- MeSH
- alergeny MeSH
- alergie * diagnóza MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
- imunizace MeSH
- imunoenzymatické techniky MeSH
- imunoglobulin E MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- zkřížené reakce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
Mutual interactions were investigated between intracellular parasitic bacterium Francisella tularensis (F.t.; highly virulent bacterium responsible for tularemia, replicating within the host macrophages) and murine macrophage-like cell line J774. Recombinant murine lymphokine INF-gamma and/or LPS derived from E. coli were determined to stimulate in vitro antimicrobial activity of macrophage-like J774 cell line against the live vaccine strain (LVS) of F.t. through their ability to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. F.t. infection up-regulated IL-12 p40 production and down-regulated TNF-alpha production by stimulated macrophages; on the other hand, F.t. infection did not affect the production of IL-8, IL-6, MCP-5, and RANTES by stimulated macrophages. This showed that F.t. infection modulates the cytokine synthesis by J774 macrophage cell line.
Tuberkulóza (TBC) je celosvětově rozšířené onemocnění postihující všechny věkové skupiny a zasahující jakékoliv orgány, především plíce. V závislosti na individuální imunitní reaktivitě infikovaného jedince, významně podmíněné genetickou dispozicí, může dojít buď k eliminaci mykobakterií, latentní infekci, nebo manifestnímu onemocnění. M. tuberculosis obsažené v granulomu pacientů s latentní infekcí, mohou přežívat i desítky let v těle postiženého bez známek onemocnění. Zmnožení těchto mykobakterií a reaktivace onemocnění nastává následkem přirozeného oslabení imunitního systému, nebo při užívání léků potlačujících imunitu. Testování pro latentní tuberkulózu je indikováno v případě zvýšeného rizika rozvinutí aktivní tuberkulózy. Tato situace nastává u jedinců, kteří byli v těsném kontaktu s aktivní tuberkulózou, u rizika reaktivace infekce vlivem narušené imunity nebo při suspektním nálezu na plicích. Nová generace krevních testů založených na specifické buněčné imunitní reakci se zdá být vhodnou náhradou Mantoux testu (MT) pro diagnostiku latentní infekce M. tuberculosis. QuantiFERON-TB Gold test využívá ELISA metodu pro hodnocení IFN-? vytvořeného antigen specifickými T lymfocyty. QuantiFERON-TB Gold test byl schválen řadou národních autorizačních institucí (např. FDA, EU) pro použití v diagnostice latentní i aktivní infekce M. tuberculosis. Výhodou testu je minimální zátěž pro pacienta. Relativní nevýhodou QFT-G jsou však vyšší materiálové náklady. Ale díky jeho vyšší specifitě v porovnání s MT QFT-G test snižuje náklady za následné RTG vyšetření a další laboratorní testy. Dále snižuje náklady za neopodstatněnou profylaktickou léčbu falešně pozitivních pacientů hodnocených MT. Dle pravidel NICE je QFT-G test doporučován k vyloučení aktivní TBC. U latentní TBC naopak k potvrzení infekce, která může vést ke vzplanutí klinicky manifestní infekce v průběhu imunosupresivní léčby zvláště tzv. biologické.
Tuberculosis (TB) is an illness that is found throughout the world and affects both children and adolescents. TB can affect all organs but mainly involves the lungs. Based on individual genetic predisposition, individual immune reactivity, and the characteristics of the particular M. tuberculosis strain, mycobacterial infection is either eliminated or localized, or clinically manifest disease develops. M. tuberculosis, which is present in viable form in granuloma of patients suffering from latent TB infection, is able to survive for decades without any clinical signs of infection. This latent infection can be reactivated, leading to M. tuberculosis multiplying and spreading throughout the body, if the patient’s immune system fails for either natural reasons (e.g. acquired immunodeficiency – AIDS, cancer) or artificial reasons (immunosuppression, cancer therapy). The presence of latent M. tuberculosis infection has to be tested if there is a risk of the development of active TB. This may occur in individuals who are in close contact with active TB or individuals with an increased risk of latent TB reactivation due to immunosuppression. Until now, the Mantoux skin test (MT) was the only approach available to support the suspicion of latent TB but has many limitations. A new generation of blood tests based on specific cell mediated immune response to M. tuberculosis antigens has now been launched. These tests do not suffer from poor MT test specificity and sensitivity. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold test is based on ELISA determination of interferon *gamma by antigen specific T cells after in vitro stimulation by specific M. tuberculosis peptidic antigens. QuantiFERON-TB Gold test has been approved for the diagnosis of both latent and active infection by M. tuberculosis. Its application is without any harm for patients. The possible drawback of this test is its price. However, the cost effectiveness of this test is substantial if all the expenditures regarding other tests needed to diagnose latent TB and treatment of incorrectly diagnosed patients with prophylactic therapy are added together. The QuantiFERON-TB Gold test is recommended by NICE guidelines for elimination of active TB. This tests is used to confirm the presence of latent M. tuberculosis infection in patients at risk of TB development especially those undergoing so-called biological treatment by anti TNF-a monoclonals.
- MeSH
- ELISA metody využití MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- imunologické testy metody využití MeSH
- interferon gama izolace a purifikace krev MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky využití MeSH
- kožní testy metody využití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rentgendiagnostika využití MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- tuberkulóza diagnóza imunologie MeSH
- vakcíny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes or neutrophils are the main executors of cellular death, both in septic inflammation during bacterial infection and in sterile inflammation during trauma or surgery. Whereas in septic inflammation neutrophils perform a useful function to fortify the host's defense against infection, in sterile inflammation, by contrast, they contribute to unwelcome tissue damage. Regardless of the situation, activated neutrophils exhibit a prolonged lifespan and delayed apoptotic death which, under normal conditions, is a prerequisite for their natural renewal. Traditionally, delayed neutrophil apoptosis was considered to promote trauma or surgical injury. According to the results of recent studies, however surprising they may appear, the reverse might be in keeping with what happens IN VIVO. Apoptotic signaling in neutrophils could, by contrast, contribute to intrinsic protection of the host's tissues. This review article, aimed preferentially but not exclusively at the cardiac surgeon, presents some new information in support of this viewpoint, which fits in with our own observations.
- MeSH
- antigeny CD95 metabolismus MeSH
- apoptóza MeSH
- ateroskleróza imunologie patologie MeSH
- bakteriální infekce imunologie patologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- kardiochirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligand Fas metabolismus MeSH
- neutrofily imunologie patologie MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcl-2 metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- zánět imunologie patologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: The scavenger receptor for complexes hemoglobin-haptoglobin (CD163), which is expressed on monocytes/ macrophages, is shed to the body fluids in a soluble form (sCD163). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the dynamics of sCD163 in the blood of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-one adult patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were enrolled in the study. They were assigned to undergo CABG using either cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), "on-pump", (22 patients), modified CPB, mini "on-pump", (17 patients) or without CPB, "off-pump", (22 patients) surgery. Serum levels of sCD163 in venous blood samples taken before and after surgery, and during an early postoperative period, were evaluated by Macro 163(TM) diagnostic kit (IQ Products, Groningen, NL). RESULTS: Compared to the preoperative levels ("on-pump"; 344 ng/mL, "off-pump"; 314.5 ng/mL, mini-invasive "on-pump"; 336.5 ng/mL) serum levels were elevated at the finish of surgery, reaching maximum at the 1(st) postoperative day ("onpump"; 658 ng/mL; p<0.05, "off-pump"; 810.5 ng/mL; p<0.01; mini-invasive "on-pump"; 663 ng/mL; non-significant).No significant differences regarding the serum levels of sCD163 between different surgical approaches were found. CONCLUSION: Serum level of sCD163 scavenger molecule for hemoglobin is elevated at the end of surgery and at the 1(st) postoperative day, being little influenced by cardiopulmonary bypass.
- MeSH
- antigeny diferenciační myelomonocytární krev MeSH
- CD antigeny krev MeSH
- haptoglobiny metabolismus MeSH
- hemoglobiny metabolismus MeSH
- kardiopulmonální bypass škodlivé účinky MeSH
- koronární bypass škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- zánět etiologie krev MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Background: Cardiac surgery provokes a systemic inflammatory response in any patient. This complex body reaction involves also RANK/RANKL molecules which have been recently identified as principal regulators of bone metabolism. Aims: To follow the changes in the expression of RANK/RANKL molecules on innate immune cells of cardiac surgical patients. Patients and Methods: Twenty-six patients undergoing cardiac surgical were assigned to undergo coronary artery bypass grafting using either cardiopulmonary bypass (“on-pump”) or modified “miniinvasive on-pump”. The expression of RANK/RANKL was performed by flow cytometry. Results: Significantly increased expression of RANK on monocytes of “miniinvasive on-pump” patients was found at the 1st, the 3nd, and 7th postoperative days. The similar pattern was found also for monocyte RANKL expression. In addition, RANKL expression was significantly increased at the 3rd postoperative day in “on-pump” patient. No significant differences between “miniinvasive on-pump” and “on-pump” cardiac surgical patients were found. Conclusion: The expression of both RANK and RANKL molecules is significantly enhanced on monocytes of “miniinvasive on-pump” cardiac surgical patients.
- MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- granulocyty metabolismus MeSH
- kardiopulmonální bypass MeSH
- koronární bypass MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligand RANK metabolismus MeSH
- monocyty metabolismus MeSH
- protein RANK metabolismus MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Activation of innate immunity cells is inseparably linked to cardiac surgical operation. The aim of this study was to assess the kinetics in the expression of receptor for Fc part of IgG, FcgammaRI (CD64), and scavenger receptor CD163 on peripheral blood cells of cardiac surgical patients and to examine the effect of cardiac bypass as a separable influence on the systemic acute inflammatory response. METHODS: Forty patients, twenty in each group, were randomly assigned to CABG surgery performed either with "on-pump" or without "off-pump" cardiopulmonary bypass. Standardized quantitative flow cytometry method was used to determine the expression of surface markers. RESULTS: The density of CD64 molecule on monocytes reached maximum on the 1st postoperative day (P<.001) whereas the peak for CD64 molecule expression on granulocytes was postponed to the 3rd postoperative day (P<.001). The expression of CD163 scavenger molecule on monocytes reached maximum on the 1st postoperative day (P<.001). The density of CD163 molecule on monocytes on the 1st postoperative day is significantly higher in "on-pump" patients in comparison with "off-pump" patients (P<.001). CONCLUSION: In cardiac surgical patients the expression of activation marker FcgammaR1 (CD64) on monocytes is increased earlier in comparison with granulocytes in both "on-pump" and "off-pump" patients. The expression of scavenger molecule CD163 on monocytes is significantly higher in "on-pump" patients.
- MeSH
- antigeny diferenciační myelomonocytární krev MeSH
- CD antigeny krev MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- infuzní pumpy MeSH
- kardiopulmonální bypass metody MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- monocyty imunologie MeSH
- nemoci srdce chirurgie krev MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu krev MeSH
- receptory IgG krev MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
