"TE02000058"
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
Rapid diagnostics of fungal pneumonia and initiation of appropriate therapy are still challenging. In this study, we used two panfungal assays to test bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples to prove their ability to confirm invasive fungal disease diagnosis and identify causative agents. Two methods targeting different fungal rDNA regions were used, and the obtained PCR products were sequenced directly or after cloning. In total, 106 BALF samples from 104 patients were tested. After sequencing, we obtained 578 sequences. Four hundred thirty-seven sequences were excluded from further analysis due to duplication (n = 335) or similarity with sequences detected in the extraction control sample (n = 102); 141 unique sequences were analyzed. Altogether, 23/141 (16%) of the fungi detected belonged to pathogenic species, and 63/141 (45%) were identified as various yeasts; a variety of environmental or very rare fungal human pathogens represented 29/141 (21%) of the total and 26/141 (18%) were described as uncultured fungus. Panfungal PCR detected fungal species that would be missed by specific methods in only one case (probable cryptococcosis). Panfungal PCR followed by sequencing has limited use for testing BALF samples due to frequent commensal or environmental fungal species pickup.
- MeSH
- bronchoalveolární lavážní tekutina mikrobiologie MeSH
- diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
- DNA fungální genetika MeSH
- DNA primery genetika MeSH
- houby genetika izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- imunokompromitovaný pacient * MeSH
- intergenová DNA genetika MeSH
- invazivní mykotické infekce diagnóza MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cellular senescence is defined as irreversible cell cycle arrest caused by various processes that render viable cells non-functional, hampering normal tissue homeostasis. It has many endogenous and exogenous inducers, and is closely connected with age, age-related pathologies, DNA damage, degenerative disorders, tumor suppression and activation, wound healing, and tissue repair. However, the literature is replete with contradictory findings concerning its triggering mechanisms, specific biomarkers, and detection protocols. This may be partly due to the wide range of cellular and in vivo animal or human models of accelerated aging that have been used to study senescence and test senolytic drugs. This review summarizes recent findings concerning senescence, presents some widely used cellular and animal senescence models, and briefly describes the best-known senolytic agents.
- MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- kontrolní body buněčného cyklu MeSH
- poškození DNA MeSH
- stárnutí buněk * genetika MeSH
- stárnutí * genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Inherited ichthyoses belong to a large and heterogeneous group of mendelian disorders of cornification, and can be distinguished by the quality and distribution of scaling and hyperkeratosis, by other dermatologic and extracutaneous involvement, and by inheritance. We present the genetic analysis results of probands with X-linked ichthyosis, autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis, keratinopathic ichthyosis, and a patient with Netherton syndrome. Genetic diagnostics was complemented by in silico missense variant analysis based on 3D protein structures and commonly used prediction programs to compare the yields of these two approaches to each other. This analysis revealed various structural defects in proteins coded by mutated genes while no defects were associated with known polymorphisms. Two patients with pathogenic variants in the ABCA12 gene have a premature termination codon mutation on one allele and a silent variant on the second. The silent variants c.69G > A and c.4977G > A are localised in the last nucleotide of exon 1 and exon 32, respectively, and probably affect mRNA splicing. The phenotype of both patients is very severe, including a picture harlequin foetus after birth; later (at 3 and 6 years of age, respectively) ectropin, eclabion, generalised large polygonal scaling and erythema.
- MeSH
- ABC transportéry genetika MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika MeSH
- ichtyóza etiologie genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nesmyslný kodon genetika MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- dopisy MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Cytocentrifugation is a common technique for the capture of cells on microscopic slides. It usually requires a special cytocentrifuge or cytorotor and cassettes. In the study presented here, we tested the new concept of cytocentrifugation based on the threaded connection of the lid and the sample holder to ensure an adjustable flow of solutions through the filters and the collection of the filtered solutions in the reservoir during centrifugation. To test this concept, we developed a device for the preparation of cell samples on circular coverslips. The device was tested for the capture and sample processing of both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, cell nuclei, and mitochondria for microscopy analysis including image cytometry. Moreover, an efficient procedure was developed for capturing formaldehyde-fixed cells on non-treated coverslips without cell drying. The results showed that the tested arrangement enables the effective capture and processing of all of the tested samples and the developed device represents an inexpensive alternative to common cytocentrifuges, as only the paper filter is consumed during sample processing, and no special centrifuge, cytorotor, or cassette is necessary. As no additional system of solution removal is required during sample staining, the tested concept also facilitates the eventual automation of the staining procedure.
BACKGROUND: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a highly variable multisystem disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with incomplete penetration. The disorder is caused by mutations in the JAG1 gene, only rarely in the NOTCH2 gene, which gives rise to malformations in multiple organs. Bile duct paucity is the main characteristic feature of the disease. METHODS: Molecular-genetic examination of genes JAG1 and NOTCH2 in four probands of Czech origin who complied with the diagnostic criteria of ALGS was performed using targeted next-generation sequencing of genes JAG1 and NOTCH2. Segregation of variants in a family was assessed by Sanger sequencing of parental DNA. RESULTS: Mutations in the JAG1 gene were confirmed in all four probands. We identified two novel mutations: c.3189dupG and c.1913delG. Only in one case, the identified JAG1 mutation was de novo. None of the parents carrying JAG1 pathogenic mutation was diagnosed with ALGS. CONCLUSION: Diagnosis of the ALGS is complicated due to the absence of clear genotype-phenotype correlations and the extreme phenotypic variability in the patients even within the same family. This fact is of particular importance in connection to genetic counselling and prenatal genetic testing.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Synthesis of [15 N4 ] purine labeled cytokinine glycosides derived from zeatins and topolins containing a 9-β-d, 7-β-d-glucopyranosyl, or 9-β-d-ribofuranosyl group is described. These N6 -substituted adenine derivatives are intended as internal analytic standards for phytohormone analysis. All labeled compounds were prepared from 6-chloro[15 N4 ]purine (1). The equilibrium reaction of 1 with acetobromo-α-d-glucose gave isomeric 7-β-d (3) and 9-β-d (4) chloro glucosyl precursors, which were treated with the corresponding amines to get desired labeled cytokinin 7-β-d (6) and 9-β-d (5) glucopyranosides. Cytokinins containing 9-β-d-ribofuranosyl group (8) were obtained by direct enzymatic transglycosylation reaction of cytokinins (7) prepared from 6-chloro[15 N4 ] purine (1).
Chronická lymfocytární leukemie je nejčastější typ leukemie v západním světě postihující zejména starší dospělé osoby. Navzdory stále se zdokonalující léčbě zůstává z důvodu značné biologické i klinické variability nadále nevyléčitelným onemocněním. Patogeneze chronické lymfocytární leukemie není dodnes plně objasněna, nicméně velkou roli hrají antigenní stimulace, narušená apoptóza a vliv mikroprostředí. Mezi nejvýznamnější molekulární prognostické faktory s jasným klinickým dopadem patří mutační stav genů pro těžký řetězec imunoglobulinů (IGHV), cytogenetické aberace a mutace genů TP53 a ATM. Zavedení nových sekvenačních technologií umožnilo v posledních letech zpřesnění analýzy stávajících i detekci nových potenciálních prognostických markerů chronické lymfocytární leukemie. Významnými kandidáty jsou mutace genů SF3B1, NOTCH1 a BIRC3, jejichž klinický dopad je předmětem intenzivního výzkumu. V neposlední řadě jsou nadále studovány také další mechanizmy patogeneze chronické lymfocytární leukemie, mezi něž patří deregulace signalizace přes B buněčný receptor a regulace genové exprese pomocí microRNA. Přesná charakterizace molekulárních abnormalit je klíčová pro lepší rozdělení rizikových skupin pacientů s chronickou lymfocytární leukemií, kteří mohou profitovat z nových terapeutických přístupů.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is the most common leukemia in Western countries affecting particularly elderly adults. Despite the constantly improving therapy options, chronic lymphocytic leukemia is still an incurable disease owing to considerable clinical and biological heterogeneity. Pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia is not fully understood; however, aberrant antigenic stimulation, apoptosis deregulation and microenvironmental interactions play a crucial role in disease development. The most important molecular prognostic markers with clinical relevance include mutation status of heavy‑chain immunoglobulin genes (IGHV), presence of cytogenetic aberrations and TP53 and ATM gene mutations. Recent implementation of next generation sequencing technologies has enabled more accurate analysis of both well‑established and novel potential prognostic markers. The most relevant candidates are mutations in SF3B1, NOTCH1 and BIRC3 genes, which are now intensively studied with respect to their clinical importance. The other examined molecular mechanisms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia pathogenesis include deregulation of B‑cell receptor signalization and abnormal regulation of gene expression by microRNA. The precise characterization of molecular abnormalities improves the risk stratification of chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients, which could possibly benefit from new treatment approaches. Key words: chronic lymphocytic leukemia – biological markers – chromosome aberations – mutations – prognosis This work was supported by the grants IGA MH CZ NT13493-4/2012, NT13576-4/2012, NT13576, AZV MZ ČR No. 15-30015A-4/2015 a 15-31834A-4/2015 a TAČR TE02000058. The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study. The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE recommendation for biomedical papers. Submitted: 30. 7. 2015 Accepted: 4. 8. 2015
- Klíčová slova
- komplexní karyotyp,
- MeSH
- ATM protein genetika MeSH
- chromozomální aberace * MeSH
- chromozomální delece * MeSH
- chronická lymfatická leukemie * genetika MeSH
- geny p53 MeSH
- geny pro těžké řetězce imunoglobulinů MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 11 MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 12 MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 13 MeSH
- lidské chromozomy, pár 17 MeSH
- mikro RNA MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- nádorové biomarkery * genetika MeSH
- prognóza MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-bcr fyziologie MeSH
- trizomie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
