BACKGROUND: Cancers of the head and neck (HN) are heterogeneous tumors with incidence rates varying globally. In Northern Europe oral and oropharyngeal cancers are the most common individual types. Survival for HN varies by individual tumor type but for most of them survival trends are not well known over extended periods of time. METHODS: Data for a retrospective survival study were obtained for Danish, Finnish, Norwegian, and Swedish patients from the NORDCAN database from 1971 to 2020. Relative 1- and 5-year survival rates and 5/1-year conditional survival for years 2-5 were calculated. RESULTS: Both 1- and 5-year survival improved for all HN cancers but only marginally for laryngeal cancer. For the other cancers a 50-year increase in 5-year survival was about 30% units for nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal cancers, 20% units for oral cancer and somewhat less for hypopharyngeal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: 5-year survival reached about 65% for all HN cancers, except for hypopharyngeal cancer (30%). Human papilloma virus infection is becoming a dominant risk factor for the rapidly increasing oropharyngeal cancer, the prevention of which needs to emphasize oral sex as a route of infection.
- MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- míra přežití MeSH
- nádory hltanu * mortalita epidemiologie MeSH
- nádory hrtanu * mortalita epidemiologie MeSH
- nádory úst mortalita epidemiologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Skandinávie a severské státy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the pooled case-control data from the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) consortium to compare cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption risk factors for head and neck cancer between less developed and more developed countries. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The location of each study was categorized as either a less developed or more developed country. We compared the risk of overall head and neck cancer and cancer of specific anatomic subsites associated with cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption. Additionally, age and sex distribution between categories was compared. RESULTS: The odds ratios for head and neck cancer sites associated with smoking duration differed between less developed and more developed countries. Smoking greater than 20 years conferred a higher risk for oral cavity and laryngeal cancer in more developed countries, whereas the risk was greater for oropharynx and hypopharynx cancer in less developed countries. Alcohol consumed for more than 20 years conferred a higher risk for oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx cancer in less developed countries. The proportion of cases that were young (<45 years) or female differed by country type for some HNC subsites. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest the degree of industrialization and economic development affects the relationship between smoking and alcohol with head and neck cancer.
- MeSH
- ethanol MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku * epidemiologie MeSH
- nádory hrtanu * epidemiologie MeSH
- pití alkoholu epidemiologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- rozvojové země MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Príspevok približuje starostlivosť o pacienta s karcinómom hrtanu. Iniciatívna spolupráca medzi pacientom, jeho rodinou, sestrou a zdravotníckymi pracovníkmi je dôležitá pre zdarné zvládnutie osobitostí vyskytujúcich sa pri ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti u pacienta s karcinómom hrtanu. Sestry pri poskytovaní ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti predstavuje oporu pre pacienta a jeho rodinu.
The contribution brings closer the care of a patient with cancer of the larynx. Proactive cooperation between the patient, his family, nurse and healthcare workers is important for successful management of the peculiarities occurring in the nursing care of a patient with laryngeal cancer. Nurses provide support for the patient and his family when providing nursing care.
Global survival studies have shown favorable development in most cancers but few studies have considered laryngeal cancer, particularly over extended periods or in populations for which medical care is essentially free of charge. We analyzed laryngeal and lung cancer incidence and survival in Finland (FI) and Sweden (SE) over a 50-year period (1970-2019) using data and statistical tools from the Nordcan database. Laryngeal cancer reached an incidence maximum in FI men in 1965, which in SE men occurred over 10 years later and peaking at 42% of the FI maximum. The FI incidence halved in 20 years while halving of the SE rate took almost twice as long. At maximum the male rate exceeded the female rate 20 times in FI and 10 times in SE. Incidence rates for lung cancer were approximately 10 times higher than those for laryngeal cancer, and they peaked 5 to 10 years after laryngeal cancer in both countries. The female lung cancer rates increased through the follow-up time but laryngeal cancer rates were relatively stable. Relative 1-year survival data for laryngeal cancer remained at around 85% through 50 years, and 5-year survival lagged constantly around 65%. For lung cancer 1-year survival improved and reached about 50% by 2019. Even 5-year survival improved reaching 20 to 30%, except for FI men. Incidence rates for laryngeal and lung cancers have drastically decreased in FI and SE men parallel to reduced smoking prevalence. In females, rates have clearly increased in lung but not in FI laryngeal cancer. This finding warrants further investigations into possible contributing factors, other than smoking. Survival in laryngeal cancer has not improved compared to the positive development in lung cancer. Historical smoking prevalence was unrelated of survival trends. As long-term survival in these cancers remains discouraging, the most efficient way to fight them is to target the main cause and promote non-smoking.
- MeSH
- incidence MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hrtanu * epidemiologie MeSH
- nádory plic * epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Finsko MeSH
- Švédsko MeSH
- MeSH
- infekce papilomavirem * epidemiologie komplikace přenos MeSH
- karcinom epidemiologie etiologie terapie MeSH
- kolorektální nádory epidemiologie etiologie komplikace MeSH
- kondylomata akuminata epidemiologie etnologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory anu epidemiologie etiologie komplikace MeSH
- nádory děložního čípku epidemiologie etiologie komplikace MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku epidemiologie etiologie terapie MeSH
- nádory hrtanu epidemiologie etiologie terapie MeSH
- nádory penisu epidemiologie etiologie komplikace MeSH
- nádory vaginy epidemiologie etiologie komplikace MeSH
- nádory vulvy epidemiologie etiologie komplikace MeSH
- Papillomaviridae patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- rekombinantní kvadrivalentní vakcína proti lidskému papilomaviru typu 6, 11, 16, 18 aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- vakcíny proti papilomavirům * aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a well-established risk factor for head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aims to explore the effect of alcohol intensity and duration, as joint continuous exposures, on HNC risk. METHODS: Data from 26 case-control studies in the INHANCE Consortium were used, including never and current drinkers who drunk ≤10 drinks/day for ≤54 years (24234 controls, 4085 oral cavity, 3359 oropharyngeal, 983 hypopharyngeal and 3340 laryngeal cancers). The dose-response relationship between the risk and the joint exposure to drinking intensity and duration was investigated through bivariate regression spline models, adjusting for potential confounders, including tobacco smoking. RESULTS: For all subsites, cancer risk steeply increased with increasing drinks/day, with no appreciable threshold effect at lower intensities. For each intensity level, the risk of oral cavity, hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancers did not vary according to years of drinking, suggesting no effect of duration. For oropharyngeal cancer, the risk increased with durations up to 28 years, flattening thereafter. The risk peaked at the higher levels of intensity and duration for all subsites (odds ratio = 7.95 for oral cavity, 12.86 for oropharynx, 24.96 for hypopharynx and 6.60 for larynx). CONCLUSIONS: Present results further encourage the reduction of alcohol intensity to mitigate HNC risk.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nádory hlavy a krku epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- nádory hrtanu epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- nádory orofaryngu epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- nádory úst epidemiologie etiologie MeSH
- pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky epidemiologie patologie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH
INTRODUCTION: Various established occupational lung carcinogens are also suspected risk factors for laryngeal cancer. However, individual studies are often inadequate in size to investigate this relatively rare outcome. Other limitations include imprecise exposure assessment and inadequate adjustment for confounders. METHODS: This study applied a quantitative job exposure matrix (SYN-JEM) for four established occupational lung carcinogens to five case-control studies within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology Consortium. We used occupational histories for 2256 laryngeal cancer cases and 7857 controls recruited from 1989 to 2007. We assigned quantitative exposure levels for asbestos, respirable crystalline silica, chromium-VI, and chromium-VI and nickel combined (to address highly correlated exposures) via SYN-JEM. We assessed effects of occupational exposure on cancer risk for males (asbestos, respirable crystalline silica, chromium-VI, and chromium-VI and nickel combined) and females (asbestos and respirable crystalline silica), adjusting for age, study, tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and asbestos exposure where relevant. RESULTS: Among females, odds ratios (ORs) were increased for ever versus never exposed. Among males, P values for linear trend were <0.05 for estimated cumulative exposure (all agents) and <0.05 for exposure duration (respirable crystalline silica, chromium-VI, and chromium-VI and nickel combined); strongest associations were for asbestos at >90th percentile cumulative exposure (OR = 1.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0, 1.6), respirable crystalline silica at 30+ years duration (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2, 1.7) and 75th-90th percentile cumulative exposure (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.8), chromium-VI at >75th percentile cumulative exposure (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.2, 3.0), and chromium-VI and nickel combined at 20-29 years duration (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1, 2.2). CONCLUSIONS: These findings support hypotheses of causal links between four lung carcinogens (asbestos, respirable crystalline silica, chromium-VI, and nickel) and laryngeal cancer.
- MeSH
- azbest toxicita MeSH
- karcinogeny * toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nádory hrtanu * chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání * chemicky indukované epidemiologie MeSH
- oxid křemičitý toxicita MeSH
- pracovní expozice * škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Recidivující papilomatóza hrtanu (RRP) je onemocnění způsobené infekcí lidskými papilomaviry (HPV) typu 6 a 11. Postihuje děti i dospělé. Jedná se o onemocnění potenciálně agresivní s tendencí recidivovat a šířit se distálně do respiračního traktu. Nízký věk v době diagnózy je asociován s těžším průběhem choroby. Standardní léčbou je chirurgické snesení, u pacientů s obtížně kontrolovatelným onemocněním je indikována adjuvantní léčba. Popsány jsou současné názory na použití cidofoviru, interferonu, antirefuxní medikace a dalších. V současné době je k dispozici profylaktická kvadrivalentní vakcína proti HPV 6, 11, 16 a 18, která v budoucnu nejspíše povede ke snížení incidence RRP. Zkoumán je také její možný vliv na snížení recidiv při již probíhajícím onemocnění.
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11. It affects both children and adults. The disease is potentially very aggressive and tends to recur and spread into the respiratory tract. Younger age at diagnosis is associated with more serious course of the disease. The standard of care is surgical removal, but in patients with aggressive disease, adjuvant therapy is indicated. Contemporary opinions on cidofovir, interferon, anti-reflux medication etc. are presented. Recently, a preventative quadrivalent vaccine against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18 has become available. In future generations it may decrease the incidence of RRP. Possible favourable change of the disease course after vaccination is being evaluated presently.
- Klíčová slova
- HPV vakcinace, human papilloma virus,
- MeSH
- cidofovir MeSH
- cytosin MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interferon alfa MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidský papilomavirus 11 imunologie MeSH
- lidský papilomavirus 6 imunologie MeSH
- nádory hrtanu epidemiologie chirurgie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- recidiva MeSH
- sekundární prevence MeSH
- vakcíny proti papilomavirům MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
