PURPOSE: To evaluate treatment outcomes and toxicity in patients with stage T1-3N0M0 oral cancer treated with surgery followed by high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Retrospective study of 50 patients with stage T1-T3N0 tongue and floor-of-mouth cancer who underwent tumour excision (+ elective neck dissection) followed by postoperative HDR-BT due to the presence of negative prognostic factors (close or positive resection margins, lymphovascular and/or perineural invasion, deep invasion). The plastic tube technique (dose: 18 x 3 Gy b.i.d.) was used. Survival outcomes, toxicity, and prognostic factors were evaluated. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 81 months (range, 4-121), actuarial 5-year local control (LC), nodal control (NC) and progression-free survival (PFS) rates were 79%, 69%, and 64%. After salvage treatment (surgery + external beam radiotherapy), LC, NC, and PFS increased to 87%, 77%, and 72.3%, respectively. Five-year overall survival and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were 73% and 77%. Treatmentrelated toxicity included two cases of mandibular osteoradionecrosis and five cases of small soft tissue necrosis. T stage was significantly correlated with nodal control (p=0.02) and CSS (p=0.04). Tumour grade correlated with DFS (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: Postoperative HDR-BT 18 x 3 Gy b.i.d. seems to be an effective method in patients with T1-3N0M0 oral cancer with negative prognostic factors after tumour resection.
- MeSH
- brachyterapie * metody MeSH
- celková dávka radioterapie * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory úst * radioterapie patologie chirurgie MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- staging nádorů * MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: MRI-only adaptive brachytherapy (MRI-ABT) is the state-of-the-art for treating locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) in combination with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the pattern of pelvic recurrence after the treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of one hundred LACC patients were treated between January 2017 and December 2023 with concurrent chemoradiotherapy of 45 Gy in 25 fractions ± boost to lymphadenopathy (up to a maximum dose of 60 Gy in 25 fractions) with concurrent weekly cisplatin chemotherapy at the dose of 40 mg/m2/week, and MR-ABT. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 30.2 months, there were 2 local recurrences (2%) and 9 regional pelvic recurrences (9%). The median time to local/regional recurrence was 11 months (range 6-21). For all stages, the 3-year local control was 97.66%, and the 3-year pelvic control was 89.45%. Twenty-four patients died during follow-up; the 3-year overall survival was 75.11%, and the 3-year disease-free survival was 70.97%. CONCLUSION: MRI-ABT combined with external beam radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy for LACC demonstrates excellent local and regional pelvic control. Most local/regional recurrences occur inside or at the edge of the external-beam irradiated field. Recurrences inside the field of brachytherapy are rare. Distant recurrences are the predominant cause of death in LACC patients treated with definitive CRT and MRI-ABT.
- MeSH
- brachyterapie * metody MeSH
- chemoradioterapie * MeSH
- cisplatina terapeutické užití MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lokální recidiva nádoru * radioterapie MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku * radioterapie diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Karcinom endometria je obvykle diagnostikován v časném stadiu a po primární operační a následné adjuvantní onkologické léčbě má relativně dobrou prognózu. V případě lokální či regionální recidivy v oblasti pánve lze často účinně aplikovat záchrannou léčbu, ať už operační, či léčbu zářením. Pokud ale karcinom endometria recidivuje tak, že jej nelze řešit lokální záchrannou léčbou, nebo pokud metastazuje do vzdálených lokalit, je situace už mnohem vážnější. Díky molekulárně genetickým poznatkům dnes dovedeme nádory endometria lépe kategorizovat a také lépe předpovědět léčebnou odpověď nejen na chemoterapii, ale především na stále rychleji se rozvíjející imunoterapii cílenou na receptor programované buněčné smrti 1 (programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1) a jeho ligandy. Dostarlimab je prvním plně hrazeným tzv. „checkpoint inhibitorem“ v první linii léčby pacientek s rekurentním či metastazujícím MMR (mismatch repair) deficientním karcinomem endometria.
Endometrial cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage and has a relatively good prognosis after primary surgery and subsequent adjuvant oncological treatment. In the case of local or regional recurrence in the pelvic region, salvage treatment, either surgery or radiation therapy, can often be effectively applied. However, if the endometrial cancer recurs so that it cannot be managed with local salvage treatment, or if it metastasises to distant sites, the situation is much more serious. Thanks to molecular genetic knowledge, we can now better categorize endometrial tumors and more accurately predict the therapeutic response not only to chemotherapy, but also to the rapidly developing immunotherapy targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands. Dostarlimab is the first fully reimbursed “checkpoint inhibitor” in the first-line treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic MMR (mismatch repair) deficient endometrial cancer.
Objective: To evaluate the safety, adequacy, and accuracy of tru-cut biopsy of gynaecologic tumours in a population of Czech women. Methods: A four-year retrospective study of ultrasound-guided tru-cut biopsy of gynaecologic tumours was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. Results: One hundred and four women with gynaecologic tumours underwent transvaginal tru-cut biopsy within the study period. The most common indication for tru-cut biopsy in more than one-half of the women was a suspicion of malignancy/inability to exclude malignancy (59, 56.7%). Most of the tumours were malignant on histopathological examination (71, 68.3%), with advanced ovarian cancer being the most common type of malignancy (43/71, 60.6%). The overall adequacy and accuracy rates of tru-cut biopsy were 93.3% and 93.3%, respectively. Most of the inadequate samples were obtained from overweight and obese women (5/7, 71.4%), with only one biopsy sample taken in the majority of the inadequate biopsies (5/7, 71.4%). Accuracy was higher for malignant than benign tumours (97.7% vs. 82.4%). For malignant tumours, accuracy was highest for advanced ovarian cancers (33/40, 82.5%). Only one case was complicated by bleeding, giving an overall complication rate of 1%. The complicated biopsy was taken by a gynae-oncology trainee. Conclusions: Tru-cut biopsy is a cost-effective and safe preoperative diagnostic modality for patients with gynaecologic tumours, offering high adequacy and accuracy. It is particularly useful in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, most of whom present late with inoperable tumours that contraindicate primary surgery.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The management of cervical cancer during the first trimester of pregnancy requires a multidisciplinary approach that considers medical, psychological, and social factors. This report details the case of a patient diagnosed preoperatively with bulky early-stage cervical cancer at nine weeks of gestation, during an evaluation initially intended for pregnancy termination. While definitive chemoradiotherapy is the standard treatment for early-stage bulky cervical tumors, the treatment strategy, in this case, was influenced by the patient's decision to terminate the pregnancy without delay. A radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy was successfully performed at 10 weeks of gestation. The patient experienced an uneventful postoperative recovery and was subsequently advised to undergo adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This case underscores the importance of an individualized management plan that prioritizes maternal health while respecting reproductive rights and patient autonomy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
BACKGROUND: Aspirin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and platelet inhibitor, has been shown to reduce cancer incidence, lower metastatic rates and improve survival in certain cancer types. However, data on the effect of aspirin on prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are limited. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective, single-center study to evaluate the impact of aspirin use on disease characteristics and survival in PDAC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study analyzed data from all consecutively treated PDAC patients over a 6-year period. Operability, Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) stage, and survival endpoints were compared between patients who had used aspirin for 2 or more years prior to their diagnosis (ASA ≥ 2) and those who did not (ASA 0). RESULTS: A total of 182 patients were included. In the ASA ≥ 2 group, significantly fewer patients had metastatic disease at diagnosis, and a significantly larger proportion presented in the operable stages, compared to the ASA 0 group. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in the T or N stages, overall survival, disease-free survival, or time to progression-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: Although long-term aspirin use did not influence survival endpoints, it was associated with a significantly lower probability of demonstrable distant metastases at diagnosis and a higher rate of resectable disease. This finding warrants further research to explore new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of PDAC.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Intersticiální high-dose rate brachyterapie (HDR BRT) představuje slibnou metodu léčby časného karcinomu penisu, která v mnoha případech slouží jako alternativa k primární chirurgické léčbě. Tato technika umožňuje zachování celistvosti penisu až u 80 % pacientů, kteří by jinak museli podstoupit radikální operaci. Výsledkem je nejen lepší kvalita života pacientů, ale také výrazně nižší výskyt psychických problémů spojených s léčbou. Důležitým přínosem je rovněž možnost zachování sexuálních funkcí na úrovni srovnatelné s obdobím před zahájením léčby.
Interstitial high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR BRT) is a promising treatment method for early-stage penile cancer, which in many cases serves as an alternative to primary surgical treatment. This technique allows for the preservation of the penis integrity in up to 80% of patients who would otherwise require radical surgery. As a result, patients experience not only a better quality of life but also significantly fewer post-treatment psychological issues. An important benefit is also the ability to maintain sexual function at a level comparable to that before the treatment.
Akcelerovaná parciální iradiace prsu (APBI) je ověřená metoda ozáření pacientek s časným karcinomem prsu, které splňují indikační kritéria. Perioperační zavádění brachyterapeutických vodičů zkracuje celkovou dobu léčby z několika týdnů na přibližně 14 dní a umožňuje zavádění vodičů pod přímou vizuální kontrolou ihned po odstranění nádorového ložiska. Díky screeningovému programu a časné diagnostice pacientek stále roste počet pacientek vhodných pro tuto léčbu.
Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is a well-established technique for irradiating patients with early-stage breast cancer who meet the indication criteria. The perioperative insertion of brachytherapy catheters reduces the overall treatment time from several weeks to approximately 14 days and allows for catheter placement under direct visual control immediately after tumor removal. Thanks to screening programs and early-stage diagnosis, the number of patients eligible for this treatment continues to rise.
- MeSH
- brachyterapie * metody MeSH
- časná diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory prsu * chirurgie radioterapie MeSH
- perioperační péče metody MeSH
- plánování radioterapie pomocí počítače metody MeSH
- pooperační péče metody MeSH
- radioterapie metody škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Brachyterapie je pokročilá metoda radioterapie používaná při léčbě onkologických onemocnění. Umožňuje nám zavedení radioaktivního zdroje přímo do nádoru nebo do jeho těsné blízkosti. Tato metoda umožňuje aplikovat záření s minimálním dopadem na okolní zdravé tkáně a používá se při léčbě u specifických typů nádorů. Avšak i při této metodě mohou vznikat nežádoucí vedlejší účinky, proto je důležitá spolupráce pacienta se zdravotnickým personálem. Je kladen důraz na správnou edukaci pacienta o péči ozařované oblasti a plastových katétrů. Tento článek se zaměřuje na roli všeobecné sestry při ošetřování pacientů podstupujících intersticiální brachyterapii karcinomu penisu, karcinomu prsu a nádorů ORL oblasti.
Brachytherapy is an advanced method of radiotherapy used in the treatment of cancer. It allows us to introduce a radioactive source directly into the tumour or in close proximity to it. This method allows radiation to be applied with minimal impact on surrounding healthy tissue and is used in the treatment of specific types of tumours. However, this method can also cause unwanted side effects, so it is important that the patient cooperates with the medical staff. Emphasis is placed on proper patient education about the care of the irradiated area and the plastic catheters. This article focuses on the role of the nurse in the care of patients undergoing interstitial brachytherapy for penile cancer, breast cancer and ENT region tumors.
- MeSH
- brachyterapie * metody ošetřování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku radioterapie MeSH
- nádory penisu radioterapie MeSH
- nádory prsu radioterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Standardem léčby lokálně či regionálně pokročilého karcinomu hrdla dělohy je definitivní chemoradioterapie, která kombinuje systémovou chemoterapii platinou se zevní radioterapií, kterou následuje intrakavitární, tzv. uterovaginální brachyterapie. Současným standardem brachyterapie karcinomu hrdla dělohy je MR navigovaná 4D-adaptivní brachyterapie. Díky MR navigaci je při každé frakci brachyterapie jasně patrný aktuální rozsah reziduálního nádorového postižení a pokrytí cílových objemů intrakavitární aplikací do dělohy. U více než třetiny pacientek však nejde cílové struktury pokrýt terapeutickou dávkou záření vzhledem k rozsahu onemocnění, aniž by bylo možné současně dodržet bezpečné dávkové limity na okolní zdravé tkáně. Ideálním řešením takové situace je využití možnosti intersticiální aplikace jehel do míst nepokrytých samotnou intrakavitární aplikací. Standardně dodávané aplikátory pro uterovaginální brachyterapii již intersticiální aplikaci obvykle umožňují, případně lze pro aplikaci intersticiálních jehel využít 3D tiskem vyrobené či upravené aplikátory. Cílem tohoto článku je ukázat praktický postup aplikace intersticiální brachyterapie v léčbě karcinomu hrdla dělohy ve Fakultní nemocnici v Hradci Králové.
The standard treatment for locally or regionally advanced cervical cancer is definitive chemoradiotherapy, which combines systemic cisplatin chemotherapy with external-beam radiotherapy followed by intracavitary, so-called uterovaginal brachytherapy. The current standard of brachytherapy for cervical cancer is MR-guided 4D-adaptive brachytherapy. Thanks to MR navigation, the current extent of residual tumor involvement and the coverage of target volumes by intracavitary application into the uterus is visible during each brachytherapy fraction. In more than a third of patients, however, it is impossible to cover the target structures with a therapeutic dose of radiation due to the extent of the disease, without observing safe dose limits for the surrounding healthy tissues simultaneously. The ideal solution to such a situation is to use the interstitial application of needles in places not covered by the pure intracavitary application. The standard supplied applicators for uterovaginal brachytherapy usually allow interstitial application or 3D-printed or modified applicators can be used for the application of interstitial needles. This article aims to show the practical procedure of using interstitial brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer at the University Hospital in Hradec Králové.
