OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship among the professional role (student or professor), geographic location, and mental health in the university community after the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: . Quantitative cross-sectional study conducted at universities in Spain, Germany, and the Czech Republic. Non-probability convenience sampling was used, obtaining a sample of 449 participants (372 students and 77 professors). Mental health was assessed using the Scale for Mood Evaluation (EVEA), measuring sadness-depression, anxiety, anger-hostility, and happiness. RESULTS: Significant differences were found between students and professors, with students reporting higher levels of sadness-depression (3.8 vs. 2.4; p<0.001), anxiety (4.6 vs. 2.9; p<0.001), and anger-hostility (3.4 vs. 2.5; p<0.01). Professors showed higher levels of happiness (6.7 vs. 5.4; p<0.001). In addition, differences among countries were observed: participants from Spain showed higher levels of sadness-depression and anxiety compared to Germany and the Czech Republic. CONCLUSION: University students have greater emotional vulnerability than professors, highlighting the need for differentiated psy-chosocial support strategies in the academic setting.
- MeSH
- Faculty * psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- COVID-19 * psychology epidemiology MeSH
- Depression epidemiology MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Mental Health * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Cross-Cultural Comparison MeSH
- Happiness MeSH
- Students * psychology statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Universities MeSH
- Anxiety epidemiology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
- Germany MeSH
- Spain MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Inappropriate use of antibiotics has resulted in a dramatic increase of antimicrobial resistance in developing countries. We examined knowledge, attitudes, and practices of antibiotic use in three Asian countries. METHODOLOGY: A nationwide cross-sectional study of teachers in large cities of Yemen, Saudi Arabia, and Uzbekistan was conducted. A random sample of 1,200 teachers was selected in each country. Data were collected through a questionnaire-based survey and then analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. RESULTS: The prevalence of non-prescription antibiotic use ranged from 48% in Saudi Arabia to 78% in Yemen and Uzbekistan. Pharmacies were the main source of non-prescribed antibiotics. The most common reasons for antibiotic use were cough (40%) and influenza (34%). Forty-nine percent of respondents discontinued antibiotics when they felt better. Although awareness of the dangers of antibiotic use correlated inversely with self-medication, understanding of the appropriate use of antibiotics was limited. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of antibiotic self-medication in the educated adult population in the studied countries was found to be alarmingly high. Effective strategies involving regulatory enforcement prohibiting sales of antibiotics without prescription should be implemented along with educational interventions for health professionals and the public.
- MeSH
- Faculty statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use MeSH
- Drug Resistance, Bacterial MeSH
- Influenza, Human drug therapy MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Cough drug therapy MeSH
- Nonprescription Drugs therapeutic use MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Urban Population statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Developing Countries statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Self Medication * MeSH
- Educational Status MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Yemen MeSH
- Saudi Arabia MeSH
- Uzbekistan MeSH
Úvod: Hlas je základním prostředkem mezilidské komunikace. V každodenním životě jej používáme jako pracovní nástroj a také je nejpřirozenější cestou, jak vyjádřit své emoce, city, přání a myšlenky. Cíl: Cílem bylo zjistit, zda hlasoví profesionálové subjektivně vnímají problémy s hlasem více než náhodně vybraný vzorek hlasových neprofesionálů Moravskoslezského kraje. Metodika: Průzkum byl proveden formou standardizovaného dotazníku VHI, který byl rozdán náhodně celkem 222 hlasovým profesionálům – pedagogům mateřských a základních škol a 200 obyvatelům Moravskoslezského kraje. Data z dotazníku byla statisticky zpracována. Výsledky: Rozdíl v subjektivním vnímání hlasu není z výsledku této studie patrný. Učitelé základních škol hodnotí svůj hlas o něco hůře než učitelé mateřských škol. V souboru hlasových profesionálů vnímalo mírné problémy se svým hlasem 6,8 % pedagogů a nevyskytla se žádná těžká hlasová porucha podle standardizovaného dotazníku VHI. V souboru hlasových neprofesionálů vnímalo mírné problémy celkem 6 % respondentů a objevily se 2 těžké poruchy hlasu. Závěr: Hlasové obtíže s přibývajícím věkem v souboru populace Moravskoslezského kraje nestoupají, ale u pedagogů ano. Dotazník VHI je jednoduchým a přitom mocným nástrojem pro stanovení hlasových potíží pacienta. Výsledné skóre lze použít pro kvantifikaci míry hlasových potíží pacienta, pro sledování změn potíží vlivem léčby a pro ověření funkčnosti léčebných metod v oblasti poruch hlasu. Jeho zavedení je poměrně nenáročné a nevyžaduje speciální finanční náklady. Tento dotazník by bylo vhodné použít jako prevenci v praxi praktických lékařů a závodní preventivní péče u hlasových profesionálů.
Introduction: Voice is the fundamental instrument of human communication. We are using it as a working tool in our everyday life; but it is also the most natural way of expressing our emotions, feelings, wishes and ideas. Objective: The aim of the thesis was to find out if voice professionals subjectively perceive the voice problems more often than a randomly selected sample of population of Moravian--Silesian Region. Method: The research was carried out by the form of standardized questionnaire which was randomly handed out to 222 voice professionals all together – nursery and primary schools pedagogues and to 200 inhabitants of Moravian-Silesian Region. Data from questionnaires were statistically processed. Results: Differences in subjective perceiving of voice are not evident from the study result. Primary school pedagogues evaluate their voice a bit worse than nursery school pedagogies. Slight problems were perceived by 6.8 % of pedagogues from voice professionals group but any severe voice disorder, according to standardized VHI questionnaire, was not found. In the group of populations were perceived slight of voice problems 6 % of the respondents and were appeared 2 heavy voice disorders. Conclusion: Voice difficulties of inhabitants of Moravian-Silesian Region do not grow together with their age, but in voice professionals group the difficulties grow. VHI questionnaire is a simple yet powerful tool for determining the patient’s voice problems. The resulting scores can be used to quantify the degree of difficulty a patient voice for change tracking problems due to treatment and to verify the functionality of the therapeutic methods of voice disorders. The implementation is relatively simple and does not require special financial costs. This questionnaire should be used as prevention in the practice of general practitioners and preventive care for voice professionals.
- Keywords
- hlasový profesionál, světový den hlasu,
- MeSH
- Faculty statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Voice physiology MeSH
- Voice Quality physiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Occupational Diseases * prevention & control MeSH
- Voice Disorders * diagnosis epidemiology MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Schools, Nursery MeSH
- Schools * MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Age Distribution MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Young Adult MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
BACKGROUND: Although job satisfaction is among the most widely researched topics, relatively little research hasBeen done on this issue as it relates to early childhood educators. This study was designed to contribute significantly to the deficientBody of knowledge about working conditions and job satisfaction of day care teachers, in particular with regard to differences in job satisfaction depending on day care centres' ownership. METHODS: Analyses wereBased on cross-sectional comparison of 469 questionnaires (42.55% response rate) from day care teachers working at public day care centres with those working at day care centres runBy churches or parents' initiatives. RESULTS: A significant difference in job satisfaction was foundBetween these three types. The important interactionBetween socio-demographic characteristics, psychosocial working conditions, and job satisfaction couldBe demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The present study is one of the few that examines the impacts of day care centres ownership on pedagogical staffs' job satisfaction and indicates that the type of the centre is a potential factor explaining variations. Results provide a valuableBasis for the development of solution-focused approaches to improve pedagogical staff working conditions.
- MeSH
- Faculty statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Staff Development MeSH
- Job Satisfaction MeSH
- Workload psychology MeSH
- Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
- Self Efficacy MeSH
- Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Ownership statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Child Day Care Centers statistics & numerical data MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
