Staphylococcal food poisoning is one of the most prevalent causes of foodborne intoxication worldwide. Sandwiches and desserts are susceptible to contamination by S. aureus due to the high proportion of manual work during their production. Our study aimed to evaluate the impact of storage conditions on staphylococcal enterotoxin production in sandwiches and buttercream puffs. Foods were inoculated with different S. aureus strains capable of producing type A, B, and C staphylococcal enterotoxins and incubated at 15, 25, and 30 °C. During the storage, samples were analysed for S. aureus counts and for staphylococcal enterotoxins. An enzyme-linked fluorescence assay was used to detect staphylococcal enterotoxins. The influence of inappropriate storage on S. aureus growth and staphylococcal enterotoxin production was evaluated. No staphylococcal enterotoxins were detected in sandwiches stored for 72 h at any of the tested temperatures. In buttercream puffs, enterotoxins type A, B, and C were detected within 24 h of storage at 25 °C.

The assessment of mercury content in the muscle, liver and kidneys of fattening pigs and sows was conducted in the Czech Republic during the period of 2015–2019. The samples were collected from sows (n = 31) and fattening pigs (n = 210). The average mercury content in muscle, liver, and kidneys of sows over 5 years was 0.00057 ± 0.00004, 0.0045 ± 0.0008, and 0.0224 ± 0.0067 mg·kg-1, respectively. The average mercury content in muscle, liver, and kidneys of fattening pigs over the same period was 0.00059 ± 0.00004, 0.0012 ± 0.0001, and 0.0044 ± 0.0004 mg·kg-1, respectively. The maximum residual limit (MRL) for human consumption was exceeded in 14 kidney samples. The mercury content in liver did not differ significantly between sows and fattening pigs; in kidneys, the mercury content was higher in sows, with a significant difference in one year (P < 0.05). A slight decrease in the mercury content in kidneys and liver was observed in fattening pigs from the year 2015. In sows, there was a significant increase in the mercury content in kidneys in the year 2016. It can be concluded that there is a need for further monitoring of the mercury content in pig tissues in the Czech Republic.

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Trombocytopenie u nemocných s antifosfolipidovými protilátkami (APA) je relativně častým nálezem, který je prokazován u přibližně 20– 40 % případů. Existuje pravděpodobně více mechanizmů, které vedou v těchto případech k trombocytopenii. Autoři shrnují současné znalosti patofyziologie, klinické manifestace a řešení APA- asociované trombocytopenie a jiných příčin snížené hodnoty trombocytů v periferní krvi u osob s pozitivními APA.

Thrombocytopenia in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (APA) is relative common fi nding which is found in approximately 20– 40% of cases. There are likely different mechanisms resulting in thrombocytopenia in these situations. Authors summarise current knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and management of APA-associated thrombocytopenia and other causes of decreased value of peripheral blood platelets in APA positive persons.

• Klíčová slova
• léčba, patofyziologie,
• MeSH
• antifosfolipidové protilátky izolace a purifikace   krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• antifosfolipidový syndrom diagnóza   etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• glykoproteiny membrány trombocytů izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin terapeutické užití   MeSH
• idiopatická trombocytopenická purpura MeSH
• imunosupresiva terapeutické užití   MeSH
• intravenózní imunoglobuliny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
• klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
• splenektomie metody   využití   MeSH
• trombocytopenie etiologie   klasifikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

The aim of the present study is to assess aquatic ecosystem contamination using selected biochemical markers: cytochrome P450, ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), tripeptide glutathione, vitellogenin, and 11-ketotestosterone in chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.). Seven locations on the Svitava and Svratka rivers (in the Brno conurbation, Czech Republic) were assessed. The results were compared with the levels of the most important inductors of these biomarkers: organic pollutants hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), DDT and its metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bottom sediment, fish muscle, and semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and metals in sediment. The highest levels of pollutants were observed at sites situated downstream from Brno, especially at Modrice and Rajhradice. Significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) were found between EROD activity and HCH concentration in SPMDs, and also between GST and EROD activity with HCB concentration in muscle, after adjusting for age.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• Cyprinidae metabolismus   MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory analýza   MeSH
• glutathiontransferasa metabolismus   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• organické látky analýza   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• testosteron analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• vitelogeniny krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The study was designed to assess the pollution of the Svitava and Svratka rivers in and around the industrial city of Brno (Czech Republic) by persistent organic pollutants using selected biochemical markers in chub. DESIGN: Levels of selected biochemical markers were measured in liver and plasma samples of chub. The concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were determined in bottom sediment, semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) and muscle samples, and consequently used for correlation with biochemical markers. RESULTS: Significant alterations (p < 0.05) in some biochemical markers were observed and associated with combined exposure to pollutants. The highest levels of pollutants were found at sites situated downstream from Brno. The most widespread changes were identified in the function of phase I detoxifying enzymes. Significant positive correlations were observed in cytochrome P450 content and DDT concentration in the semi-permeable membrane device (p = 0.019, rs = 0.886), and between ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity and content of DDT (p = 0.041, rs = 0.352) and polychlorinated biphenyls (p = 0.034, rs = 0.365) in muscle tissues of indicator fish. CONCLUSION: The results presented in our study indicate the highest contamination of sites situated downstream from Brno, where the intensive industrial and agricultural activities as well as domestic waste and sewage most probably comprise the main impact sources of the enhanced level of pollutants and some biochemical markers in fish.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• Cyprinidae metabolismus   MeSH
• cytochrom P-450 CYP1A1 metabolismus   MeSH
• DDT analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• játra chemie   enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kosterní svaly chemie   enzymologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vodu analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 metabolismus   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• znečištění vody analýza   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Exposure to mercury, a risk factor for neuro-developmental toxicity, was evaluated in the Czech Republic by performing mercury determination using human hair as an indicator. METHODS: Hair samples from Czechs (n=311; 2-66 years old) were analyzed for mercury content. Total mercury was analysed by mercury analyzer AMA 254. RESULTS: The highest total mercury content found in sampled hair was 3.55 microg/g and the lowest content was 0.015 microg/g. No correlation was found between the mercury levels in the sampled hair and the subject's age, gender, and the amount of amalgam fillings. A total of 38 hair samples were analyzed for methylmercury content. CONCLUSION: The results show a positive correlation between the total mercury content in human hair and the consumption of marine and freshwater fish. Hair are a very good indicator of fish consumption.

• MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• rtuť analýza   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• stárnutí MeSH
• vlasy, chlupy chemie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí analýza   MeSH
• zubní amalgam MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of metals, with special attention of cadmium (Cd), content of the Svitava and Svratka rivers (Czech Republic) on levels of thiol compounds such as metallothioneins (MT), glutathione (GSH/GSSG), and cysteine (Cys) concentrations in chub (Leuciscus cephalus L.) liver and their use as biomarkers. DESIGN: Levels of thiol compounds in fish liver were determined by the differential pulse voltammetry Brdicka reaction. Cadmium content in L. cephalus liver was measured by atomic absorption spectometry (AAS) with electrothermal atomization. The contents of thiols and Cd were correlated with the Cd and metals content of river bottom sediments. RESULTS: Results were inconsistent with those of experimental studies. Correlations between liver Cd content and MT, Cys, GSSG were not significant in any locality (p > 0.05). Cd liver content was negatively (p< 0.05) correlated with GSH at one (Zidlochovice) of the seven tested sites. GSH and GSSG correlated negatively in five localities (p > 0.05). Correlations between Cd in sediment and Cys and GSSG (p > 0.05), and MT was negative (p< 0.05). The relationship between sum of metals value and MT was negative (p< 0.05), similarly with GSSG (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Many factors influence content of MT, GSH, and GSSG, and data for Cd were equivocal. Monitoring the aquatic ecosystem to identify metal content using thiol compounds in fish liver as biomarkers is complex. More relevant data including laboratory experiments will be required to assess most of the factors influencing thiols and their relevance to Cd contamination.

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• Cyprinidae metabolismus   MeSH
• cystein metabolismus   MeSH
• glutathion metabolismus   MeSH
• játra chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kadmium analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• kovy analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová MeSH
• sulfhydrylové sloučeniny analýza   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The aim of the study was to evaluate factors that influence health status and work disability in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in the Czech Republic. Data were collected in a retrospective fashion directly from patients with AS using mailed questionnaires containing questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics of patients, the course of their disease, therapy, rehabilitation, quality of life, and ability to work. HAQ-DI (Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index) and BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) were also included in the questionnaires; 1,008 questionnaires were suitable for further statistical analysis. The average age +/- SD of patients was 50.2 +/- 10.7 years, the average symptom duration was 23.0 +/- 11.6 years. Mean time from first symptoms to diagnosis was 9.1 years. Full disability had been awarded to 303 patients (30%) at some point of their disease. Twenty seven percent of patients reported receiving full disability pension for 10 or more years. Four hundred fifty six subjects (45%) were currently or had been previously receiving partial disability pension. Receiving disability pension was more frequent among men (64%) compared to women (56%) (P = 0.012), despite the fact that women had higher BASDAI (P < 0.001) and HAQ-DI (P = 0.004) scores. Patients with a family history of AS had higher BASDAI and HAQ-DI scores (P = 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively) compared to patients without a family history of AS. BASDAI and HAQ-DI scores correlated with age and duration of illness, younger patients and those with shorter disease duration had lower values. Fifty eight percent of patients reported a BASDAI score > or =4 (current cutoff value for initiation of biological therapy), but only 1% of patients were treated by anti TNF alpha agents within the last year. Seven hundred ninety one patients underwent spa treatment in the previous year; 96% of them experienced improvement of their health condition.

• MeSH
• analýza hlavních komponent MeSH
• ankylózující spondylitida komplikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• posuzování pracovní neschopnosti MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The primary aim of the research was to find the delay between the first symptoms of an autistic disorder being recognized by parents and diagnosis in our centre. A secondary objective was to evaluate the number of contacts with professionals (physicians, teachers, and speech therapists) in which parents pointed out special manifestations seen in children and, in spite of that, the children were not referred to a specialist. A retrospective study assessed 204 children (59 girls, 145 boys) in total; 126 children (39 girls, 87 boys) with childhood autism (CHA), 57 (17 girls, 40 boys) with atypical autism (AA), and 21 (3 girls, 18 boys) with Asperger's syndrome (AS). The mean age at appearance of the first signs was 29.7 months (range 0-70, median 30+/-17.0) in N=201, and the average age at diagnosis was 81.5 months (range 13-276, median 69.5+/-45.2) in N=204. The mean delay in making a diagnosis was 51.3 months (range 0-246, median 39+/-40.9) in N=201. The delay in diagnosis is shortest in patients with AA (a mean period of 44.4 months = 3 years and 8 months), longer in CHA patients (49.5 months = 4 years and 2 months), and longest in patients with AS (80.8 months = 6 years and 9 months). A statistically significant difference in the period to diagnosis was found between CHA and AS patients (p=0.023) and between AA and AS patients (p=0.019). The mean number of visits to physicians and other specialists before referring to a specialized centre for diagnosis in N=133 was 2.4 (range 1-5, median 2+/-0.9). The diagnosis of autism is made late and early educational and behavioural interventions cannot be initiated.

• MeSH
• autistická porucha diagnóza   klasifikace   MeSH
• časná diagnóza MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chybná diagnóza statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• konziliární vyšetření a konzultace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kvalita zdravotní péče MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• raná péče normy   MeSH
• rodiče MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH