Urinary tract infections represent common nosocomial infectious diseases. Bacteriocin production has been recently described as a putative virulence factor in these infections but studies focusing particularly on Pseudomonas aeruginosa are not available. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of the bacteriocin genes, their co-occurrence and their co-association with previously detected virulence factors in a set of 135 P. aeruginosa strains from catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The overall bacteriocinogeny reached 96.3 % with an average of 3.6 genes per strain. The most frequently detected determinants were the encoded pyocins S4 (76.3 %), R (69.6 %), and S2 (67.4 %). A statistically significant co-occurrence and a negative relationship were observed between several pyocin types. Particular pyocins exhibited associations with biofilm formation, production of pyochelin, pyocyanin, antibiotic-degrading enzymes, overall strain susceptibility and resistance, and motility of the strain. Co-occurrence of the pyocins S2 and S4 (p<0.0001; Z = 13.15), both utilizating the ferripyoverdine receptor FpvAI, was found but no relation to pyoverdine production was detected. A negative association (p = 0.0047; Z=-2.83) was observed between pyochelin and pyocin S5 utilising the ferripyochelin receptor FptA. Pairwise assays resulted in 52.1 % inhibition which was equally distributed between soluble and particle types of antimicrobials. In conclusion, pyocin determinants appear to be important characteristics of CAUTI-related P. aeruginosa isolates and could contribute to their urovirulence.

• MeSH
• bakteriociny genetika   MeSH
• faktory virulence genetika   MeSH
• infekce močového ústrojí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• katétry mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa * genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Akutní purulentní perikarditida je život ohrožující onemocnění s vysokou mortalitou. Incidence je nízká, přibližně 1 % všech případů perikarditidy. V západních zemích jsou nejčastějšími patogeny stafylokoky, streptokoky a pneumokoky, zatímco s mykobateriální etiologií se lze častěji setkat v rozvojových zemích. Popisujeme případ 71letého muže s cirhózou jater, u něhož došlo k rozvoji akutní purulentní perikarditidy. Toto onemocnění vyvolala grampozitivní bakterie druhu Clostridium septicum, která se běžně vyskytuje u infekcí asociovaných s nádory gastrointestinálního traktu. Přes dlouhodobou cílenou léčbu antibiotiky vedla infekce k rozvoji endokarditidy, která si vyžádala urgentní náhradu aortální chlopně.

Acute purulent pericarditis is a life threatening disease with a high mortality. It has a low incidence; approximately 1% of all cases of pericarditis. In the Western world the most common aetiology are staphylococci, streptococci and pneumococci, while the mycobacterial aetiology is more common in developing countries. We describe the case of a 71-year-old man suffering from liver cirrhosis with an acute purulent pericarditis. The organism responsible for his pericarditis was Clostridium septicum; a Gram-positive obligatory pathogen, commonly associated with gastrointestinal tumours. Despite the prolonged, targeted antibiotic therapy, the infection resulted in endocarditis and the need for an urgent replacement of aortic valve.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Clostridium septicum patogenita   MeSH
• endokarditida komplikace   MeSH
• fatální výsledek MeSH
• klostridiové infekce * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   komplikace   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• péče o pacienty v kritickém stavu MeSH
• penicilin G aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• perikarditida * diagnóza   etiologie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• srdeční selhání etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

BACKGROUND: The presence of more than one bacterial agent is relatively rare in infective endocarditis, although more common in prosthetic cases. Molecular diagnosis from a removed heart tissue is considered a quick and effective way to diagnose fastidious or intracellular agents. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we describe the case of postpartum polymicrobial prosthetic valve endocarditis in a young woman. Sneathia sanguinegens and Mycoplasma hominis were simultaneously detected from the heart valve sample using broad range 16S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by sequencing while culture remained negative. Results were confirmed by independent PCR combined with denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Before the final agent identification, the highly non-compliant patient left from the hospital against medical advice on empirical intravenous treatment with aminopenicillins, clavulanate and gentamicin switched to oral amoxycillin and clavulanate. Four months after surgery, no signs of inflammation were present despite new regurgitation and valve leaflet flail was detected. However, after another 5 months the patient died from sepsis and recurrent infective endocarditis of unclarified etiology. CONCLUSIONS: Mycoplasma hominis is a rare causative agent of infective endocarditis. To the best of our knowledge, presented case is the first report of Sneathia sanguinegens detected in this condition. Molecular techniques were shown to be useful even in polymicrobial infective endocarditis samples.

• MeSH
• amoxicilin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• bakteriální endokarditida farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• infekce bakteriemi čeledi Fusobacteriaceae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• infekce spojené s protézou farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Leptotrichia genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Mycoplasma hominis genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• mykoplazmové infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• poporodní období MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• srdeční chlopně umělé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of this study was to analyse genotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and serotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains, including the clonal dissemination of particular strains throughout various intensive care units in one medical centre. Using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD-PCR) and P. aeruginosa antisera, 22 different genotypes and 8 serotypes were defined among 103 isolates from 48 patients. No direct association between P. aeruginosa strain genotypes and serotypes was observed. RAPD typing in strains with the same serotype revealed different genotypes and, on the contrary, most strains with a different serotype displayed the same amplification pattern. The resulting banding patterns showed a high degree of genetic heterogeneity among all isolates from the patients examined, suggesting a non-clonal relationship between isolates from these patients. A higher degree of antibiotic resistance and stronger biofilm production in common genotypes compared to rare ones and genetic homogeneity of the most resistant strains indicated the role of antibiotic pressure in acquiring resistant and more virulent strains in our hospital. In conclusion, genetic characterisation of P. aeruginosa strains using RAPD method was shown to be more accurate in epidemiological analyses than phenotyping.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• biofilmy * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pseudomonádové infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• technika náhodné amplifikace polymorfní DNA MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

The aim of the study was to establish a diagnostic value for broad-range polymerase chain reaction (br-PCR) and staphylococci-specific multiplex PCR (ssm-PCR) performed on surgical material from patients with staphylococcal infective endocarditis (IE). Data were analysed retrospectively from 60 patients with suspected staphylococcal IE and 59 controls who were surgically treated at three cardiosurgery centres over 4 years. Both PCR tests showed high agreement and could be aggregated. In patients with definite and rejected IE, the clinical sensitivity and specificity of PCR reached 89 and 95%, respectively. Tissue culture (TC) and PCR agreed with blood culture (BC) in 29% and 67% of IE cases. TC helped to determine aetiology in five BC negative cases while PCR aided in nine cases. Out of 52 patients with conclusive staphylococcal IE, 40 were diagnosed with S. aureus and 12 with coagulase-negative staphylococci. PCR was shown to be highly superior to TC in confirming preoperative diagnosis of IE. In addition to aid in culture negative patients, PCR helped to establish or refine aetiology in inconclusive cases. We suggest that simultaneous br-PCR and ssm-PCR performed on surgical material together with histopathology could significantly increase the performance of current Duke criteria.

• MeSH
• bakteriologické techniky metody   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární metody   MeSH
• endokarditida diagnóza   mikrobiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

High-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) is a fast (post-PCR) high-throughput method to scan for sequence variations in a target gene. The aim of this study was to test the potential of HRMA to distinguish particular bacterial species of the Staphylococcus genus even when using a broad-range PCR within the 16S rRNA gene where sequence differences are minimal. Genomic DNA samples isolated from 12 reference staphylococcal strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus caprae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus intermedius, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus warneri, and Staphylococcus xylosus) were subjected to a real-time PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene in the presence of fluorescent dye EvaGreen™, followed by HRMA. Melting profiles were used as molecular fingerprints for bacterial species differentiation. HRMA of S. saprophyticus and S. xylosus resulted in undistinguishable profiles because of their identical sequences in the analyzed 16S rRNA region. The remaining reference strains were fully differentiated either directly or via high-resolution plots obtained by heteroduplex formation between coamplified PCR products of the tested staphylococcal strain and phylogenetically unrelated strain.

• MeSH
• DNA bakterií chemie   MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting metody   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• heteroduplexní analýza MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S chemie   genetika   MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sekvenční seřazení MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Staphylococcus klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• tranzitní teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Cardiobacterium valvarum, a fastidious Gram-negative bacterium, was detected in the aortic valve of a previously healthy 63-year-old man by broad-range PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. In contrast to the patients in five previously published cases, our patient had neither a congenital bicuspid nor a prosthetic aortic valve. Here, we present a case of C. valvarum native tricuspid aortic valve infective endocarditis and a review of the literature.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• aortální chlopeň parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• bakteriální endokarditida farmakoterapie   chirurgie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Cardiobacterium izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• cefotaxim aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• gentamiciny aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci srdečních chlopní mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH