BACKGROUND: Early adulthood is a period of rapid personal development when individuals experience major life transitions (e.g. leaving the parental home, leaving education, beginning employment, cohabitation and parenthood). Changes in social and physical environments associated with these transitions may influence development of health-related behaviours. Consumption of fast food is one behaviour associated with poor diet and long-term health outcomes. In this study we assess how frequency of fast food consumption changes across early adulthood, and how major life transitions are associated with changes in fast food intake. METHODS: Data were collected across four waves of the Project EAT study, from mean age 14.9 (SD = 1.6) to mean age 31.1 (SD = 1.6) years. Participants reporting data at two or more waves were included (n = 2902). Participants reported past week frequency of eating food from a fast food restaurant and responded to questions on living arrangements, education and employment participation, and having children. To assess changes in fast food we developed a latent growth model incorporating an underlying trajectory of fast food intake, five life transitions, and time-invariant covariates. RESULTS: Mean fast food intake followed an underlying quadratic trajectory, increasing through adolescence to a maximum of 1.88 (SE 0.94) times/week and then decreasing again through early adulthood to 0.76 (SE 2.06) times/week at wave 4. Beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent both contributed to increases in fast food intake, each resulting in an average increase in weekly fast food intake of 0.16 (p < 0.01) times/week. Analysis of changes between pairs of waves revealed stronger associations for these two transitions between waves 1-2 (mean age 14.9-19.4 years) than seen in later waves. Leaving the parental home and beginning cohabitation were associated with decreases in fast food intake of - 0.17 (p = 0.004) and - 0.16 (p = 0.007) times/week respectively, while leaving full-time education was not associated with any change. CONCLUSIONS: The transitions of beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent were associated with increases in fast food intake. Public health policy or interventions designed to reduce fast food intake in young adults may benefit from particular focus on populations experiencing these transitions, to ameliorate their impact.
- MeSH
- dieta statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- průmyslově zpracované potraviny statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie MeSH
- zdravé chování fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in Eastern Europe possibly due to changes in environmental factors towards a more "westernised" standard of living. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in exposure to environmental factors prior to diagnosis in Eastern and Western European IBD patients. METHODS: The EpiCom cohort is a population-based, prospective inception cohort of 1560 unselected IBD patients from 31 European countries covering a background population of 10.1 million. At the time of diagnosis patients were asked to complete an 87-item questionnaire concerning environmental factors. RESULTS: A total of 1182 patients (76%) answered the questionnaire, 444 (38%) had Crohn's disease (CD), 627 (53%) ulcerative colitis (UC), and 111 (9%) IBD unclassified. No geographic differences regarding smoking status, caffeine intake, use of oral contraceptives, or number of first-degree relatives with IBD were found. Sugar intake was higher in CD and UC patients from Eastern Europe than in Western Europe while fibre intake was lower (p<0.01). Daily consumption of fast food as well as appendectomy before the age of 20 was more frequent in Eastern European than in Western European UC patients (p<0.01). Eastern European CD and UC patients had received more vaccinations and experienced fewer childhood infections than Western European patients (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In this European population-based inception cohort of unselected IBD patients, Eastern and Western European patients differed in environmental factors prior to diagnosis. Eastern European patients exhibited higher occurrences of suspected risk factors for IBD included in the Western lifestyle.
- MeSH
- apendektomie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc epidemiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- konzumní sacharóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- pertuse epidemiologie MeSH
- potravní vláknina statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- příušnice epidemiologie MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- průmyslově zpracované potraviny statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- spalničky epidemiologie MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida epidemiologie patologie terapie MeSH
- vakcinace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
Obezita dětí je v oblasti veřejného zdraví vážným celosvětovým problémem. Výživa, fyzická (in)aktivita a sedavý životní styl, ke kterému patří sledování televize, práce či hraní her na počítači, jsou nezávislými rizikovými faktory nárůstu BMI (nárůstu hmotnosti). Cílem předkládané práce bylo posoudit asociace mezi stravovacími návyky, fyzickou aktivitou, životním stylem, nadváhou a obezitou u dětí ve věku 8–14 let v Královéhradeckém, Libereckém a Pardubickém kraji. Cílovou skupinou (n = 2042) byli žáci ze základních škol z 2., 4., 6. a 8. ročníku. Všechny sledované parametry (vynechávání jídla, celkový energetický příjem, preference potravin a nápojů...) byly hodnoceny formou četnosti (%) v celé skupině, dle pohlaví a dle tělesné hmotnosti. Ve všech sledovaných parametrech měly děti s nadváhou/obezitou vždy horší výsledky než děti s normální hmotností, i když ne vždy signifikantní. Největší rozdíly byly zjištěny při dodržování pitného režimu, kde děti s nadváhou/obezitou pijí především slazené nápoje.
Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern worldwide. Dietary behaviour, physical activity and a sedentary lifestyle which includes television viewing, working or playing games on the computer are independent risk factors for increased BMI (increasing weight). The aim of this study was to explore dietary habits, physical activity and lifestyle associated with overweight and obesity among children 8–14 years of age, in Hradec Králové, Liberec and Pardubice district. The target population (N = 2042) comprised elementary school children in the 2nd, 4th, 6th and 8th grade. All monitored parameters (skipping meals, total energy intake, food and beverage preferences...) were evaluated by frequency (%) in the group, by gender and according to body weight. In all monitored parameters overweight/obese children have worse results, although not always significantly, than children with normal weight. The biggest differences were found in compliance with liquid intake, overweight/obese children primarily drink sweetened beverages.
- MeSH
- dítě * MeSH
- energetický příjem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nadváha epidemiologie MeSH
- nápoje klasifikace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- obezita * epidemiologie MeSH
- ovoce MeSH
- pití MeSH
- preference v jídle MeSH
- průmyslově zpracované potraviny statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- rozložení podle pohlaví MeSH
- školy MeSH
- socioekonomické faktory MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
- věkové rozložení MeSH
- zelenina MeSH
- životní styl MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
