There is increasing evidence that bisphenols BPS and BPF, which are analogues of BPA, have deleterious effects on reproduction even at extremely low doses. Indirect exposure via the maternal route (i.e. across the placenta and/or by breastfeeding) is underestimated, although it can be assumed to be a cause of idiopathic female infertility. Therefore, we hypothesised the deleterious effects of exposure to BPA analogues during breastfeeding on the ovarian and oocyte quality of offspring. A 15-day exposure period of pups was designed, whilst nursing dams (N ≥ 6 per experimental group) were treated via drinking water with a low (0.2 ng/g body weight/day) or moderate (20 ng/g body weight/day) dose of bisphenol, mimicking real exposure in humans. Thereafter, female pups were bred to 60 days and oocytes were collected. Immature oocytes were used in the in-vitro maturation assay; alternatively, in-vivo-matured oocytes were isolated and used for parthenogenetic activation. Both in-vitro- and in-vivo-matured oocytes were subjected to immunostaining of spindle microtubules (α-tubulin) and demethylation of histone H3 on the lysine K27 (H3K27me2) residue. Although very low doses of both BPS and BPF did not affect the quality of ovarian histology, spindle formation and epigenetic signs were affected. Notably, in-vitro-matured oocytes were significantly sensitive to both doses of BPS and BPF. Although no significant differences in spindle-chromatin quality were identified in ovulated and in-vivo-matured oocytes, developmental competence was significantly damaged. Taken together, our mouse model provides evidence that bisphenol analogues represent a risk to human reproduction, possibly leading to idiopathic infertility in women.
- MeSH
- aparát dělícího vřeténka účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- benzhydrylové sloučeniny metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- epigeneze genetická MeSH
- fenoly metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- fertilita účinky léků MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- IVM techniky MeSH
- kojená zvířata MeSH
- laktace metabolismus MeSH
- matka - expozice noxám MeSH
- mléko metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední ICR MeSH
- oocyty účinky léků metabolismus patologie MeSH
- ovariální rezerva účinky léků MeSH
- ovarium účinky léků metabolismus patofyziologie MeSH
- sulfony metabolismus toxicita MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- vývojová regulace genové exprese MeSH
- ženská infertilita chemicky indukované metabolismus patologie patofyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A 1000-cow study across four European countries was undertaken to understand to what extent ruminant microbiomes can be controlled by the host animal and to identify characteristics of the host rumen microbiome axis that determine productivity and methane emissions. A core rumen microbiome, phylogenetically linked and with a preserved hierarchical structure, was identified. A 39-member subset of the core formed hubs in co-occurrence networks linking microbiome structure to host genetics and phenotype (methane emissions, rumen and blood metabolites, and milk production efficiency). These phenotypes can be predicted from the core microbiome using machine learning algorithms. The heritable core microbes, therefore, present primary targets for rumen manipulation toward sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.
- MeSH
- bachor metabolismus MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- krev metabolismus MeSH
- methan metabolismus MeSH
- mléko metabolismus MeSH
- skot genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra genetika fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- jogurt využití MeSH
- kaseiny MeSH
- kozy * MeSH
- laktosa MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko MeSH
- mléčné bílkoviny MeSH
- mléčné výrobky * analýza klasifikace využití MeSH
- mléko * chemie metabolismus využití MeSH
- nesnášenlivost laktózy MeSH
- savci MeSH
- skot MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- sýr využití MeSH
- syrovátkové proteiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- skot MeSH
Proteome modifications in a biological fluid can potentially indicate the occurrence of pathologies, even if the identification of a proteome fingerprint correlated to a specific disease represents a very difficult task. When a nanomaterial is introduced into a biological fluid, macromolecules compete to form a protein corona on the nanoparticle surface, and depending on the specific proteome, different patterns of proteins will form the final protein corona shell depending on their affinity for the nanoparticle surface. Novel surface active maghemite nanoparticles (SAMNs) display a remarkable selectivity toward protein corona formation, and they are able to concentrate proteins and peptides presenting high affinities for their surface even if they are present in very low amounts. Thus, SAMNs may confer visibility to hidden biomarkers correlated to the occurrence of a pathology. In the present report, SAMNs were introduced into milk samples from healthy cows and from animals affected by mastitis, and the selectively bound protein corona shell was easily analyzed and quantified by gel electrophoresis and characterized by mass spectrometry. Upon incubation in mastitic milk, SAMNs were able to selectively bind αs2-casein fragments containing the FALPQYLK sequence, as part of the larger casocidin-1 peptide with strong antibacterial activity, which were not present in healthy samples. Thus, SAMNs can be used as a future candidate for the rapid diagnosis of mastitis in bovine milk. The present report proposes protein competition for SAMN protein corona formation as a means of mirroring proteome modifications. Thus, the selected protein shell on the nanoparticles results in a fingerprint of the specific pathology.
- MeSH
- biologické markery chemie metabolismus MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- kaseiny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- kovové nanočástice chemie MeSH
- mastitida diagnóza metabolismus MeSH
- mléčné bílkoviny chemie metabolismus MeSH
- mléko chemie metabolismus MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- proteinová korona chemie metabolismus MeSH
- proteom chemie metabolismus MeSH
- proteomika metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- skot MeSH
- železité sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- skot MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Z hlediska nutričních faktorů je s ohledem na nadváhu a obezitu zaměřena značná pozornost na vápník a další komponenty mléka. Na základě studií se ukazuje, že především vápník, bílkoviny, větvené aminokyseliny a syrovátkové bioaktivní peptidy mohou napomáhat redukci hmotnosti a zlepšovat složení těla v průběhu hubnutí, zejména ve smyslu šetření beztukové hmoty (fat free mass, FFM). Dieta o vyšším obsahu bílkoviny a vápníku se uplatňuje i v regulaci příjmu potravy a zlepšuje celkovou spolupráci pacienta při dodržování redukčního režimu.
Considerable attention is focused on calcium and other components of milk in terms of nutritional factors in the context of overweight and obesity. Studies have shown that calcium, proteins, branched amino acids and bioactive whey peptides in particular may help to reduce weight and improve body composition during weight loss, especially in terms of fat free mass (FFM) loss prevention. A diet with a higher content of proteins and calcium is also relevant to the regulation of food intake and improves overall patient compliance with weight management.
Improving the feed efficiency of dairy cattle has a substantial effect on the economic efficiency and on the reduction of harmful environmental effects of dairy production through lower feeding costs and emissions from dairy farming. To assess the economic importance of feed efficiency in the breeding goal for dairy cattle, the economic values for the current breeding goal traits and the additional feed efficiency traits for Finnish Ayrshire cattle under production circumstances in 2011 were determined. The derivation of economic values was based on a bioeconomic model in which the profit of the production system was calculated, using the generated steady state herd structure. Considering beef production from dairy farms, 2 marketing strategies for surplus calves were investigated: (A) surplus calves were sold at a young age and (B) surplus calves were fattened on dairy farms. Both marketing strategies were unprofitable when subsidies were not included in the revenues. When subsidies were taken into account, a positive profitability was observed in both marketing strategies. The marginal economic values for residual feed intake (RFI) of breeding heifers and cows were -25.5 and -55.8 €/kg of dry matter per day per cow and year, respectively. The marginal economic value for RFI of animals in fattening was -29.5 €/kg of dry matter per day per cow and year. To compare the economic importance among traits, the standardized economic weight of each trait was calculated as the product of the marginal economic value and the genetic standard deviation; the standardized economic weight expressed as a percentage of the sum of all standardized economic weights was called relative economic weight. When not accounting for subsidies, the highest relative economic weight was found for 305-d milk yield (34% in strategy A and 29% in strategy B), which was followed by protein percentage (13% in strategy A and 11% in strategy B). The third most important traits were calving interval (9%) and mature weight of cows (11%) in strategy A and B, respectively. The sums of the relative economic weights over categories for RFI were 6 and 7% in strategy A and B, respectively. Under production conditions in 2011, the relative economic weights for the studied feed efficiency traits were low. However, it is possible that the relative importance of feed efficiency traits in the breeding goal will increase in the future due to increasing requirements to mitigate the environmental impact of milk production.
- MeSH
- chov MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genetická variace MeSH
- krmivo pro zvířata ekonomika MeSH
- maso * ekonomika MeSH
- mlékárenství ekonomika MeSH
- mléko ekonomika metabolismus MeSH
- skot genetika růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- životní prostředí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- skot genetika růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Finsko MeSH
