It is primarily important to define the standard features and factors that affect dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) for their broader use in tissue engineering. This study aimed to verify whether DPSCs isolated from various teeth extracted from the same donor exhibit intra-individual variability and what the consequences are for their differentiation potential. The heterogeneity determination was based on studying the proliferative capacity, viability, expression of phenotypic markers, and relative length of telomere chromosomes. The study included 14 teeth (6 molars and 8 premolars) from six different individuals ages 12 to 16. We did not observe any significant intra-individual variability in DPSC size, proliferation rate, viability, or relative telomere length change within lineages isolated from different teeth but the same donor. The minor non-significant variances in phenotype were probably mainly because DPSC cell lines comprised heterogeneous groups of undifferentiated cells independent of the donor. The other variances were seen in DPSC lineages isolated from the same donor, but the teeth were in different stages of root development. We also did not observe any changes in the ability of cells to differentiate into mature cell lines-chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. This study is the first to analyze the heterogeneity of DPSC dependent on a donor.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen fyziologie   MeSH
• chondrocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• dárci tkání MeSH
• individuální biologická variabilita MeSH
• kmenové buňky fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• osteocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk fyziologie   MeSH
• tukové buňky fyziologie   MeSH
• zubní dřeň fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The present study was undertaken to estimate the approximate size of nuclear regions occupied by nucleolar bodies during the cell differentiation and maturation. The differentiation and maturation of human leukemic granulocytic cells in patients suffering from the chronic phase of the chronic granulocytic leukemia (CML) represented a convenient model for such study because of the large number of cells for the diameter measurements at the single cell level. Early and advanced differentiation or maturation stages of these cells are well defined and nucleolar bodies and nuclear outlines are easily seen by simple cytochemical methods for the visualization of RNA and silver stained proteins in smear preparations. During the cell differentiation and maturation, the estimated size of the nuclear region occupied by nucleolar bodies decreased in both untreated and treated patients with the anti-leukemic therapy. However, the size reduction of nucleolar bodies in differentiated and mature cells was larger than that of the nucleus. In addition, the results also indicated that the nuclear region occupied by nucleolar bodies was characteristic for each differentiation and maturation stage of the granulocytic cell lineage and was not substantially influenced by the anti-leukemic therapy of CML patients.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné jadérko fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen fyziologie   MeSH
• chronická myeloidní leukemie patologie   MeSH
• granulocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The sine oculis homeobox 1 (Six1) gene encodes an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor. In the past two decades, much research has indicated that Six1 is a powerful regulator participating in skeletal muscle development. In this review, we summarized the discovery and structural characteristics of Six1 gene, and discussed the functional roles and molecular mechanisms of Six1 in myogenesis and in the formation of skeletal muscle fibers. Finally, we proposed areas of future interest for understanding Six1 gene function.

• MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• homeodoménové proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The divergence of two differentiating extraembryonic cell types (trophectoderm and primitive endoderm) from the pluripotent epiblast population (the source of fetal progenitor cells) by the blastocyst stage of mouse development relies upon the activation and execution of lineage-specific gene expression programmes. While our understanding of the central transcription factor 'effectors' directing these cell-fate choices has accumulated rapidly, what is less clear is how the differential expression of such genes within the diverging lineages is initially generated. This review summarizes and consolidates current understanding. I introduce the traditional concept and importance of a cell's spatial location within the embryo, referencing recent mechanistic and molecular insights relating to cell fate. Additionally, I address the growing body of evidence that suggests that heterogeneities among blastomeres precede, and possibly inform, their spatial segregation in the embryo. I also discuss whether the origins of such early heterogeneity are stochastic and/or indicative of intrinsic properties of the embryo. Lastly, I argue that the robustness and regulative capacity of preimplantation embryonic development may reflect the existence of multiple converging, if not wholly redundant, mechanisms that act together to generate the necessary diversity of inter-cell-lineage gene expression patterns.

• MeSH
• blastomery fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen fyziologie   MeSH
• embryo savčí metabolismus   fyziologie   MeSH
• embryonální vývoj fyziologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• pohyb buněk fyziologie   MeSH
• transkripční faktory metabolismus   MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Adult stem cells have been intensively studied for their potential use in cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia and traumatic injuries. One of the most promising cell sources for autologous cell transplantation is bone marrow, containing a heterogenous cell population that can be roughly divided into hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs are multipotent progenitor cells that, in the case of severe tissue ischemia or damage, can be attracted to the lesion site, where they can secrete bioactive molecules, either naturally or through genetic engineering. They can also serve as vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents. Mobilized from the marrow, sorted or expanded in culture, MSCs can be delivered to the damaged site by direct or systemic application. In addition, MSCs can be labeled with superparamagnetic nanoparticles that allow in vivo cell imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is thus a suitable method for in vivo cell tracking of transplanted cells in the host organism. This review will focus on cell labeling for MRI and the use of MSCs in experimental and clinical studies for the treatment of brain and spinal cord injuries.

• MeSH
• barvení a značení metody   trendy   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen fyziologie   MeSH
• centrální nervový systém cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody   trendy   MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• nanočástice normy   MeSH
• pohyb buněk fyziologie   MeSH
• transplantace mezenchymálních kmenových buněk metody   trendy   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Neural progenitors of the mouse forebrain can be propagated in vitro as neurospheres in the presence of bFGF and EGF. However, less is understood whether regional characteristics or developmental stage properties of these cells are maintained in neurosphere cultures. Here we show that the original cell fate is lost in neurosphere cultures. We isolated neural progenitors from the dorsal telencephalon of D6-GFP mice and cultured them in vitro. The expression profile was specifically changed in cultured cells in just three passages. Markers of the dorsal forebrain were downregulated and several ventrally-expressed genes were induced. The altered gene expression led to a profound phenotypic change of cultured cells. D6-GFP positive cortical progenitors produce excitatory neurons in the cortex and few astrocytes in vivo but after culture in vitro, these cells differentiate into many astrocytes and also oligodendrocytes and inhibitory neurons. Wnt signaling in cultured neurospheres was downregulated in the same manner as other dorsal markers but dominant active Wnt signaling slowed down the loss of the dorsal identity in neurospheres.

• MeSH
• astrocyty cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné sféroidy cytologie   MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen fyziologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• genetické markery MeSH
• interneurony cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kmenové buňky cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• mozková kůra cytologie   embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• myši MeSH
• neuroglie cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• neurony cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• oligodendroglie cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• promotorové oblasti (genetika) imunologie   MeSH
• rekombinantní fúzní proteiny genetika   MeSH
• telencefalon cytologie   embryologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• vývojová regulace genové exprese genetika   MeSH
• zelené fluorescenční proteiny genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH