- MeSH
- biologická terapie metody MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- humanizované monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování farmakologie klasifikace MeSH
- inhibitory Janus kinas aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
- TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida * farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Idiopatické střevní záněty (IBD) jsou imunologicky zprostředkovaná systémová chronická zánětlivá onemocnění. Etiologie obou hlavních zástupců - ulcerózní kolitidy (UC) a Crohnovy choroby (CN) je neznámá a patogeneze obou nemocí je známa jen neúplně. Onemocnění je heterogenní, se širokým spektrem střevních i mimostřevních projevů. Incidence a prevalence idiopatických střevních zánětů vzrůstá a postihuje zejména mladé lidi v reproduktivním věku. Základem diagnózy idiopatických střevních zánětů je detailní anamnéza a kombinace klinických a biochemických vyšetření, vyšetření stolice, endoskopie a zobrazujících radiologických vyšetření (ultrazvuk - UZ, počítačová tomografie - CT a magnetická rezonance - MR). U suspektní IBD je k stanovení diagnózy vyžadována koloskopie s terminální ileoskopií s biopsiemi ze zánětlivě postižené i nepostižené sliznice. Nejčastěji stanovovaný serologický marker je C- reaktivní protein (CRP). Fekální marker kalprotektin (FC) má proti CRP vysokou senzitivitu. Průměrná doba stanovení diagnózy od vzniku symptomů trvá až 10 měsíců. Detailní anamnéza, provedení laboratorního vyšetření se stanovením CRP a fekálního kalprotektinu umožní praktickému lékaři odlišit pacienta s dráždivým tračníkem a správně a včas indikovat koloskopické vyšetření. Zvláštní pozornost je nutné věnovat rizikovým pacientům. U těchto rizikových pacientů je nutno používat časně vysoko účinné léky, aby nedošlo k trvalému poškození trávicí trubice. Tyto vysoce účinné léky - imunosupresiva, biologika a ostatní cílené léky - mohou mít nežádoucí účinky, s jejichž řešením se může praktický lékař setkat.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are immune-mediated systemic chronic inflammation. The etiology of the two main representatives - ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are unknown and the pathogenesis of both diseases is incomplete. The disease is heterogeneous, with a wide range of intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. The incidence and prevalence of idiopathic intestinal inflammation are increasing and mainly affect young people of reproductive age. The diagnosis of idiopathic intestinal inflammation is based on a detailed history and a combination of clinical and biochemical examinations, stool tests, endoscopy, and cross-sectional radiological examinations (ultrasound, computed tomography - CT, and magnetic resonance - MR). Suspicious IBD is used to be diagnosed through a colonoscopy with terminal ileoscopy with a biopsy of the inflammatory and unaffected mucosa. C-reactive protein (CRP) is the most frequently determined serological marker. The fecal marker calprotectin (FC) has a high sensitivity in comparison with CRP. The average duration of diagnosis from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis is up to 10 months. A detailed anamnesis, a laboratory examination with the determination of CRP and fecal calprotectin will enable the general practitioner to distinguish a patient with an irritable bowel syndrome and to correctly and timely indicate a colonoscopy examination. Special attention must be paid to high-risk patients. In patients at risk, highly effective drugs must be used to prevent permanent damage to the gastrointestinal tract. These highly effective drugs - immunosuppressants, biological therapy, and other small targeted drugs - can have side effects; which general practitioners can tackle with.
- MeSH
- časná diagnóza MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc dietoterapie farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mesalamin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- primární zdravotní péče MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida diagnóza farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Zánětlivá střevní onemocnění (IBD) jsou skupinou chronických systémových zánětlivých chorob postihujících především trávicí trakt a patří mezi ně Crohnova choroba a ulcerózní kolitida. V případě, kdy není možné IBD blíže diagnosticky zařadit, používá se výraz neklasifikovaná IBD. Histopatologická diagnostika IBD stojí na rozpoznání chronického zánětlivého vzorce s odpovídajícím topografickým rozložením zánětu, strukturálními abnormalitami sliznice a charakteristickým složením zánětlivé celulizace. Crohnova choroba se vyznačuje kolísavým charakterem zánětu se skip lézemi, predilekčním postižením terminálního ilea a záchytem epiteloidních granulomů v biopsii. Ulcerózní kolitida vykazuje kontinuální charakter zánětu, obvykle postihuje rektum a variabilně stoupá proximálním směrem. Nicméně, stále se rozšiřující množství znalostí o etiopatogenezi, morfologii a klinické prezentaci IBD vedlo ke jejich složité fenotypické subklasifikaci a vyselektování množství atypických podtypů. Diagnostika IBD se tak stala složitým multidisciplinárním procesem. Cílem tohoto doškolovacího textu je podat ucelený přehled morfologie IBD a poskytnout tak podklad pro histopatologickou diagnostiku IBD z endoskopických biopsií i materiálu z chirurgických resekcí.
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) represent a group of chronic systemic inflammatory conditions with predilection to gastrointestinal tract and include Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. If the IBD cannot be further specified, a term unclassified IBD is used. Histopathological diagnosis of IBD relies on identifying a chronic inflammatory pattern in proper topographic distribution, showing structural abnormalities of the intestinal mucosa and characteristic cellular composition of the inflammatory infiltrate. The intestinal involvement in Crohn's disease is typically segmental, with predilection for terminal ileum and presence of epithelioid granulomas in histology. Ulcerative colitis shows a diffuse pattern of the inflammation and usually affects a rectum, with variable extension towards a terminal ileum. However, there is an expanding knowledge about etiopathogenesis, morphology and clinical presentation of IBD, which led to detailed phenotypic subclassification and defined many atypical variants. As a result, diagnosis of IBD became complex multidisciplinary process. The aim of this work is to present an overview of IBD morphology and to provide a base for histopathological diagnosis of IBD on both bioptic samples and surgical resections.
- MeSH
- biopsie metody MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc diagnóza patologie MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- histologické techniky MeSH
- idiopatické střevní záněty * diagnóza patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- tenké střevo anatomie a histologie patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- tlusté střevo anatomie a histologie patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida diagnóza patologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Advances in diagnostics of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and improved treatment strategies allowed the establishment of new therapeutic endpoints. Currently, it is desirable not only to cease clinical symptoms, but mainly to achieve endoscopic remission, a macroscopic normalization of the bowel mucosa. However, up to one-third of IBD patients in remission exhibit persisting microscopic activity of the disease. The evidence suggests a better predictive value of histology for the development of clinical complications such as clinical relapse, surgical intervention, need for therapy escalation, or development of colorectal cancer. The proper assessment of microscopic inflammatory activity thus became an important part of the overall histopathological evaluation of colonic biopsies and many histopathological scoring indices have been established. Nonetheless, a majority of them have not been validated and no scoring index became a part of the routine bioptic practice. This review summarizes a predictive value of microscopic disease activity assessment for the subsequent clinical course of IBD, describes the most commonly used scoring indices for Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, and comments on current limitations and unresolved issues.
Ulcerative colitis is caused by various external factors and is an inflammatory disease that causes decreased intestinal function. Tenebrio molitor larvae contain more than 30 % fat, and the fat component consists of 45 % oleic acid, 20 % linoleic acid and 20 % polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, after administering Tenebrio molitor larva oil (TMLO) in a dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis mouse model, the pathological findings and inflammatory markers of colitis were analysed to assess whether a colitis mitigation effect was achieved. In the TMLO-administered group, the colon length increased, the spleen weight decreased, and the body weight increased compared with that in the DSS group. In addition, the disease activity index level decreased, the mRNA expression level of inflammatory cytokines in the colon decreased, and the myeloperoxidase activity level significantly decreased. Also, the activity of the NF-κB pathway involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response was lower in the TMLO group than in the DSS group. Taken together, these results suggest that TMLO suppresses occurrence of acute ulcerative colitis in the DSS mouse model. Therefore, TMLO has the potential to be developed as a health food for the prevention and treatment of ulcerative colitis.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- kolitida * chemicky indukované farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- larva MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši MeSH
- síran dextranu toxicita MeSH
- Tenebrio * MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida * chemicky indukované farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- biopsie MeSH
- Crohnova nemoc patologie terapie MeSH
- delfská metoda MeSH
- klinické rozhodování MeSH
- konsensus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metody pro podporu rozhodování * MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- střeva patologie MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida patologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- konsensus - konference MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
- systematický přehled MeSH
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Histological scoring plays a key role in the assessment of disease activity in ulcerative colitis [UC] and is also important in Crohn ́s disease [CD]. Currently, there is no common scoring available for UC and CD. We aimed to validate the Inflammatory Bowel Disease [IBD]-Distribution [D], Chronicity [C], Activity [A] score [IBD-DCA score] for histological disease activity assessment in IBD. METHODS: Inter- and intra-rater reliability were assessed by 16 observers on biopsy specimens from 59 patients with UC and 25 patients with CD. Construct validity and responsiveness to treatment were retrospectively evaluated in a second cohort of 30 patients. RESULTS: Inter-rater reliability was moderate to good for the UC cohort (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs] = 0.645, 0.623, 0.767 for D, C, and A, respectively) and at best moderate for the CD cohort [ICC = 0.690, 0.303, 0.733 for D, C, and A, respectively]. Intra-rater agreement ranged from good to excellent in both cohorts. Correlation with the Nancy Histological Index [NHI] was moderate and strong with the Simplified Geboes Score [SGS] and a Visual Analogue Scale [VAS], respectively. Large effect sizes were obtained for all three parameters. External responsiveness analysis revealed correlated changes between IBD-DCA score and NHI, SGS and VAS. CONCLUSIONS: The IBD-DCA score is a simple histological activity score for UC and CD, agreed and validated by a large group of IBD specialists. It provides reliable information on treatment response. Therefore, it has potential value for use in routine diagnostics as well as clinical studies.
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of a standardized animal model subjected to antibiotic treatment, and the effects of this treatment on the course of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. By decontamination with selective antibiotics and observation of pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) induced chemically by exposure of mice to various concentrations of DSS, we obtained an optimum animal PGF model of acute UC manifested by mucin depletion, epithelial degeneration and necrosis, leading to the disappearance of epithelial cells, infiltration of lamina propria and submucosa with neutrophils, cryptitis, and accompanied by decreased viability of intestinal microbiota, loss of body weight, dehydration, moderate rectal bleeding, and a decrease in the selected markers of cellular proliferation and apoptosis. The obtained PGF model did not exhibit changes that could contribute to inflammation by means of alteration of the metabolic status and the induced dysbiosis did not serve as a bearer of pathogenic microorganisms participating in development of ulcerative colitis. The inflammatory process was induced particularly by exposure to DSS and its toxic action on compactness and integrity of mucosal barrier in the large intestine. This offers new possibilities of the use of this animal model in studies with or without participation of pathogenic microbiota in IBD pathogenesis.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- apoptóza fyziologie MeSH
- epitelové buňky patologie MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši MeSH
- proliferace buněk fyziologie MeSH
- síran dextranu farmakologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- střevní sliznice mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida chemicky indukované farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- zánět farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Fecal calprotectin (F-CPT) represents one of the most widely used biomarkers for intestinal inflammation. However, the levels may be false negative or false positive in some situations. AIMS: To evaluate the usefulness of immunohistochemical (IHC) detection of tissue calprotectin (T-CPT) in bowel mucosa in children with ulcerative colitis (UC). We focused at correlation of T-CPT with levels of F-CPT and endoscopic and microscopic disease activity at the time of diagnosis and tested whether T-CPT could serve as predictor of complicated course of the disease. METHODS: Forty-nine children with newly diagnosed UC between 6/2010-1/2018 entered the study. Endoscopic activity was objectified using the Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS), clinical activity by Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) and microscopic activity by Geboes and Nancy score. The IHC staining for CPT antigen was performed on bioptic samples from 6 bowel segments and the number of CPT + cells were counted per 1HPF. During the minimal follow-up of 12 months we searched for presence of complications. As outcome for Cox regression model we used composite endpoints: A) Acute Severe Colitis, colectomy, anti-TNF treatment; B) systemic corticotherapy; C) systemic 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy. RESULTS: Neither levels of T-CPT nor values of UCEIS, Geboes or Nancy score predicted the given complications. We found F-CPT levels (HR 2.42 and 2.52) and PUCAI > 40 points (HR 2.98) as predictors of time to endpoints B and C. Good correlation was found between T-CPT levels and Geboes score (k = 0.65) and Nancy score (k = 0.62) and modest with F-CPT (k = 0.44), UCEIS (k = 0.38) and PUCAI (k = 0.42). CONCLUSIONS: T-CPT correlated well with microscopic scores. F-CPT and PUCAI appear to be better predictors of unfavorable outcome in patients with UC.
- MeSH
- antiflogistika terapeutické užití MeSH
- biologické markery analýza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- gastrointestinální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- imunohistochemie MeSH
- kolektomie MeSH
- kolon chemie patologie MeSH
- kolonoskopie MeSH
- leukocytární L1-antigenní komplex analýza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- střevní sliznice chemie patologie MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida metabolismus patologie terapie MeSH
- věk při počátku nemoci MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Background and Aims: Few population-based cohort studies have assessed the disease course of ulcerative colitis [UC] in the era of biological therapy and widespread use of immunomodulators. The aim of this study was to assess the 5-year outcome and disease course of patients with UC in the Epi-IBD cohort. Methods: In a prospective, population-based inception cohort of unselected patients with UC, patients were followed up from the time of their diagnosis, which included the collection of their clinical data, demographics, disease activity, medical therapy, and rates of surgery, cancers, and deaths. Associations between outcomes and multiple covariates were analysed by Cox regression analysis. Results: A total of 717 patients were included in the study. During follow-up, 43 [6%] patients underwent a colectomy and 163 [23%] patients were hospitalised. Of patients with limited colitis [distal to the left flexure], 90 [21%] progressed to extensive colitis. In addition, 92 [27%] patients with extensive colitis experienced a regression in disease extent, which was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalisation (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.5 95% CI: 0.3-0.8]. Overall, patients were treated similarly in both geographical regions; 80 [11%] patients needed biological therapy and 210 [29%] patients received immunomodulators. Treatment with immunomodulators was found to reduce the risk of hospitalisation [HR: 0.5 95% CI: 0.3-0.8]. Conclusions: Although patients in this population-based cohort were treated more aggressively with immunomodulators and biological therapy than in cohorts from the previous two decades, their disease outcomes, including colectomy rates, were no different. However, treatment with immunomodulators was found to reduce the risk of hospitalisation.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- gastrointestinální látky terapeutické užití MeSH
- hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- imunologické faktory terapeutické užití MeSH
- kolektomie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- ulcerózní kolitida patologie terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH