Bariatric procedures are considered to be the most effective treatment options for obesity. One of them is laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), which is nowadays very popular and widely used. LSG leads to weight loss and metabolic improvement and also changes adipokine levels, although it is just a restrictive operation. We describe changes in pro-inflammatory (leptin, resistin, visfatin and chemerin) and anti-inflammatory adipokines (adiponectin, omentin), with adiponectin and leptin being most studied. Their levels are markedly changed after LSG and this may partially explain the weight loss seen after LSG. Adipokines are closely connected to insulin resistance and chronic inflammation both being positively influenced after LSG. Leptin regulates amount of body fat, appetite, thermogenesis and metabolic rate and its levels are positively correlated with both weight and BMI changes after operation. Resistin influences insulin sensitivity, modulates body cholesterol trafficking and its changes after operation correlate with BMI, waist circumference, fat mass, LDL cholesterol and C-reactive protein. Chemerin, an important component of immune system, decreases after bariatric surgery and its levels correlate with BMI, triglyceride levels, and blood glucose. On the other hand, pro-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin, which influences fatty acid oxidation, browning of fat tissue and energy metabolism, is declining after LSG. This decline explains improvement of glucose status after bariatric surgery in patients with diabetes and is correlated with BMI loss, waist circumference and LDL cholesterol level. Effect of LSG goes beyond calory restriction and the changes of adipokines have a great impact on health status of the bariatric patients.

• MeSH
• adipokiny MeSH
• adiponektin MeSH
• gastrektomie metody   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence * fyziologie   MeSH
• laparoskopie * metody   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol MeSH
• leptin MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• morbidní obezita * metabolismus   chirurgie   MeSH
• resistin MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Publikace se zaměřuje na lidský metabolismus a jeho souvislost s hmotností a hubnutím, a na podporu zdraví. Určeno široké veřejnosti.

• MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• metabolismus MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH
• populární práce MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NLK Obory
• fyziologie

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of Gelesis100, a novel, nonsystemic, superabsorbent hydrogel to treat overweight or obesity. METHODS: The Gelesis Loss Of Weight (GLOW) study was a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with BMI ≥  27 and ≤ 40 kg/m2 and fasting plasma glucose ≥ 90 and ≤ 145 mg/dL. The co-primary end points were placebo-adjusted weight loss (superiority and 3% margin super-superiority) and at least 35% of patients in the Gelesis100 group achieving ≥ 5% weight loss. RESULTS: Gelesis100 treatment caused greater weight loss over placebo (6.4% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.0007), achieving 2.1% superiority but not 3% super-superiority. Importantly, 59% of Gelesis100-treated patients achieved weight loss of ≥ 5%, and 27% achieved ≥ 10% versus 42% and 15% in the placebo group, respectively. Gelesis100-treated patients had twice the odds of achieving ≥ 5% and ≥ 10% weight loss versus placebo (adjusted OR: 2.0, P = 0.0008; OR: 2.1, P = 0.0107, respectively), with 5% responders having a mean weight loss of 10.2%. Patients with prediabetes or drug-naive type 2 diabetes had six times the odds of achieving ≥ 10% weight loss. Gelesis100 treatment had no apparent increased safety risks. CONCLUSIONS: Gelesis100 is a promising new nonsystemic therapy for overweight and obesity with a highly desirable safety and tolerability profile.

• MeSH
• aplikace orální MeSH
• dvojitá slepá metoda MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• hydrogely farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita farmakoterapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

• MeSH
• bariatrická chirurgie MeSH
• craving * fyziologie   MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita patofyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• podmiňování (psychologie) * fyziologie   MeSH
• preference v jídle * fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   psychologie   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost * fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

BACKGROUND: Nutrition, diet, and fitness are among the most searched health topics by internet users. Besides that, health-related internet users are diverse in their motivations and individual characteristics. However, little is known about the individual characteristics associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the individual factors associated with the usage of nutrition, weight loss, and fitness websites. METHODS: An invitation to an online survey was published on 65 websites and discussion forums. In total, we employed data from 623 participants (aged 13 to 39 years, mean 24.11 [SD 5.26]). The measures included frequency of usage of nutrition, weight loss and fitness websites, excessive exercise, eating disorder symptomatology, internalization of the beauty ideal, weight status, and perceived online social support. Participants' data were used as predictors in a base linear regression model. RESULTS: The final model had an acceptable fit (χ210 =14.1; P=.17; root mean square error of approximation=0.03; comparative fit index=0.99; Tucker-Lewis index=0.99). Positive associations were found between usage of (1) nutrition websites and being female, higher levels of excessive exercise, and perceived online social support; (2) weight loss websites and excessive exercise, internalization, being female, eating disorder symptomatology, and being overweight or obese; and (3) fitness websites and levels of excessive exercise, internalization, and frequency of internet use. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlighted the importance of individual differences in the usage of health-related websites.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nutriční stav fyziologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální opora * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Induction of cellular cerebral edema (CE) was achieved by a standard method of water intoxication which consisted of fractionated intraperitoneal administration of distilled water (DW) together with the injection of desmopressin (DP). Using metabolic cage, fluid and food balance was studied in two groups of eight animals: group C - control; group CE - cellular edema induced by water intoxication. For each rat the intake (food pellets and water) and excretion (solid excrements and urine) were recorded for 48 h together with the initial and final body weight. CE animals consumed significantly less food, drank less water and eliminated the smallest amount of excrements. The induction of cellular cerebral edema was accompanied with a significant loss of body weight (representing on average 13 % of the initial values) mainly due to a reduction of food intake. This phenomenon has not yet been reported.

• MeSH
• antidiuretika toxicita   MeSH
• desmopresin toxicita   MeSH
• edém mozku chemicky indukované   metabolismus   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• intoxikace vodou chemicky indukované   metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Angiopoietin-like proteins (ANGPTLs) 3 and 4 are circulating factors that participate in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We measured serum ANGPTL3 and 4 levels in 23 patients with obesity, 40 patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 22 patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), 15 subjects undergoing 72-h fasting, and 12 patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS), and their changes after very-low-calorie diet (VLCD), bariatric surgery, partial realimentation, acute fasting, and parenteral nutrition in order to assess their possible role in metabolic regulations. RESULTS: Serum ANGPTL4 levels were higher in obese subjects without/with T2DM (94.50 ± 9.51 and 134.19 ± 7.69 vs. 50.34 ± 4.22 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and lower in subjects with AN relative to healthy control subjects (38.22 ± 4.48 vs. 65.80 ± 7.98 ng/ml, p = 0.002), while serum ANGPTL3 levels demonstrated inverse tendency. Nutritional status had no effect on ANGPTL3 and 4 mRNA expression in adipose tissue. Fasting decreased ANGPTL3 and increased ANGPTL4 levels, while VLCD reduced only ANGPTL3. Bariatric surgery and realimentation of AN or SBS patients had no effect on either ANGPTL. Multiple regression analysis identified BMI as an independent predictor of ANGPTL3; and BMI and HbA1c as independent predictors of ANGPTL4, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data suggest that serum ANGPTL3 and 4 levels are influenced by nutritional status and fasting and could be involved in the metabolic disturbances present in obesity and AN.

• MeSH
• angiopoetinu podobné proteiny krev   MeSH
• angiopoetinu podobný protein 4 krev   MeSH
• bariatrická chirurgie MeSH
• chirurgie trávicího traktu MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita krev   chirurgie   MeSH
• podvýživa krev   MeSH
• syndrom krátkého střeva krev   chirurgie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

People with obesity often struggle to maintain their weight loss after a weight loss period. Furthermore, the effect of weight loss on appetite and food preferences remains unclear. Hence this study investigated the effect of weight loss on subjective appetite and food preferences in healthy, overweight and obese volunteers. A subgroup of adult participants (n = 123) from the Diet Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) study (subgroup A) was recruited from across six European countries. Participants lost ≥8% of initial body weight during an 8-week low calorie diet (LCD). Subjective appetite and food preferences were measured before and after the LCD, in response to a standardized meal test, using visual analogue rating scales (VAS) and the Leeds Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). After the LCD, participants reported increased fullness (p < 0.05), decreased desire to eat (p < 0.05) and decreased prospective consumption (p < 0.05) after consuming the test meal. An interaction effect (visit x time) was found for hunger ratings (p < 0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) for hunger, desire to eat and prospective consumption was decreased by 18.1%, 20.2% and 21.1% respectively whereas AUC for fullness increased by 13.9%. Preference for low-energy products measured by the Food Preference Checklist (FPC) decreased by 1.9% before the test meal and by 13.5% after the test meal (p < 0.05). High-carbohydrate and high-fat preference decreased by 11.4% and 16.2% before the test meal and by 17.4% and 22.7% after the meal (p < 0.05). No other effects were observed. These results suggest that LCD induced weight loss decreases the appetite perceptions of overweight volunteers whilst decreasing their preference for high-fat-, high-carbohydrate-, and low-energy products.

• MeSH
• chuť k jídlu * MeSH
• dietní sacharidy aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• energetický příjem MeSH
• hlad MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• jídla MeSH
• kalorická restrikce * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nadváha MeSH
• obezita * dietoterapie   psychologie   MeSH
• plocha pod křivkou MeSH
• preference v jídle * MeSH
• přijímání potravy MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• redukční dieta * MeSH
• udržení hmotnosti MeSH
• zpráva o sobě MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• MeSH
• glykemický index MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek * fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• redukční dieta metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of short-term fasting-induced rapid weight loss with those of slower but equivalent body weight loss induced by daily calorie restriction on muscle protein degradation pathways and muscle protein content. Male Fischer rats were subjected to either 30 % calorie restriction for 2 weeks to slowly decrease body weight (Slow) or 3-day fasting to rapidly decrease body weight by a comparable level of that of the Slow group (Rapid). The final body weights were about 15 % lower in both the Slow and Rapid groups than in the Con group (p<0.001). The total protein content and wet weight of fast-twitch plantaris muscle, but not slow-twitch soleus muscle, were significantly lower in the Rapid group compared with the control rats fed ad libitum. Substantial increases in the expression ratio of autophagosomal membrane proteins (LC3-II/-I ratio) and polyubiquitinated protein concentration, used as biomarkers of autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome activities, respectively, were observed in the plantaris muscle of the Rapid group. Moreover, the LC3-II/-I ratio and polyubiquitinated protein concentration were negatively correlated with the total protein content and wet weight of plantaris muscle. These results suggest that short-term fasting-induced rapid body weight loss activates autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome systems more strongly than calorie restriction-induced slower weight reduction, resulting in muscular atrophy in fast-twitch muscle.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek fyziologie   MeSH
• kalorická restrikce metody   trendy   MeSH
• kosterní svaly metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• omezení příjmu potravy metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani inbrední F344 MeSH
• proteolýza * MeSH
• signální transdukce fyziologie   MeSH
• svalové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH