The study will be carried out in a representative cohort of 1200 Czech adolescents aged 13.0 – 17.9 years as well as in 600 children treated for obesity. Data on the personal history, perinatal, socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics, essential physical examination, anthropometry, body composition assessment by bioimpedance and dietary intake will be collected in each subject. Effect of nutrition on the development of metabolic syndrome and the spectrum of fatty acids in serum and lipid metabolism and its changes during short-term weight reduction program will be observed. The other aim of the project is to investigate the composition of fatty acids and polymorphisms of selected genes and adipokine levels and its relationship to the metabolic syndrome.

Studie je prováděna na reprezentativním vzorku 1200 českých adolescentů ve věku 13,0 – 17,9 let a u 600 dětí léčených pro obezitu. U každého jedince se shromažďují anamnestická data, perinatální, socioekonomické a behaviorální charakteristiky, údaje o základním fyzikálním vyšetření, antropometrii, vyšetření tělesného složení bioimpedancí a záznamy jídelníčku. Bude sledován vliv výživy na rozvoj metabolického syndromu a spektrum mastných kyselin v séru a lipidový metabolismus a jejich změny během krátkodobého redukčního programu. Zároveň bude zkoumáno složení mastných kyselin a polymorfizmů vybraných genů a hladin adipokinů a jejich vztah k metabolickému syndromu.

• MeSH
• adipokiny MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• fyziologie výživy dětí MeSH
• fyziologie výživy mladistvých MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   krev   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• obezita MeSH
• redukční dieta MeSH
• změny tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

• Konspekt
• Pediatrie
• NLK Obory
• pediatrie
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa
• obezitologie
• endokrinologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

Z hlediska nutričních faktorů je s ohledem na nadváhu a obezitu zaměřena značná pozornost na vápník a další komponenty mléka. Na základě studií se ukazuje, že především vápník, bílkoviny, větvené aminokyseliny a syrovátkové bioaktivní peptidy mohou napomáhat redukci hmotnosti a zlepšovat složení těla v průběhu hubnutí, zejména ve smyslu šetření beztukové hmoty (fat free mass, FFM). Dieta o vyšším obsahu bílkoviny a vápníku se uplatňuje i v regulaci příjmu potravy a zlepšuje celkovou spolupráci pacienta při dodržování redukčního režimu.

Considerable attention is focused on calcium and other components of milk in terms of nutritional factors in the context of overweight and obesity. Studies have shown that calcium, proteins, branched amino acids and bioactive whey peptides in particular may help to reduce weight and improve body composition during weight loss, especially in terms of fat free mass (FFM) loss prevention. A diet with a higher content of proteins and calcium is also relevant to the regulation of food intake and improves overall patient compliance with weight management.

• MeSH
• energetický metabolismus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• mléko * metabolismus   MeSH
• peptidy MeSH
• potraviny MeSH
• proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• vápník * metabolismus   MeSH
• změny tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• PUFA-n3, oxidace mastných kyselin,
• MeSH
• exprese genu fyziologie   MeSH
• inzulin nedostatek   sekrece   MeSH
• inzulinová rezistence MeSH
• klinické zkoušky jako téma MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipogeneze fyziologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny biosyntéza   MeSH
• metabolický syndrom * diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nenasycené mastné kyseliny * fyziologie   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• obezita * diagnóza   dietoterapie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• permeabilita buněčné membrány MeSH
• protein SREBP1 biosyntéza   MeSH
• protein SREBP2 biosyntéza   MeSH
• receptory aktivované proliferátory peroxizomů metabolismus   MeSH
• transport proteinů fyziologie   MeSH
• tuková tkáň patofyziologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Obesity in childhood increases the risk of obesity in adulthood and is predictive for the development of metabolic disorders. The fatty acid composition is associated with obesity and obesity-associated disorders. We investigated the relationship between serum fatty acids composition, adiposity, lipids profile, parameters of glucose metabolism and leptin. The study subjects were 380 adolescents aged 15.0-17.9 years. The study's variables included anthropometric measurements, levels of serum lipids and hormonal parameters. Individual fatty acids were determined in plasma by gas-liquid chromatography. Palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7, PA) significantly positively correlated with percentage of body fat. Saturated fatty acids in phospholipids (PL) positively correlated with BMI and percentage of body fat. PA content in all lipids classes positively correlated with total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) levels. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity positively correlated with percentage of body fat and positive correlations of SCD and PA level with leptin were found. Plasma PA content and SCD are associated with adiposity and leptin in obese adolescents. No significant correlation between PA level and insulin resistance was found. Palmitoleate positively correlated with TC, HDL cholesterol, TG and LDL cholesterol levels.

• MeSH
• adipozita fyziologie   MeSH
• HDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• LDL-cholesterol krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny krev   MeSH
• metabolom fyziologie   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• triglyceridy krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Specific targets for most obesity candidate genes discovered by genomewide association studies remain unknown. Such genes are often highly expressed in the hypothalamus, indicating their role in energy homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the associations of selected gene variants with adiposity and dietary traits. Anthropometric parameters, fat mass, dietary intake (total energy, fat, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, and calcium) and 10 gene variants (in/near TMEM18, SH2B1, KCTD15, PCSK1, BDNF, SEC16B, MC4R and FTO) were analyzed in 1953 Czech individuals aged 10.0 to 18.0 years (1035 nonoverweight and 918 overweight: body mass index [BMI] ≥90th percentile). Obesity risk alleles of TMEM18 rs7561317, SEC16B rs10913469, and FTO rs9939609 were related to increased body weight and BMI (P < .005). The FTO variant also showed a significant positive association with waist circumference and fat mass (P < .001). Overweight adolescents had a lower total energy intake (P < .001) but a higher percentage of fat (P = .009) and protein intake (P < .001) than the nonoverweight subjects. There was also a lower calcium intake in the overweight group (P < .001). An association with at least one component of dietary intake was found in 3 of 10 studied gene variants. The MC4R rs17782313 was associated negatively with protein (P = .012) and positively associated with fiber (P = .032) intakes. The obesity risk alleles of BDNF rs925946 and FTO rs9939609 were related to a lower calcium intake (P = .001 and .037). The effects of FTO and MC4R variants, however, disappeared after corrections for multiple testing. Our results suggest that the common BDNF variant may influence dietary calcium intake independent of BMI.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• energetický příjem * MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti * MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mozkový neurotrofický faktor genetika   MeSH
• nadváha MeSH
• obezita etiologie   genetika   MeSH
• receptor melanokortinový typ 4 genetika   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• vápník dietní aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

BACKGROUND: Adolescence, due to transient pubertal insulin resistance (IR), is associated with a higher risk for disturbances of glucose metabolism. The aim of our study was 1) to investigate the prevalence of disturbances of glucose metabolism, 2) to define gender specific homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) thresholds associated with increased cardiometabolic risks and 3) to provide predictors of HOMA-IR. METHODS: The studied cohort consisted of Czech adolescents aged 13.0-17.9 years: 1,518 individuals of general population and three studied groups according weight category (615 normal weight, 230 overweight and 683 obese). The prevalence of IR, impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes was assessed. Risky HOMA-IR thresholds based on components of metabolic syndrome were investigated. HOMA-IR prediction was calculated taking into account age, blood pressure, multiple anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters. RESULTS: In general population cohort, the prevalence of IFG and type 2 diabetes was 7.0% and <0.5%, respectively. Boys regardless of weight presented significantly higher levels of blood glucose and higher prevalence of IFG than girls. Obese boys were found more insulin resistant than obese girls. HOMA-IR thresholds of 3.6 for girls and 4.4 for boys were associated with increased cardiometabolic risks. For both genders, the model of HOMA-IR prediction was composed of age, BMI, ratio of free triiodthyronine to free thyroxine, gamma-glutamyltransferase activity and levels of triglycerides and sex hormone-binding globulin. CONCLUSIONS: The type 2 diabetes in adolescents, including those who were obese, was rarely diagnosed. Obese adolescent boys were at greater risk for IR and for IFG than obese girls. In adolescence, thresholds of HOMA-IR in contrast to predictors were found gender specific.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Nutrigenomics investigates relationships between nutrients and all genome-encoded molecular entities. This holistic approach requires systems biology to scrutinize the effects of diet on tissue biology. To decipher the adipose tissue (AT) response to diet induced weight changes we focused on key molecular (lipids and transcripts) AT species during a longitudinal dietary intervention. To obtain a systems model, a network approach was used to combine all sets of variables (bio-clinical, fatty acids and mRNA levels) and get an overview of their interactions. AT fatty acids and mRNA levels were quantified in 135 obese women at baseline, after an 8-week low calorie diet (LCD) and after 6 months of ad libitum weight maintenance diet (WMD). After LCD, individuals were stratified a posteriori according to weight change during WMD. A 3 steps approach was used to infer a global model involving the 3 sets of variables. It consisted in inferring intra-omic networks with sparse partial correlations and inter-omic networks with regularized canonical correlation analysis and finally combining the obtained omic-specific network in a single global model. The resulting networks were analyzed using node clustering, systematic important node extraction and cluster comparisons. Overall, AT showed both constant and phase-specific biological signatures in response to dietary intervention. AT from women regaining weight displayed growth factors, angiogenesis and proliferation signaling signatures, suggesting unfavorable tissue hyperplasia. By contrast, after LCD a strong positive relationship between AT myristoleic acid (a fatty acid with low AT level) content and de novo lipogenesis mRNAs was found. This relationship was also observed, after WMD, in the group of women that continued to lose weight. This original system biology approach provides novel insight in the AT response to weight control by highlighting the central role of myristoleic acid that may account for the beneficial effects of weight loss.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genové regulační sítě genetika   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• kalorická restrikce * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita metabolismus   MeSH
• stanovení celkové genové exprese MeSH
• tuková tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH