OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to identify potential areas for improvement in the prevention of oral diseases in pregnant women by assessing their oral care habits and awareness regarding oral health. METHODS: An original, anonymous, web-based survey was conducted among women at any stage of pregnancy. The survey consisted of 23 questions regarding oral care habits, knowledge about oral health of mother and child, general and oral health changes, and attendance of oral healthcare services during pregnancy. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 27.0 version software. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyse the data. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 714 pregnant women participated in the study, with a mean (SD) age of 30.2 (4.4) years. Majority of the respondents demonstrated acceptable oral health-related knowledge and habits. A lack of interdental care among pregnant women was discovered. Nearly a third (27.6%) of the respondents reported a decline in their oral health during pregnancy. The most commonly reported general and oral health issues during pregnancy were increased stomach acid levels (71.3%) and gum bleeding (43.3%). Pregnant women were most frequently informed about the importance of oral care by an obstetrician-gynaecologist (25.4%). CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed the need for targeted interventions to enhance oral health awareness and practices among pregnant women in Lithuania. While overall oral hygiene habits were acceptable, deficiencies in interdental care and knowledge regarding oral health during pregnancy were evident. Higher level of education and urban residency were associated with superior oral care practices of pregnant women. In order to improve oral health of mother and child, interdisciplinary collaboration and dissemination of accessible, evidence-based information are essential.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- orální hygiena * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- orální zdraví * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- těhotné ženy * psychologie MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Litva MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- vzhled zubů, věk lékaře,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- orální hygiena * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky * MeSH
- strach z ošetření zubů epidemiologie MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zubní prostředky domácí klasifikace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
This prospective study monitored the dental status, the presence of plaque, and cariogenic microorganism levels of identical children over three years. The aim was to determine the dynamics of caries increment as well as the relationship between risk factors and caries prevalence. A total number of 125 children (72 boys and 53 girls) was included in the study, with an average age of 3.95 ± 0.06 years at the baseline. During the clinical examination at the nursery schools, the presence of dental plaque was recorded, and saliva samples were collected from the tongue of children for the DentoCult SM test providing easy detection of mutans streptococci from saliva samples. At baseline, 65.6% of the children had no caries, 4% had restored teeth with fillings or crowns or missing teeth due to caries, and 30.4% had at least one untreated caries. The percentages of intact teeth, restored or missing teeth, and untreated caries were 52.8%, 8.8%, 38.4% in the second year and 49.1%, 13.8%, and 31.1% in the third year. The dmft index value was 1.41 ± 0.24 in the first year, 2.29 ± 0.30 in the second year, and 2.33 ± 0.31 in the third year. There was a significant correlation between plaque presence and dt and dmft values (p < 0.05; the statistical analyses were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test). This 3-year longitudinal study highlighted the importance of examining both the oral hygiene and the level of cariogenic microorganisms when undertaking the evaluation of caries risk evaluation in preschool children.
- MeSH
- DMF Index MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- trvalá zubní náhrada statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zubní kaz epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- zubní plak mikrobiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Oral health strongly affects overall health and is related to many factors. The aim of our study was to analyse oral health related behaviours (OHRBs) and gum bleeding among Slovak adolescents and assess the effect of socioeconomic factors on the outcomes. METHODS: Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) were used (N = 8896, age range = 10-16 years, M = 13.4; SD = 1.4; 50.9% boys). Sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators and frequency of OHRBs (dental hygiene, toothbrush changing, preventive check-up) and gum bleeding were collected. Effects of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables on outcome variables were analysed by binary logistic regression. RESULTS: We found that prevalence of OHRBs slightly decreases with age, and worse outcomes were reported by boys compared to girls (OHRB odds ratio range 0.45-0.75, (95% C.I. range 0.40-0.91), gum bleeding 1.38 (95% C.I. 1.19-1.61), p < 0.05). OHRBs were in most cases significantly associated with socioeconomic variables, lower affluence predicts worse outcomes (odds ratio range 0.76-0.88 (95% C.I. range 0.68-0.96), p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study provides representative findings on ORHBs in Slovakia and shows important associations of socioeconomic factors related to adolescents' oral health issues.
- MeSH
- chování mladistvých MeSH
- čištění zubů * MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- logistické modely MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- orální zdraví * MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- školy MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- společenská třída MeSH
- zdravé chování * MeSH
- zpráva o sobě * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Modification of health literacy (HL) is an important factor for improving and maintaining oral health. The aim of the study is to examine the association of HL with oral health-promoting behaviour (OHPB) and assess possible mediating effects of HL on the impact of socioeconomic status on OHPB. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey on the Slovak general adult population (N = 360, mean age 39) was conducted in 2014 and 2015. The association of HL (9 domains of the Health Literacy Questionnaire) and OHPB was analysed using logistic regression models adjusted for gender, age and educational level. Testing the mediating effect of HL domains between education attainment and OHPB was performed using the Sobel test. RESULTS: Women and respondents with higher education reported better OHPB. Regular tooth-brushing is associated with better HL in five domains: Feeling understood and supported by healthcare provider, Having sufficient information to manage my health, Activelymanaging my health, Social support for health, Appraisal of health information (Odds ratios (ORs) from 1.64 to 2.33, p < 0.05). Using interdental tools is in association with better HL in two domains: Feeling understood and supported by a healthcare provider and Having sufficient information to manage my health (ORs 1.71 to 1.80, p < 0.05). Respondents who visited a dentist for prevention score higher in Social support for health (OR 1.79, p < 0.05). Using a tongue scraper and single brush and reporting gums bleeding is notstatistically significantly associated with HL. Mediation was confirmed between the effect of respondents' education on using fluoride toothpaste - mediated respondent's ability to find good health information. Frequency of tooth-brushing and using interdental hygiene aids were both mediated by patient's sufficient information to manage health. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate HL to be an important factor related to good oral health, and HL should be considered when planning oral health interventions.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- orální hygiena psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- orální zdraví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
- zdravotní gramotnost statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
Úvod a cíl: Zubní kaz je nejčastější chronické onemocnění dutiny ústní. Postihuje 60–90 % školních dětí a téměř všechny dospělé jedince. Komunitní preventivní programy jsou jednou z možností zlepšení stavu orálního zdraví školních dětí. Preventivní program Zdravý úsměv byl zahájen ve městě Hradec Králové v roce 2000. Obsahuje část teoretickou, která spočívá ve vzdělávání dětí v oblasti prevence zubního kazu a část praktickou, zaměřenou na nácvik správné techniky čištění zubů a aplikaci lokálního fluoridového přípravku (Elmex gel, GABA, SRN) dvakrát ročně pod dohledem dentální hygienistky. Metodika: V první části studie (po čtyřech letech od jejího zahájení) bylo vyšetřeno celkem 150 dětí ve věku 10–11 let ze tří základních škol v Hradci Králové. v jedné ze škol probíhal preventivní program Zdravý úsměv (škola A), ve druhé probíhal preventivní program Zdravé zuby (škola B) a ve třetí škole neprobíhal žádný preventivní program (škola C). V druhé části studie (po osmi letech od jejího zahájení) bylo ve stejných školách vyšetřeno celkem 81 dětí. Hodnocené ukazatele: procento dětí s intaktním chrupem, chrupem ošetřeným a potřebujícím ošetření, KPE zubů a restorativní index (RI). Výsledky: Získané údaje byly statisticky zpracovány pomocí Studentova t-testu, který byl použit pro hodnocení stavu orálního zdraví, a Fisherova testu, jenž jsme použili pro stanovení procenta dětí s chrupem intaktním, ošetřeným a kariézním (potřebujícím ošetření). V obou testech byla hladina statistické významnosti p < 0,05. Děti z programu Zdravý úsměv měly po čtyřech letech signifikantně nižší hodnotu KPE zubů (1,10) ve srovnání s dětmi z preventivního programu Zdravé zuby (1,88) a s kontrolní skupinou (1,86) a v signifikantně vyšším procentu intaktní smíšený chrup (34,9 %) ve srovnání s kontrolní skupinou a v signifikantně nižším procentu ošetřený chrup ve srovnání s dětmi z programu Zdravé zuby (14,0 % vs. 34,9 %). Stav chrupu byl u dětí v programu Zdravý úsměv lepší i po osmi letech trvání projektu v porovnání s dětmi v programu Zdravé zuby a kontrolní skupinou, KPE zubů 2,26 vs. 3,76 vs. 3,03 a procento dětí s intaktním stálým chrupem 48 % vs. 16 % vs. 22,6 %. Závěr: Výsledky prokázaly, že důležitá je nejen teoretická výchova dětí k prevenci zubního kazu, ale také opakovaný nácvik správné techniky čištění zubů a lokální aplikace fluoridového přípravku.
Introduction and Aim: Dental caries is the most common chronic disease in the population affecting 60–90% of school children and almost all adults. Community preventive programs are one of choice how to improve oral health in school children. Preventive program Healthy Smile has started in the city of Hradec Kralove in 2000. The program comprised of theoretical part including caries prevention education and of practical part consisting in tooth brushing instruction and topical application of fluoride gel (Elmex gel, GABA, SRN) twice a year under the supervision of dental hygienist. Methods: In the first period of the study (after four years of realization) 150 children have been examined in three elementary schools in Hradec Kralove, one school (A) with the running program Healthy Smile, the second school( B) with the running program Healthy Teeth and the third school (C) with no preventive program (control group). In the second period of the study (after eight years) 81 school children have been examined in the identical schools. Evaluated parameters were: % of caries free, treated and carious dentition, DMFT and RI. Results: The data have been statistically analysed using the Student t-test and Fisher test, the level of statistical significance was p < 0.05. Children from Healthy Smile group had significantly lower value of DMFT (1.10) after four years compared to children from Healthy Teeth group (1.88) and control group (1.86) and significantly higher percentage of intact mixed dentition (34.9%) compared to control. The similar trend has been revealed after 8 years of realization. The lower value of DMFT (2.26) has been found in children in Healthy Smile group, comparing to Healthy Teeth group (3.76) and control (3.03) and intact permanent dentition was found in 48% of children in Healthy Smile group, compared to 16% in Healthy Teeth group and 22.6% in control group. Conclusion: Better oral health in children from the project Healthy Smile confirmed the importance of not only theoretical education in oral hygiene, but also practical training of tooth brushing together with topical application of fluorides.
- Klíčová slova
- školní děti, preventivní program,
- MeSH
- čištění zubů MeSH
- dentice trvalá MeSH
- diaminy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- DMF Index MeSH
- fluoridace * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- fluoridy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- hodnocení programu * statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- kariostatické látky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- podpora zdraví metody MeSH
- preventivní zubní lékařství MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnické služby MeSH
- vzdělávání pacientů jako téma * MeSH
- zubní kaz * epidemiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zuby - přehledy zdravotního stavu statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To characterize the oral health-related attitudes and behaviour of Czech parents of preschool children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A representative sample of 796 parents was recruited for the cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Study data were collected using a validated questionnaire with 44 attitudinal items related to different aspects of caries prevention. The data were analyzed by explorative factor analysis, extracted factors were subjected to reliability analysis and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA was used to test differences in the factor scores in respondents with different levels of education and self-perceived SES. RESULTS: The factor analysis extracted 3 factors, labelled "Toothbrushing - perceived significance and parental efficacy" ; "External caries control" and "Internal caries control". They explained 28.9% of the data variability. The comparison of the factor scores in groups with different SES and education of mothers showed highly significant differences. For all three factors, median values of the aggregated Likert scale increased with increasing SES and education of the mother. CONCLUSION: The parents report that they are aware of their responsibility for the prevention of tooth decay in their children. In caries prevention they concentrate on toothbrushing. Dietary measures do not seem to be of similar importance to them. The increasing self-perceived SES of the family and the education level of the mother have a significantly positive effect on the caries-preventive attitudes of the parents. Based on the study results, the message to the public health sector in the Czech Republic should include the need to highlight the importance of a non-cariogenic diet and the role of fluorides in caries prevention.
- MeSH
- čištění zubů psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interní-externí kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- orální hygiena psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- postoj ke zdraví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- rodiče * výchova psychologie MeSH
- rodičovství * MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
- zubní kaz epidemiologie prevence a kontrola psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis was found to be significantly related to obesity as well as the number of missing teeth and oral hygiene. However, the studies addressing these relationships often included smokers and diabetics, and none was performed in Eastern European patients. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate associations between obesity and periodontitis, oral hygiene, and tooth loss in a sample of non-smoking Croatian subjects aged 31-75 years. METHODS: A total of 320 patients were recruited by convenient sampling at the Dental Clinic, Clinical Hospital Centre in Rijeka, Croatia. Periodontal examination and data on tooth loss were completed in 292 subjects and each participant completed a structured written questionnaire with questions regarding oral hygiene, education, height, and weight. Periodontitis was categorized as early, moderate and advanced. In multiple regression analysis, periodontitis was used as predictor variable, and BMI, oral hygiene, tooth loss, and education level were used as dependent variables. RESULTS: Use of interdental brushes/flossing and number of missing teeth correlated significantly with BMI, but the same could not be proven for periodontitis and frequency of tooth brushing. However, logistic regression proved that the subset of obese, poorly educated women aged 36-55 years were 5-6 times more likely to develop severe forms of periodontal disease. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity was associated with tooth loss, oral hygiene, and education level in the investigated group. BMI could not be correlated with severity of periodontal disease, except in poorly educated women aged 36-55 years.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie MeSH
- orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- parodontitida epidemiologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- stupeň vzdělání MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- ztráta zubů epidemiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chorvatsko MeSH
Súčasná forma zubnej starostlivosti a jej systém na Slovensku podľa odborníkov nevedie k požadovaným cieľom. Autori predkladaného textu poukazujú na pozitívne príklady riešenia tejto problematiky v zahraničí. Cieľom práce bolo poznať, analyzovať, porovnať a zhodnotiť aktuálnu úroveň dentálneho zdravia detí mladšieho školského veku a pripraviť program prevencie a jeho experimentálne overenie u žiakov primárneho stupňa základnej školy (ZŠ) vo vzťahu k prevencii ochorení a podpore zdravia ústnej dutiny. Bol zvolený experimentálny typ výskumu. Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 167 žiakov primárneho stupňa ZŠ v Prešove. Experimentálnu skupinu tvorilo 80 detí (34 chlapcov a 46 dievčat), ktorí absolvovali preventívny program zameraný na prevenciu ochorení a starostlivosť o ústnu dutinu. Kontrolnú skupinu tvorilo 87 žiakov (38 chlapcov a 49 dievčat) 4. ročníka primárneho stupňa ZŠ, ktorí preventívny program neabsolvovali. Dosiahnuté výsledky prinášajú štatisticky významné rozdiely v úrovni vedomostí o prevencii ochorení ústnej dutiny a deklarovaných postojoch k hygiene ústnej dutiny medzi experimentálnou a kontrolnou skupinou detí v súvislosti s absolvovaným programom prevencie. Štatisticky nevýznamný rozdiel medzi skupinami je iba v položke týkajúcej sa kontroly umývania zubov detí ich rodičmi. Hodnoty položiek, ktoré sa zameriavali na zisťovanie hygienických návykov žiakov súvisiacich s používaním dentálnych pomôcok a prostriedkov prevencie, ako sú: zubná niť, škrabka na jazyk, ústna voda, fluoridový gél a preventívna prehliadka, vykazujú štatisticky významné rozdiely v prospech experimentálnej skupiny. Výsledky nám poskytli informáciu o tom, či na základe získaných vedomostí došlo k zmene správania sa žiakov vo vzťahu k hygiene ústnej dutiny.
In opinions of specialists, the contemporary form of the dental care and its system in Slovakia does not result in achieving required targets. The authors of the text presented here emphasize positive examples of solving these problems in abroad. The target of the work was to recognize, analyze, compare and assess the topical level of the dental health in children at their early school age and prepare a preventive programme and its experimental verification in pupils of the primary degree of the basic school as related to the prevention of the disease and support of the oral cavity health. The experimental approach to the research was chosen. The research sample included 167 pupils of the primary school education in Prešov. The experimental group consisted of 80 children (34 boys and 46 girls), who have attended a preventive programme focused on the prevention of diseases and taking care of the oral cavity. The control group included 87 pupils (38 boys and 49 girls) of the fourth class of the primary education, who did not attend the preventive programme. The targets attained offer statistically significant differences in the level of knowledge concerning the prevention of oral cavity diseases and declared attitudes to the oral cavity hygiene between experimental and control groups of children in association with their participation the preventive programme. A statistically non-significant difference was only found in the item concerning the control of cleaning teeth by parents of the children. The values of items aimed at determining hygienical habits of pupils associated with the use of dental tools and means of the prevention, such as the dental thread, tongue scraper, mouthwash, fluoride gel and preventive examination exert statistically significantly differences in favour of the experimental group. The results provided data indicating whether knowledge acquired resulted in changing the behaviour of pupils in relationship to the oral cavity hygiene.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- preventivní zubní lékařství metody statistika a číselné údaje trendy MeSH
- primární prevence MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- stomatologie dějiny trendy MeSH
- výchova a vzdělávání metody MeSH
- výchova dítěte psychologie trendy MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The aimOf the research was to assess theOral hygiene habits in the elderly groupOf study populationOf Southern Poland. METHODS: The study was conducted in dental services in two selected cities in Southern Poland. The groupOf subjects consistedOf 664 respondents (272 men, 392 women) aged 65 to 81 years.Oral hygiene was measured with the author's anonymous questionnaire consistingOf twenty questions. Questions related to informationOn personal history and general health, comorbidities, dietary habits, alcohol consumption, smoking, taking drugs and the stateOfOral hygiene practices as frequencyOf visits to the dentist and the numberOfOwn teeth. RESULTS: The majorityOf the subjects had higher n=240 (36.1%) and secondary n=219 (33%) education and were predominantly n=590 (89%) professionally inactive (retireesOr pensioners). No significant differences were found between the groups: women and men. But there were differences in technologies used, the examined men significantlyOften used computer in comparison with the women's group. In total, 19.6% hadOwn natural teethOnly, 45.0%Own teeth and dentures, 30.0% denturesOnly, and 5.4% neither teeth nor dentures. MajorityOf subjects brush their teethOr denturesOnly 1-2 times a day (80%) and visit the dentist less thanOnce in 2 yearsOrOnce a year (75%). Women significantly moreOften stated useOf a toothbrush and taking careOfOral hygiene and compared to men, they declared higher numberOfOwn teeth. CONCLUSION: People agedOver 65 neglect hygiene andOral care. Women pay more attention toOral hygiene and they have moreOwn teeth than men. The most frequent causeOfOral hygiene neglect in the elderly could be gender, the socio-economic conditions, behaviour habits and lackOf sufficient health education. The dentist may need to consult with the patient's GP the developmentOf the appropriate personalised treatment plan for the elderly. Young dentists need to be educated inOrder to provide appropriate dental care to the elderly.
- MeSH
- dieta MeSH
- komorbidita MeSH
- kouření MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- orální hygiena statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- orální zdraví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- pití alkoholu MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- zdravé chování MeSH
- zdravotní gramotnost MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Polsko MeSH