH
• kognice fyziologie   MeSH
• korová synchronizace fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• modely neurologické * MeSH
• prefrontální mozková kůra fyziologie   MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon fyziologie   MeSH
• světelná stimulace metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and hospitalization rates in children with refractory focal epilepsy treated by vagus nerve stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 15 children with intractable focal epilepsy treated by vagus nerve stimulation (mean age of 14.6 ± 2.5 years at the time of implantation). We analyzed the treatment effectiveness at 1, 2, and 5 year follow-up visits. We counted the average number of urgent hospitalizations and number of days of urgent hospitalization per year for each patient before and after the VNS implantation. RESULTS: The mean seizure reduction was 42.5% at 1 year, 54.9% at 2 years, and 58.3% at 5 years. The number of responders was 7 (46.7%) at 1 year and 9 (60%) at both 2 and 5 years. The mean number of urgent hospitalizations per patient was 1.0 ± 0.6 per year preoperatively and 0.3 ± 0.5 per year post-operatively (P < 0.0001). The mean number of days of urgent hospitalization per patient was 9.3 ± 6.1 per year preoperatively and 1.3 ± 1.8 per year post-operatively ( < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Vagus nerve stimulation is an effective method of treating children with refractory focal epilepsy. It leads to a substantial decrease in the number and duration of urgent hospitalizations.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epilepsie parciální farmakoterapie   terapie   MeSH
• epilepsie tonicko-klonická farmakoterapie   terapie   MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kašel etiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• náhlé příhody epidemiologie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• poruchy polykání etiologie   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• srdeční zástava etiologie   MeSH
• vagová stimulace * škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Evaluate interim long-term tolerability, safety and efficacy of adjunctive perampanel, a novel α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-5-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-receptor antagonist, in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study 207, an open-label extension (OLE) study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00368472), enrolled patients (18-70 years) who completed one of two randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation Phase II studies. The OLE Treatment Phase comprised a 12-week Titration Period (2 mg increments of perampanel every 2 weeks to 12 mg/day, maximum) and a Maintenance Period, during which patients continued treatment up to a planned maximum of 424 weeks (~8 years). Interim analysis data cut-off date was 1 December, 2010. RESULTS: Of 180 patients completing the Phase II studies, 138 enrolled in study 207. At the time of interim analyses (approximately 4 years after study start), over a third (n = 53, 38.4%) remained on perampanel; 41.3% (n = 57) of patients had >3 years of exposure; and 13.0% (n = 18) had at least 4 years' exposure. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) duration of exposure was 116 ± 75 weeks and mean ± SD dose during the OLE Maintenance Period was 7.3 ± 3.3 mg. No new safety signals emerged with long-term treatment. Consistent with previous studies, the most common treatment-emergent adverse events were as follows: dizziness, headache and somnolence. Overall median (range) per cent change from baseline in seizure frequency per 28 days during open-label treatment was -31.5% (-99.2 to 512.2). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term - up to 4 years - adjunctive perampanel had a favourable tolerability profile in patients with refractory partial-onset seizures. Improvements in seizure control were maintained with long-term treatment.

• MeSH
• antikonvulziva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• epilepsie farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pyridony terapeutické užití   MeSH
• rozvrh dávkování léků MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• klinické zkoušky, fáze II MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

We analyzed peri-ictal bed leaving (PBL) symptoms in 105 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). All patients were classified as Engel I at the 2-year follow-up visit. Histopathological examination revealed hippocampal sclerosis (TLE-HS) in 64 patients and other lesions in 38 patients (TLE-other); 3 patients had no lesions. We reviewed 412 seizures. PBL was defined as lateralized leaving of the bed occurring during the seizure or up to 3 minutes after the end of the seizure. PBL was observed in 28 of 105 patients (26.7%), and in 45 of 412 seizures (10.9%). PBL occurred more frequently in patients with TLE-HS than in patients with TLE-other (32.8% vs 17.1%, P=0.058). PBL was ipsilateral to the seizure onset in 71.4% of patients and 71.2% of seizures (P=0.012 and P<0.001). In patients with TLE-HS, PBL was ipsilateral to seizure onset in 76.2% of patients and 81.2% of seizures (P=0.008 and P<0.001). In patients with TLE-other, PBL was ipsilateral to seizure onset in 42.8% of patients and 46.1% of seizures. There were no differences in the incidence and lateralizing value between patients with right-sided and those with left-sided TLE. PBL is a relatively frequent peri-ictal sign in patients with TLE. The side of PBL in patients with TLE-HS lateralizes the seizure onset to the ipsilateral temporal lobe.

• MeSH
• audiovizuální záznam MeSH
• automatismus epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epilepsie temporálního laloku epidemiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• funkční lateralita fyziologie   MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• longitudinální studie MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH