Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen in humans with an increasing incidence in the community. The "one-health" approach of research is needed to investigate possible reservoirs of C. difficile and route of its transmission. The objective of this study is to investigate the occurrence of C. difficile in pigs in the Czech Republic with characterisation of the isolates to determine their genetic relatedness to C. difficile isolates from European and Asian pigs. A total of 198 pig faeces samples from 23 farms were investigated and of those 57 samples (55 piglets, 2 sows) from 11 farms were confirmed as C. difficile positive. The majority of C. difficile isolates belonged to the sequence type 11 and clade 5. The predominant ribotypes were 078 (n = 23), 078-variant (n = 5), 033 (n = 10) followed by RTs 150 (n = 7), 011 (n = 5), 045 (n = 4), 126, 014, 002 (n = 1, each). All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole, vancomycin and tetracycline. Isolates of RTs 150 and 078-variant were moxifloxacin resistant (MIC≥32 mg/L) and carried the amino acid substitution Thr82Ile in the GyrA. A multi-locus variable number tandem-repeats analysis (MLVA) revealed a clonal relatedness of isolates within individual farms and in C. difficile RT078 isolates between two Czech farms. Czech C. difficile RT078 isolates clustered with German C. difficile RT078 isolates and Czech C. difficile 078-variant isolates clustered with C. difficile RT078 isolates from Japan and Taiwan. This study found an emergence of C. difficile RT078 in Czech piglets that was related genetically to C. difficile RT078 isolates from Germany, Japan and Taiwan.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA gyráza genetika   MeSH
• klostridiové infekce mikrobiologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• metronidazol farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• moxifloxacin farmakologie   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• ribotypizace MeSH
• substituce aminokyselin genetika   MeSH
• tetracyklin farmakologie   MeSH
• vankomycin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Japonsko MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Taiwan MeSH

Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis is generally controlled by antibiotics. However, because of increasing antibiotic resistance, other antibacterial agents are required, preferably ones that do not affect the beneficial intestinal microbiota of the host. This study evaluated the in vitro selective growth-inhibitory effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) on C. perfringens vs. bifidobacteria in a medium containing chicken ileal digesta. Prior to the experiments, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 8HQ and penicillin G were determined by broth microdilution assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of 8HQ for C. perfringens were 16-32 times lower than the values for bifidobacteria. Treatment of autoclaved and non-autoclaved chicken ileal digesta with 8HQ showed a selective anticlostridial effect. After incubation of C. perfringens with autoclaved ileal digesta for 3 h, all 8HQ concentrations tested (32-2048 μg/mL) significantly reduced C. perfringens bacterial count. In contrast, the same treatment had no or only a slight effect on bifidobacteria counts. Unlike 8HQ, penicillin G did not exhibit any selectivity. Similar results were obtained after incubation for 24 h. In non-autoclaved ileal digesta, all 8HQ concentrations tested significantly reduced C. perfringens bacterial counts after incubation for 30 min and 3 h, while no effect was observed on bifidobacteria. These results suggest that 8HQ may serve as a prospective veterinary compound for use against necrotic enteritis in poultry.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium účinky léků   MeSH
• Clostridium perfringens účinky léků   MeSH
• ileum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klostridiové infekce prevence a kontrola   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• kur domácí mikrobiologie   MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže prevence a kontrola   virologie   MeSH
• oxychinolin farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Clostridium difficile patří mezi bakterie patogenní pro člověka i zvířata. Je obávaným původcem nozokomiálních infekcí a začíná se prosazovat i v komunitním prostředí. U zvířat, obdobně jako u člověka, způsobuje infekce gastrointestinálního traktu. Tato bakterie může být prostřednictvím potravinového řetězce (např. vepřové maso) nebo přímým stykem přenesena ze zvířete na člověka. Existují studie dokladující shodu humánních a animálních izolátů C. difficile. Cílem tohoto krátkého sdělení je prezentovat výsledky malé lokální studie zaměřené na detekci C. difficile a jeho toxinů u prasat v okrese Olomouc za použití tří různých metod.

The bacterium Clostridium difficile is pathogenic for both humans and animals. This feared nosocomial infectious agent is increasingly more important in the community as well. Like in humans, the gastrointestinal tract is infected in animals. The bacterium may be transmitted from animals to humans via the food chain (e.g. pork meat) or by direct contact. Identical human and animal isolates of C. difficile have been reported in several studies. The article presents results from a small local study aimed at detecting C. difficile and its toxins in the District of Olomouc, Czech Republic, by 3 different methods.

• Klíčová slova
• zoonóza, toxin, prase,
• MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• enterokolitida etiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• feces mikrobiologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• klostridiové infekce mikrobiologie   přenos   veterinární   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci přenášené potravou MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zoonózy mikrobiologie   přenos   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

The main aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and ribotypes of Clostridium perfringens in broiler flocks reared in 2 European countries that apply European Union Regulation 1831/2003. A total of 1,532 cecum contents were collected between June 2005 and November 2006 from birds belonging to 51 intensively reared flocks produced in the Czech Republic and 41 intensive production, organic, and free-range flocks reared in Italy. Clostridium perfringens was detected in 64.7 and 82.9% of the Czech Republic and Italian flocks, respectively, at mean loads ranging between 3.65 and 4.77 log10 cfu per gram of cecum content. More than 1 ribotype was identified among isolates belonging to the same flock in 57.1 and 76.5% of the Czech Republic and Italian flocks, respectively. Moreover, common ribotypes were identified between strains belonging to 2 up to 8 different flocks. In particular, 4 ribotypes were shared between strains isolated in the 2 European countries. The results of this study report on C. perfringens occurrence and mean populations in broilers reared on diets devoid of antibiotic growth promoters. Moreover, these findings show for the first time the presence of common ribotyping profiles among isolates collected from birds reared more than 1,000 km apart.

• MeSH
• Clostridium perfringens klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• gastrointestinální obsah mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klostridiové infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• kur domácí * MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ribotypizace * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Itálie MeSH

AIMS: To determine susceptibility of Clostridium perfringens strains CCM 4435(T) and CNCTC 5459 to C(2)-C(18) fatty acids, and evaluate influence of pH in cultures grown on glucose. Straw particles were added to cultures to simulate the presence of solid phase of the digestive tract milieu. METHODS AND RESULTS: Antimicrobial activity of fatty acids was expressed as a concentration at which only 50% of the initial glucose was utilized. Lauric acid showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by myristic, capric, oleic and caprylic acid. Only strain CNCTC 5459 was susceptible to linoleic acid. Neither caproic acid and acids with a shorter carbon chain nor palmitic and stearic acid influenced substrate utilization. The antimicrobial activity of myristic, oleic and linoleic acid decreased when clostridia were grown in the presence of straw particles. In cultures of both strains treated with capric and lauric acid at pH 5.0-5.3, the number of viable cells was <10(2) ml(-1). Only lauric acid reduced number of viable cells of both strains below 10(2) ml(-1) at pH > 6. Transmission electron microscopy revealed separation of inner and outer membranes and cytoplasma disorganization in cells treated with lauric acid. CONCLUSIONS: Lauric acid had the highest activity towards C. perfringens among fatty acid tested. Its activity was not influenced by the presence of solid particles and did not cease at pH > 6. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Lauric acid might be a means for control of clostridial infections in farm animals.

• MeSH
• Clostridium perfringens růst a vývoj   účinky léků   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• klostridiové infekce prevence a kontrola   veterinární   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• kyseliny laurové farmakologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• potravinářské přísady aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• transmisní elektronová mikroskopie MeSH