PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The preferred treatment of giant cell tumor of bone is curettage with the use of local adjuvant. If the tumor spreads beyond the bone into soft tissues, en bloc excision should be performed. Intralesional curettage allows joint preservation, but it is associated with a high recurrence rate. The purpose of the study was to identify the risk factors for local recurrence and to compare the functional outcomes after both types of surgical procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS The group included 16 patients (5 women, 11 men) with giant cell tumor of bone in distal forearm treated at the First Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Anne s University Hospital Brno in 2005-2019. The mean age of patients was 38 years (22-53). The follow-up period was 6.75 years (2-15) on average. The most common location of the tumor was distal radius (14). In 6 patients denosumab treatment was indicated. Based on the obtained data, we compared the effects of gender, Campanacci grade, type of surgery and administration of denosumab on the risk of local recurrence. The functional outcomes were evaluated retrospectively based on the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society scoring system for upper limb salvage surgeries. RESULTS Resection and reconstruction using an osteocartilaginous allograft was performed in 9 patients. Seven patients were treated with tumor curettage with bone cement used to fill the cavity. The group of patients who underwent curettage showed a significantly higher mean MSTS score 89% compared to the group of patients with resection with the mean MSTS score 66% (P < 0.05). Local tumor recurrence was reported in 3 patients (18.75%). No statistically significant difference was found in gender, tumor grade, radicality of surgery or administration of targeted therapy with respect to the incidence of local recurrence. Altogether 6 complications (37.5%) were observed in the group. DISCUSSION The treatment of a giant cell tumor of bone aims to completely remove the tumor and to preserve the best possible function of the limb. The complications in distal forearm involve particularly an increase incidence of local recurrence and painful or limited range of motion of the wrist. Whereas curettage with the use of local adjuvant is burdened with a higher recurrence rate, resection with allograft reconstruction of bone defect is usually associated with poorer functional outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Tumor curettage using local adjuvant is preferred in a well-circumscribed tumor and offers an excellent functional outcome. En bloc tumor resection and reconstruction using an osteocartilaginous allograft is a suitable treatment option for a locally advanced tumor with a low risk of local recurrence. Key words: giant cell tumor of bone, distal radius, distal ulna, curettage, osteocartilaginous allograft.
- MeSH
- denosumab MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory kostí * patologie MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- obrovskobuněčný nádor kosti * patologie chirurgie MeSH
- radius chirurgie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- ulna patologie chirurgie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Východiska: IgG4 tvoří nejméně zastoupenou podtřídu imunoglobulinů G (IgG) a od ostatních protilátek se odlišují svými zvláštními vlastnostmi. I když jejich funkce v imunitní odpovědi není zcela jasná, uplatňují se zejména v regulaci imunitní odpovědi. IgG4 je tvořen v důsledku chronické nebo silné antigenní stimulace, přičemž v takové situaci se stává dominantně tvořenou podtřídou IgG. IgG4 hrají klíčovou roli v imunitní toleranci u alergií a nádorů. Tolerogenní potenciál IgG4 se uplatňuje v léčbě alergických onemocnění pomocí alergenové imunoterapie, zároveň se však také podílí na navození imunologické tolerance v mikroprostředí nádorů, což podporuje nádorovou progresi. S IgG4 souvisí poměrně nedávno popsané skupiny patologických stavů. Kromě IgG4-autoimunitních onemocnění se jedná zejména o IgG4-asociovaná onemocnění (IgG4-related disease – IgG4-RD). Jedná se o skupinu imunitně podmíněných onemocnění, u kterých dochází k tvorbě fibrózních a sklerotizujících ložisek v různých orgánech lidského těla, což vede k postupnému postižení jejich funkce. Mezi nejčastěji postižené orgány patří pankreas a velké slinné žlázy, přičemž dalšími postiženými orgány bývají orbity a slzné žlázy, biliární cesty, plíce, ledviny, retroperitoneum, aorta, meningy a štítná žláza. Není zcela jasné, zda se u těchto pacientů vyskytují nádorová onemocnění s vyšší frekvencí oproti běžné populaci, nicméně vztah mezi IgG4 a nádorovými onemocněními má ještě jinou rovinu. IgG4-RD totiž velmi často v zobrazovacích metodách imponují jako pokročilá nádorová onemocnění, proto by se na jejich existenci mělo myslet také v diferenciální diagnostice maligních stavů. Cíl: Cílem tohoto sdělení je zvýšit povědomí klinických onkologů o diagnóze IgG4-asociovaných onemocnění, která mohou svým obrazem imitovat nádorová onemocnění různých orgánů v lidském těle. Proto je potřeba na ně pomýšlet také v diferenciální diagnostice maligních onemocnění.
Background: IgG4 is the least represented subclass of human imunnoglobulines G (IgG) in serum and differs from other antibodies by its unique biological properties. Although its function in the immune response is not entirely clear, it is mainly involved in the regulation of the immune response. It is formed as a result of chronic or strong antigenic stimulation; in such a case, it becomes a predominantly formed IgG subclass. IgG4 play a key role in the immune tolerance in allergies and tumors. The tolerogenic potential of IgG4 is used in the treatment of allergic diseases using the allergen immunotherapy; at the same time, it is also involved in inducing the immunological tolerance in the microenvironment of tumors, which promotes tumor progression. The increase of serum IgG4 is associated with relatively recently described groups of diseases. In addition to the IgG4-autoimmune diseases, it is mainly connected with IgG4-associated diseases (IgG4-RD) where various organs of the human body are affected by the formation of fibrous and sclerosing deposits in this group of the immune-mediated diseases, which leads to specific organ dysfunction. The most commonly affected organs include the pancreas and large salivary glands; moreover, the orbits and lacrimal glands, the biliary tract, the lungs, the kidneys, the retroperitoneum, the aorta, the meninges, and the thyroid gland may also be affected. It is not entirely clear whether these patients have a higher prevalence of cancer than the general population; however, there is also another relationship between IgG4 and cancer. IgG4-RD very often imitate advanced cancer in medical imaging techniques, so its existence should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of malignancies. Purpose: The aim of this article is to draw attention of clinical oncologists to the issue of IgG4-associated diseases group which can mimic cancer condition in various organs in the human body. Therefore, it is necessary to bear them in mind in the differential diagnosis of malignant diseases.
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Imunohistochemie a molekulární patologie hrají důležitou roli v diagnostice některých ložiskových lézí kostí. Tyto metody mohou značně prospět pro odlišení primárních nádorů kostí od metastáz a umožňují biologicky významnou subklasifikaci kulatobuněčných sarkomů. V poslední době se výrazně zlepšila diagnostická přesnost orgánových a nádorově specifických protilátek. Znalost nových typů protilátek a jejich smysluplné použití dovoluje přesné zařazení většiny nediferencovaných karcinomů neznámého origa. V kostních biopsiích může být ale v důsledku přechozí dekalcifikace interpretace výsledků imunohistochemického barvení a molekulárně genetických analýz obtížná. Tento článek shrnuje nejdůležitější algoritmy pro diagnostiku kostních nádorů. Zmíněny jsou nejčastěji užívané tkáňově specifické protilátky. Diskutovány jsou také nové pokroky v pochopení onkogeneze kostních nádorů.
Immunohistochemistry and molecular pathology play an essential role in the diagnosis of some focal bone lesions. These techniques may greatly help to distinguish primary bone tumors from metastatic diseases and allow a biologically important refinements in subclassification of round cell sarcomas. Recently, the diagnostic accuracy of organ and tumor specific antibodies has improved significantly. Knowledge of new type of antibodies and their meaningful use enables an accurate classification of the most undifferentiated carcinomas of unknown primary. However, the interpretation of immunohistochemical stains and molecular genetic analysis can be difficult in bone biopsies due to previous decalcification. This article summarizes the most important algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of bone tumors. It outlines the most frequently used tissue-specific antibodies. New advances in the understanding of bone tumorigenesis are also discussed.
- Klíčová slova
- odvápnění, kulatobuněčné tumory, kostní metastázy,
- MeSH
- imunohistochemie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfom diagnóza MeSH
- metastázy nádorů diagnóza MeSH
- nádory kostí * diagnóza sekundární MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Myxoidní nádory měkkých tkání tvoří různorodou skupinu, jejímž společným znakem je produkce velkého množství gelovité extracelulární matrix tvořené mukopolysacharidy s velkým obsahem vody, což ovlivňuje jejich vzhled na zobrazovacích metodách, včetně charakteristického ultrazvukového obrazu. Cílem práce je představit charakteristický ultrazvukový obraz myxoidních lézí ze skupiny nenádorových afekcí (Bakerova cysta, ganglion), benigních myxoidních nádorů (myxom, schwannom) a myxoidních sarkomů (myxofibrosarkom, myxoidní liposarkom). Důležité je také upozornění na možná diagnostická úskalí spočívající v záměně myxoidních sarkomů za tekutinové kolekce či benigní nádory. Podkladem jsou potom naše zkušenosti ze souboru 252 myxoidních nádorů měkkých tkání vyšetřených na našem pracovišti v letech 2008 až 2018 a literární údaje.
Myxoid soft-tissue tumors are a heterogenous group characterized by the production of gelatinous myxoid extracellular matrix consists of mucopolysaccharids with high water content. This fact is responsible for its imaging features, and also its appearance on ultrasound. The aim of this article is to present typical ultrasound appearance of myxoid non-tumorous leasions (Bakers cyst, ganglion), benign myxoid tumors (myxoma, schwannoma) and myxoid sarcomas (myxofibrosarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma). Important are possible diagnostic pitfalls consisting in risk of myxoid sarcoma confusion with fluid collections or with benign tumors. This article is based on our experience with a set of 252 myxoid tumors examined at our departement between 2008 and 2018 and on the literary facts.
- MeSH
- cystická ganglia diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- fibrosarkom diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myxoidní liposarkom diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- myxom diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- myxosarkom diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- nádory měkkých tkání * diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- neurofibrom diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- popliteální cysta diagnostické zobrazování diagnóza MeSH
- ultrasonografie * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To evaluate the results of incisional open biopsies and ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies for musculoskeletal lesions in extremity and limb girdle locations. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 2019, 176 open incisional biopsies were performed at our department, 113 from bone lesions and 63 from soft tissue lesions. In the period of September 2019 to February 2020, we started performing also ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies from soft tissue lesions in limited indications, namely in 23 cases. The diagnostic accuracy, complications and pain associated with the procedure were evaluated. RESULTS Of 113 open incisional biopsies of bone, 91.1% was fully representative and 6.2% non-representative with an indication for re-biopsy. In 53 cases another surgical procedure followed, which fully confirmed the diagnosis made based on the biopsy in 79.2%. In 7.5% the diagnosis slightly changed, with no therapeutic impact, in 5.7% the histological grade was changed, and in 7.5% the diagnosis was substantially modified. Complications appeared in 9.8% of cases. The procedure was associated with pain expressed by an increase in VAS score by 2.7 points. Of 63 soft tissue open incisional biopsies, 100% was fully representative. In 30 cases another surgical procedure followed, which fully confirmed the diagnosis made based on the biopsy in 96.7%, in one case the diagnosis was changed from aggressive benign lesion to a low-grade sarcoma. Complications appeared in 6.4% of cases. The procedure was associated with pain expressed by an increase in VAS score by 1.4 points. Of 23 ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies from soft tissues in limited indications, 100% was representative. In 11 cases another surgical procedure followed, which fully confirmed the diagnosis made based on the biopsy in 81.8%, in 2 cases the diagnosis was slightly changed, with no therapeutic impact or a change of histological grade. No complications were reported. The procedure was associated with minimal pain expressed by an increase in VAS score by 0.1 points. When comparing the group of soft tissue open incisional biopsies and ultrasound-guided core needle biopsies, a statistically significant less pain associated with the procedure was found in the group of core needle biopsies. CONCLUSIONS The biopsy of musculoskeletal tumors should be performed at specialty centers for treatment of these rare conditions. In that case it produces good results and is associated with a low rate of complications. Indications for open biopsy or core needle biopsy must be assessed individually. Key words: musculoskeletal tumors, bone and soft tissue sarcomas, open incisional biopsy, core needle biopsy, fine needle aspiration biopsy, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy.
- MeSH
- biopsie dutou jehlou MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- intervenční ultrasonografie MeSH
- končetiny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory kostí * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- peroperační kryotomové vyšetření,
- MeSH
- biopsie klasifikace metody MeSH
- cytogenetické vyšetření MeSH
- histologické techniky metody MeSH
- imunohistochemie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
- sarkom * diagnóza klasifikace patologie MeSH
- staging nádorů MeSH
- stupeň nádoru MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The term "idiopathic calcifying tenosynovitis" (ICT) refers to a clinically and radiologically defined syndrome of pain and tendinous calcifications, most often involving the shoulder joint. A distinctive subset of ICT cases, termed "tenosynovitis with psammomatous calcifications" (TPC), occurs in the distal extremities and shows characteristic morphology, in particular psammomatous calcifications. As only 14 cases have been reported to date, TPC remains poorly recognized by both pathologists and clinicians. Twenty-three well-characterized cases of TPC along with all available radiologic and clinical information, including follow-up, were collected. Cases occurred in 21 females and 1 male (1 patient of unknown sex), aged 16 to 75 years (mean: 41), and almost exclusively involved the fingers and toes, except for one case in the elbow and one in the knee joint. The lesions ranged from 2 to 30 mm in size (mean: 10 mm). Pain was the most common presenting symptom (12/16 patients). A history of trauma or repetitive activity was present in 6 of 15 patients. None of the individuals was known to have disorders in calcium or phosphate metabolism. Radiographic studies showed a nonspecific, calcified mass. Typical morphologic features of TPC were invariably present, with degenerating tendinous tissue containing psammomatous calcifications, surrounded by a variably cellular, CD68/CD163/CD4-positive histiocyte-rich granulomatous host reaction. HUMARA assay in one case showed a polyclonal pattern. Clinical follow-up (19 patients; mean: 5.2 y; range: 1 to 14 y) showed no local recurrences. In this, the largest study of TPC to date, we confirm striking predilection of this distinctive pseudoneoplasm for the fingers and toes of young to middle-aged women. TPC should be rigorously distinguished from other forms of ICT, which typically involve large, proximal joints, and show simply dystrophic calcification involving tendinous tissues, and from tumoral calcinosis, which also involves large joints and often is associated with calcium and/or phosphate abnormalities. TPC appears to be related to trauma and/or repetitive activity and is cured with simple excision.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kalcinóza patologie MeSH
- končetiny patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- tenosynovitida patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIMS: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are known markers playing complex roles in tumorigenesis. However, the function of TAMs in a variety of malignancies is not yet fully understood. The aim of this pilot study was to quantify the density of TAMs in Ewing sarcoma and to determine the correlation between TAMs and clinicopathological parameters. METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, the expressions of CD68 and CD163 were examined in 24 tissue samples of Ewing sarcoma of bone. The density of CD68 and CD163-positive TAMs was analyzed quantitatively and semi-quantitatively and statistically correlated with clinical parameters. RESULTS: CD163-positive TAMs outnumbered CD68-positive cells (median of 130 vs 96, respectively). No statistically significant relatio nship was found between density of CD68-positive cells, clinical parameters or prognosis. However, high levels of CD163-positive TAMs were associated with localized disease (P=0.008). In cases with a higher density of CD163-positive cells, a trend toward longer survival was revealed (P=0.063). CONCLUSION: This is the first study that has quantified CD163 expression in TAMs in Ewing sarcoma and showed its possible prognostic value. CD163 was confirmed to be a more specific marker of macrophages than CD68. CD163 is not an exclusive hallmark of M2 macrophages.
- MeSH
- antigeny diferenciační myelomonocytární fyziologie MeSH
- CD antigeny fyziologie MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Ewingův sarkom patologie MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- makrofágy metabolismus MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie metabolismus MeSH
- nádorové mikroprostředí MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- proliferace buněk fyziologie MeSH
- receptory buněčného povrchu fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH