- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Endemic Diseases MeSH
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne * epidemiology complications physiopathology prevention & control MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Unvaccinated Persons MeSH
- Neurologic Manifestations * MeSH
- Polyradiculoneuropathy rehabilitation MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- MeSH
- Glioblastoma * diagnosis therapy MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Cancer Survivors MeSH
- Antineoplastic Protocols MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Klíšťová encefalitida (KE) je závažná virová neuroinfekce přenášená dominantně klíšťaty. Článek rekapituluje důvody, proč využít možnost očkovat proti KE. Česká republika (ČR) je země s endemickým výskytem KE a řadí se mezi dlouhodobě nejvíce postižené země. Trendy v incidenci navíc ukazují na dlouhodobý vzestup onemocnění. Jedním z důvodů jsou nepochybně měnící se klimatické podmínky, které pozitivně ovlivňují rozšiřování oblastí výskytu klíšťat a jejich rostoucí aktivitu. Riziko nákazy je díky rozšíření přenašeče na téměř celém území ČR v podstatě plošné. Díky oblíbenosti outdoorových aktivit a způsobu života lze považovat všechny osoby v ČR za populaci v riziku. Onemocnění může postihnout osoby v kterémkoli věku, avšak věkově specifická incidence a současně i riziko závažnějšího klinického průběhu a rozvoje dlouhodobých následků onemocnění, které mohou výrazně negativně ovlivňovat kvalitu života postižených, s věkem roste. Vzhledem k plošnému riziku onemocnění lze očkování doporučit prakticky všem osobám žijícím v České republice.
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a serious viral neuroinfection transmitted predominantly by ticks. The article recapitulates the reasons why to use the possibility of vaccination against TBE. The Czech Republic is a country with endemic TBE and ranks among the most affected countries. Moreover, trends in incidence indicate a long-term increase of the disease. One of the reasons is undoubtedly changing climatic conditions, which positively influence the expanding areas of ticks and their digestion. The risk of the infection is due to the spread of the carrier in the whole territory of the Czech Republic. Thanks to popular outdoor activities and life style, all persons in the Czech Republic can be considered as a population at risk. The disease may affect anyone regardless of their age, but specific incidence and the risk of more serious clinical course and development of long-term consequences of the disease, which can significantly affect the quality of infected people’s life, increase with age. Given the risk of the disease in the whole teritory, the vaccination could be recommended to all people living in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- Brachial Plexus Neuritis complications rehabilitation therapy MeSH
- Encephalitis, Tick-Borne * epidemiology transmission prevention & control MeSH
- Tick Bites complications prevention & control MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Critical Care MeSH
- Rehabilitation methods MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Vaccination methods statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Viral Vaccines MeSH
- Encephalitis Viruses, Tick-Borne pathogenicity growth & development MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Keywords
- flow divertery,
- MeSH
- Balloon Occlusion MeSH
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors therapeutic use MeSH
- Intracranial Aneurysm * diagnosis complications therapy MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Brain diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Neurosurgical Procedures MeSH
- Paresis MeSH
- Postoperative Complications MeSH
- Check Tag
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
Mumps outbreaks, especially in adolescents and young adults, have been reported in the Czech Republic. The aim of the presented study was to determine the seroprevalence of specific IgG antibodies against mumps in the adult population of the Czech Republic. The study was designed as a multicenter serological survey of adults aged 18 years and over. Specific IgG antibodies against mumps were detected in blood samples using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 1,911 serum samples were examined. The overall seropositivity reached 55.3%. In individual age groups, the highest seropositivity 63% (63.5-65.2%) was recorded in adults aged 40 years and over; the lowest seropositivity was found in adults aged 18-29 years (27.4%). The difference in seropositivity rate between the 18-29 years age group and the 40 years and over age groups was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Only the 18-29 years age group included both vaccinated and unvaccinated (born in the pre-vaccine era) individuals. In vaccinated individuals, seropositivity was reported in only 19.1% of persons; in unvaccinated individuals, seropositivity reached 48.2%. Our results demonstrate the long-term persistence of antibodies following natural infection and the decrease in seropositivity that occurs after vaccination over time. This immunity waning may account for the higher susceptibility of adolescents and young adults to mumps. Therefore, the current vaccination program in the Czech Republic could be considered as less effective. It will be modified with the shifting of the second dose of vaccine from two years of age to the preschool age.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Disease Outbreaks prevention & control MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Immunization Programs methods MeSH
- Mumps blood immunology prevention & control MeSH
- Antibodies, Viral blood immunology MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Seroepidemiologic Studies MeSH
- Measles immunology prevention & control MeSH
- Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine immunology MeSH
- Vaccination methods MeSH
- Mumps virus immunology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Keywords
- syndrom reverzibilní mozkové vazokonstrikce,
- MeSH
- Middle Cerebral Artery pathology MeSH
- Headache diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Brain * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Nausea MeSH
- Cerebral Arterial Diseases diagnosis etiology therapy MeSH
- Nimodipine administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Blindness etiology MeSH
- Syndrome MeSH
- Vasodilator Agents MeSH
- Vasoconstriction * MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
AIMS: In recent years, Europe has recorded an increase in the number of measles outbreaks despite the implementation of vaccination into the National Immunization Programs. The Czech Republic introduced vaccination against measles into National Immunization Program in 1969. The aim of this study was to determine seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against measles in adults. METHODS: Our study was designed as a prospective, multicenter cohort study. Samples of blood were taken from adults aged 18 years and over. Specific IgG antibodies were determined by ELISA method. RESULTS: A number of 1911 sera samples were obtained. The total seropositivity reached 83.3%, 14.3% of the results were negative and 2.4% were borderline. When comparing the individual age groups, the highest antibody seropositivity (> 96%) was detected in persons aged 50 years and over who were naturally infected in pre-vaccine era. The lowest seropositivity was recorded in the age groups 30-39 years (61.5%), 40-49 years (77.5%) and 18-29 years (81.1%). CONCLUSIONS: A long term high rate of seropositivity persists after natural measles infection. By contrast, it decreases over time after vaccination. Similarly, the concentrations of antibodies in persons with measles history persist for a longer time at a higher level than in vaccinated persons. Our results indicate possible gap in measles protection in adults born after implementation of vaccination into the National Immunization Programs. There are two probable reasons, decrease of measles antibody seropositivity in time after vaccination in setting of limited natural booster and one-dose vaccination schedule used in the first years after implementation.
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Disease Outbreaks prevention & control MeSH
- Mass Vaccination MeSH
- Immunoglobulin G blood MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Immunization Programs standards MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Seroepidemiologic Studies MeSH
- Measles Vaccine immunology therapeutic use MeSH
- Measles epidemiology immunology prevention & control transmission MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged, 80 and over MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Multicenter Study MeSH
- Observational Study MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic epidemiology MeSH
The object of this study was to investigate the effect of probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) (i) EcN lipopolysaccharide (EcN LPS) and (ii) bacteria-free supernatant of EcN suspension (EcN supernatant) on in vitro transepithelial transport of mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA), the most commonly prescribed anti-inflammatory drug in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Effect of co-administered EcN LPS (100 µg/ml) or EcN supernatant (50 µg/ml) on the 5-ASA transport (300 µmol/l) was studied using the Caco-2 monolayer (a human colon carcinoma cell line) as a model of human intestinal absorption. Permeability characteristics for absorptive and secretory transport of parent drug and its intracellularly-formed metabolite were determined. The quantification of 5-ASA and its main metabolite N-acetyl-5-amino-salicylic acid (N-Ac-5-ASA) was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. Obtained results suggest that neither EcN LPS nor EcN supernatant had effect on the total 5-ASA transport (secretory flux greater than absorptive flux) and on the transport of intracellularly formed N-Ac-5-ASA (preferentially transported in the secretory direction). The percent cumulative transport of the total 5-ASA alone or in combination with EcN LPS or EcN supernatant did not exceed 1%.
- MeSH
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal metabolism MeSH
- Biological Transport drug effects MeSH
- Caco-2 Cells MeSH
- Epithelial Cells cytology drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Escherichia coli chemistry MeSH
- Intracellular Space drug effects metabolism MeSH
- Culture Media, Conditioned chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Lipopolysaccharides pharmacology MeSH
- Mesalamine metabolism MeSH
- Permeability drug effects MeSH
- Probiotics chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The aim of the study was 1) to estimate permeability of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), 2) to categorize 5-ASA according to BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System), and 3) to contribute to determination of 5-ASA transintestinal transport and biotransformation mechanisms. The in situ rat intestine perfusion was used as an initial method to study 5-ASA transport. The amount of 5-ASA (released from tablet) transferred into portal circulation reached 5.79 ± 0.24%. During this transport, the intestinal formation of 5-ASA main metabolite (N-ac-5-ASA) occurred. N-ac-5-ASA was found in perfusate both from intestinal lumen and from v. portae. In in vitro Caco-2 monolayers, transport of 5-ASA (10-1000 µmol/l) was studied in apical-basolateral and basolateral-apical direction (iso-pH 7.4 conditions). The transport of total 5-ASA (parent drug plus intracellularly formed N-ac-5-ASA) was linear with time, concentration- and direction-dependent. Higher basolateral-apical (secretory) transport was mainly caused by higher transport of the metabolite (suggesting metabolite efflux transport). Transport of 5-ASA (only parent drug) was saturable (transepithelial carrier-mediated) at low doses, dominated by passive, paracellular process in higher doses which was confirmed by increased 5-ASA transport using Ca2+-free transport medium. The estimated low 5-ASA permeability and its low solubility enable to classify 5-ASA as BCS class IV.
- MeSH
- Biotransformation MeSH
- Caco-2 Cells MeSH
- Intestinal Absorption * MeSH
- Intracellular Space metabolism MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mesalamine classification metabolism MeSH
- Perfusion MeSH
- Permeability MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Intestines cytology metabolism MeSH
- Cell Survival MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
