Fibroblasts, the most abundant cell type in the human body, play crucial roles in biological processes such as inflammation and cancer progression. They originate from the mesoderm or neural-crest-derived ectomesenchyme. Ectomesenchyme-derived fibroblasts contribute to facial formation and do not express HOX genes during development. The expression and role of the HOX genes in adult fibroblasts is not known. We investigated whether the developmental pattern persists into adulthood and under pathological conditions, such as cancer. We collected adult fibroblasts of ectomesenchymal and mesodermal origins from distinct body parts. The isolated fibroblasts were characterised by immunocytochemistry, and their transcriptome was analysed by whole genome profiling. Significant differences were observed between normal fibroblasts from the face (ectomesenchyme) and upper limb (mesoderm), particularly in genes associated with limb development, including HOX genes, e.g., HOXA9 and HOXD9. Notably, the pattern of HOX gene expression remained consistent postnatally, even in fibroblasts from pathological tissues, including inflammatory states and cancer-associated fibroblasts from primary and metastatic tumours. Therefore, the distinctive HOX gene expression pattern can serve as an indicator of the topological origin of fibroblasts. The influence of cell position and HOX gene expression in fibroblasts on disease progression warrants further investigation.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fibroblasty * metabolismus cytologie MeSH
- homeoboxové geny MeSH
- homeodoménové proteiny metabolismus genetika MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezoderm * metabolismus cytologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a highly potent cytokine involved in multiple biological processes. It was previously reported to play a distinct role in inflammation, autoimmune and psychiatric disorders, ageing and various types of cancer. Furthermore, it is understood that IL-6 and its signaling pathways are substantial players in orchestrating the cancer microenvironment. Thus, they appear to be potential targets in anti-tumor therapy. The aim of this article is to elucidate the role of IL-6 in the tumor ecosystem and to review the possible therapeutic approaches in head and neck cancer.
- MeSH
- interleukin-6 imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí * MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku imunologie terapie MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- zánět MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the phenotypic pattern of oral squamous epithelium is important in the histopathologic evaluation of lesions including cancer. The literature on normal epithelium is controversial as the phenotype has not been evaluated in samples from completely healthy tissue donors without a history of tobacco and alcohol exposure. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated normal upper lip fornix and gingival mucosa from carefully selected young healthy donors without a history of smoking and alcohol exposure, and keratin types 8, 10, 14, and 17, filaggrin, and Ki67 were investigated in these donors. The results were compared with profile of epithelium from leukoplakia. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that the phenotypic patterns of gingiva and upper lip fornix mucosa were different. Surprisingly, a high proportion of gingival samples exhibited keratin 8 and a suprabasal signal for keratin 14. These patterns were compared with that of human oral leukoplakia, and some phenotypic similarities were noted. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated oral epithelium phenotypic plasticity based on functional requirements of the microenvironment, which can be used in diagnosis.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ústní sliznice anatomie a histologie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Východiska. Autoři prezentují zkušenost s endoskopicky asistovanou otevřenou repozicí a interní fixací zlomenin kloubního výběžku dolní čelisti. Své výsledky demonstrují v retrospektivní studii 33 pacientů s jednostrannou subkondylární zlomeninou, kteří podstoupili v letech 2010–2015 tento operační výkon. Hodnocena byla dosažená repozice a fixace, stabilita okluze 12 měsíců po operaci a dále přítomnost komplikací. Výsledky. Vyhovující repozice (anatomické či fyziologické) bylo dosaženo u 31 pacientů. Stabilita okluze byla zhoršena u jednoho pacienta (následkem kondylární resorpce). Z komplikací dominovaly zánětlivé komplikace (4 pacienti) a přechodná paréza lícního nervu (3 pacienti). Poruchy funkce čelistního kloubu nebyly zaznamenány u žádného pacienta. Závěr. Endoskopicky asistovaná otevřená repozice a interní fixace je alternativou klasických chirurgických přístupů, vyžaduje však specializované instrumentarium a zkušený operační tým.
Background: The authors present their experience with endoscopy assisted open reduction and internal fixation of condylar fractures of the mandible. Their results are presented in a retrospective study of 33 patients with unilateral subcondylar fracture, who underwent a surgical procedure between 2010 and 2015. Reduction and fixation, stability of occlusion 12 months after the operation and also presence of complications were evaluated. Results: Satisfactory reduction (anatomic or physiologic) was achieved in 31 patients. Stability of occlusion was worse in 1 patient (due to condylar absorption). Complications included mainly inflammatory complications (4 patients) and temporary paresis of the facial nerve (3 patients). Impaired function of temporomandibular joint was not reported in any of the patients. Conclusion: Endoscopy assisted open reduction and internal fixation is an alternative to classical surgical procedures, however it requires special instrumentarium and experienced surgical team.
- MeSH
- délka operace MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- endoskopie * metody MeSH
- fraktury mandibuly * chirurgie radiografie MeSH
- infekce chirurgické rány epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- kostní destičky MeSH
- kostní šrouby MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pooperační komplikace MeSH
- poranění nervus facialis epidemiologie komplikace MeSH
- processus condylaris mandibulae chirurgie zranění MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- temporomandibulární kloub fyziologie MeSH
- vnitřní fixace fraktury * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zubní okluze MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
With the increasing demand for noninvasive approaches in monitoring head and neck cancer, circulating nucleic acids have been shown to be a promising tool. We focused on the global transcriptome of serum samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients in comparison with healthy individuals. We compared gene expression patterns of 36 samples. Twenty-four participants including 16 HNSCC patients (from 12 patients we obtained blood samples 1 year posttreatment) and 8 control subjects were recruited. The Illumina HumanWG-6 v3 Expression BeadChip was used to profile and identify the differences in serum mRNA transcriptomes. We found 159 genes to be significantly changed (Storey's P value <0.05) between normal and cancer serum specimens regardless of factors including p53 and B-cell lymphoma family members (Bcl-2, Bcl-XL). In contrast, there was no difference in gene expression between samples obtained before and after surgery in cancer patients. We suggest that microarray analysis of serum cRNA in patients with HNSCC should be suitable for refinement of early stage diagnosis of disease that can be important for development of new personalized strategies in diagnosis and treatment of tumours but is not suitable for monitoring further development of disease.
- MeSH
- analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
- apoptóza genetika MeSH
- demografie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- genom lidský genetika MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- messenger RNA krev genetika MeSH
- mikročipová analýza * MeSH
- nádorový supresorový protein p53 metabolismus MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku krev genetika patologie MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u nádorů MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- signální transdukce genetika MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom krev genetika patologie MeSH
- stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND/AIM: Stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment are primarily considered as sources of promalignant factors. The objective of our study was to define the effect of extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by normal dermal or cancer-associated fibroblasts exposed to adhesion/growth-regulatory lectin galectin-1 on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fibroblasts were cultured for 10 days with lectin, followed by removing cellular constituents after an osmotic shock. Freshly-isolated HUVECs were placed on the ECM. In parallel, HUVECs were seeded on untreated and gelatin-coated surfaces as controls. A positive control for growth of HUVECs culture using medium supplemented with vascular endothelial growth factor completed the test panel. Cells were kept in contact to the substratum for two days and then processed for immunocytochemistry. RESULTS: HUVECs seeded on fibroblast-generated ECM presented a comparatively high degree of proliferation. Furthermore, contact to substratum produced by tumor-associated fibroblasts led to generation of a meshwork especially rich in fibronectin. CONCLUSION: Galectin-1 is apparently capable to trigger ECM production favorable for growth of HUVECs, prompting further work on characterizing structural features of the ECM and in situ correlation of lectin presence, ECM constitution and neoangiogenesis.
- MeSH
- endoteliální buňky pupečníkové žíly (lidské) fyziologie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix metabolismus MeSH
- fibroblasty fyziologie MeSH
- galektin 1 farmakologie MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí * MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Galectins are potent effectors of cell adhesion and growth regulation. Their expression as comples network necessitates systematic study of each member of this family. Toward this aim, we here focus on the tandem-repeat-type galectin-9. Its presence is monitored in normal squamous epithelium of the head and neck, the surgical margin, and four types of squamous cell carcinoma. Lectin presence was detected in cells of the basal layer of the epithelium. All galectin-9-negative epithelia showed aberrant positivity for keratins 14 and 19. The surgical margin presented either a normal pattern of galectin-9 and keratin presence or a mosaic-like presence/absence of galectin-9 and aberrant expression of both keratins 14 and 19. All studied specimens of squamous cell carcinoma were negative for galectin-9. When biotinylated galectin-9, or its N-terminal domain, was tested, no significant tissue reactivity for both probes was observed. Neuraminidase treatment generated reactivity to the N-domain. In conclusion, galectin-9 is expressed in the majority of samples of normal epithelium, along with regular presence of keratins 14 or 19. This lectin can represent a potential marker of normality in the cases of the studied squamous cell epithelia.
- MeSH
- aktiny analýza MeSH
- antigeny CD45 analýza MeSH
- buněčná adheze MeSH
- buněčná diferenciace MeSH
- buněčný rodokmen MeSH
- epitel patologie MeSH
- galektiny analýza genetika MeSH
- keratin-14 analýza MeSH
- keratin-19 analýza MeSH
- keratin-8 analýza MeSH
- leukocyty patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myofibroblasty patologie MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku patologie MeSH
- nádory hltanu patologie MeSH
- nádory hrtanu patologie MeSH
- nádory jazyka patologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom patologie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- tandemové repetitivní sekvence genetika MeSH
- tonzilární nádory patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
It has been shown that fibroblasts within the stroma of malignant tumours can affect the tumour's biological character, influencing such properties as local aggressiveness and metastasis potential. This influence is asserted via paracrine secretion of multiple cell factors, including chemokines. This study demonstrates that both normal keratinocytes and cancer cells can stimulate the secretion of chemokines IL-8 and CXCL-1 from normal dermal fibroblasts and stromal fibroblasts from squamous cell carcinoma. The effect of epithelia on normal fibroblasts leads to a transient secretory change, in contrast to stromal fibroblasts which generate a more prolonged one. This observation demonstrates that stimulated expression of both IL-8 and CXCL-1 is not specific to cancer, supporting the hypothesis that similar mechanisms exist between wound healing and oncogenesis. It also shows that stromal fibroblasts isolated from a tumour have significantly different features from normal fibroblasts.
- MeSH
- buňky stromatu sekrece MeSH
- chemokin CXCL1 sekrece MeSH
- fibroblasty sekrece MeSH
- hojení ran fyziologie MeSH
- interleukin-8 sekrece MeSH
- keratinocyty fyziologie MeSH
- kokultivační techniky MeSH
- kultivační média speciální MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádorové proteiny sekrece MeSH
- nádory hypofaryngu patologie sekrece MeSH
- nádory kůže patologie sekrece MeSH
- rychlost sekrece MeSH
- škára cytologie MeSH
- spinocelulární karcinom patologie sekrece MeSH
- upregulace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
