PURPOSE: MRI has become an essential diagnostic imaging modality for peripheral nerve pathology. Early MR imaging for peripheral nerve depended on inferred nerve involvement by visualizing downstream effects such as denervation muscular atrophy; improvements in MRI technology have made possible direct visualization of the nerves. In this paper, we share our early clinical experience with 7T for benign neurogenic tumors. MATERIALS: Patients with benign neurogenic tumors and 7T MRI examinations available were reviewed. Cases of individual benign peripheral nerve tumors were included to demonstrate 7T MRI imaging characteristics. All exams were performed on a 7T MRI MAGNETOM Terra using a 28-channel receive, single-channel transmit knee coil. RESULTS: Five cases of four pathologies were selected from 38 patients to depict characteristic imaging features in different benign nerve tumors and lesions using 7T MRI. CONCLUSION: The primary advantage of 7T over 3T is an increase in signal-to-noise ratio which allows higher in plane resolution so that the smallest neural structures can be seen and characterized. This improvement in MR imaging provides the opportunity for more accurate diagnosis and surgical planning in selected cases. As this technology continues to evolve for clinical purposes, we anticipate increasing applications and improved patient care using 7T MRI for the diagnosis of peripheral nerve masses.
PURPOSE: To determine the test-retest reproducibility of neurochemical concentrations obtained with a highly optimized, short-echo, single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy (MRS) pulse sequence at 3T and 7T using state-of-the-art hardware. METHODS: A semi-LASER sequence (echo time = 26-28 ms) was used to acquire spectra from the posterior cingulate and cerebellum at 3T and 7T from six healthy volunteers who were scanned four times weekly on both scanners. Spectra were quantified with LCModel. RESULTS: More neurochemicals were quantified with mean Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) ≤20% at 7T than at 3T despite comparable frequency-domain signal-to-noise ratio. Whereas CRLBs were lower at 7T (P < 0.05), between-session coefficients of variance (CVs) were comparable at the two fields with 64 transients. Five metabolites were quantified with between-session CVs ≤5% at both fields. Analysis of subspectra showed that a minimum achievable CV was reached with a lower number of transients at 7T for multiple metabolites and that between-session CVs were lower at 7T than at 3T with fewer than 64 transients. CONCLUSION: State-of-the-art MRS methodology allows excellent reproducibility for many metabolites with 5-min data averaging on clinical 3T hardware. Sensitivity and resolution advantages at 7T are important for weakly represented metabolites, short acquisitions, and small volumes of interest. Magn Reson Med 76:1083-1091, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
- MeSH
- algoritmy * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interpretace obrazu počítačem metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- molekulární zobrazování přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- mozek anatomie a histologie metabolismus MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- senzitivita a specificita MeSH
- tkáňová distribuce MeSH
- vylepšení obrazu metody MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Noninvasive and accurate biomarkers of neurologic Wilson disease (NWD), a rare inherited disorder, could reduce diagnostic error or delay. Excessive subcortical metal deposition seen on susceptibility imaging has suggested a characteristic pattern in NWD. With submillimeter spatial resolution and increased contrast, 7T susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) may enable better visualization of metal deposition in NWD. In this study, we sought to identify a distinctive metal deposition pattern in NWD using 7T SWI and investigate its diagnostic value and underlying pathophysiologic mechanism. METHODS: Patients with WD, healthy participants with monoallelic ATP7B variant(s) on a single chromosome, and health controls (HCs) were recruited. NWD and non-NWD (nNWD) were defined according to the presence or absence of neurologic symptoms during investigation. Patients with other diseases with comparable clinical or imaging manifestations, including early-onset Parkinson disease (EOPD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), were additionally recruited and assessed for exploratory comparative analysis. All participants underwent 7T T1, T2, and high-resolution SWI scanning. Quantitative susceptibility mapping and principal component analysis were performed to illustrate metal distribution. RESULTS: We identified a linear signal intensity change consisting of a hyperintense strip at the lateral border of the globus pallidus in patients with NWD. We termed this feature "hyperintense globus pallidus rim sign." This feature was detected in 38 of 41 patients with NWD and was negative in all 31 nNWD patients, 15 patients with EOPD, 30 patients with MSA, 15 patients with PSP, and 12 patients with NBIA; 22 monoallelic ATP7B variant carriers; and 41 HC. Its sensitivity to differentiate between NWD and HC was 92.7%, and specificity was 100%. Severity of the hyperintense globus pallidus rim sign measured by a semiquantitative scale was positively correlated with neurologic severity (ρ = 0.682, 95% CI 0.467-0.821, p < 0.001). Patients with NWD showed increased susceptibility in the lenticular nucleus with high regional weights in the lateral globus pallidus and medial putamen. DISCUSSION: The hyperintense globus pallidus rim sign showed high sensitivity and excellent specificity for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NWD. It is related to a special metal deposition pattern in the lenticular nucleus in NWD and can be considered as a novel neuroimaging biomarker of NWD. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: The study provides Class II evidence that the hyperintense globus pallidus rim sign on 7T SWI MRI can accurately diagnose neurologic WD.
- MeSH
- ATPasy transportující měď metabolismus genetika MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- globus pallidus diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- hepatolentikulární degenerace * diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie * metody MeSH
- měď metabolismus MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
PURPOSE: To understand how macromolecular content varies in the human brain with age in a large cohort of healthy subjects. METHODS: In-vivo 1H-MR spectra were acquired using ultra-short TE STEAM at 7T in the posterior cingulate cortex. Macromolecular content was studied in 147 datasets from a cohort ranging in age from 19 to 89 y. Three fitting approaches were used to evaluate the macromolecular content: (1) a macromolecular resonances model developed for this study; (2) LCModel-simulated macromolecules; and (3) a combination of measured and LCModel-simulated macromolecules. The effect of age on the macromolecular content was investigated by considering age both as a continuous variable (i.e., linear regressions) and as a categorical variable (i.e., multiple comparisons among sub-groups obtained by stratifying data according to age by decade). RESULTS: While weak age-related effects were observed for macromolecular peaks at ̃0.9 (MM09), ̃1.2 (MM12), and ̃1.4 (MM14) ppm, moderate to strong effects were observed for peaks at ̃1.7 (MM17), and ̃2.0 (MM20) ppm. Significantly higher MM17 and MM20 content started from 30 to 40 y of age, while for MM09, MM12, and MM14, significantly higher content started from 60 to 70 y of age. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide insights into age-related differences in macromolecular contents and strengthen the necessity of using age-matched measured macromolecules during quantification.
- MeSH
- cingulární gyrus diagnostické zobrazování chemie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie metody MeSH
- makromolekulární látky * chemie MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mozek diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stárnutí * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Characterization of iron deposition associated with demyelinating lesions of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica has not been well studied. Our aim was to investigate the potential of ultra-high-field MR imaging to distinguish MS from neuromyelitis optica and to characterize tissue injury associated with iron pathology within lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one patients with MS and 21 patients with neuromyelitis optica underwent 7T high-resolution 2D-gradient-echo-T2* and 3D-susceptibility-weighted imaging. An in-house-developed algorithm was used to reconstruct quantitative susceptibility mapping from SWI. Lesions were classified as "iron-laden" if they demonstrated hypointensity on gradient-echo-T2*-weighted images and/or SWI and hyperintensity on quantitative susceptibility mapping. Lesions were considered "non-iron-laden" if they were hyperintense on gradient-echo-T2* and isointense or hyperintense on quantitative susceptibility mapping. RESULTS: Of 21 patients with MS, 19 (90.5%) demonstrated at least 1 quantitative susceptibility mapping-hyperintense lesion, and 11/21 (52.4%) had iron-laden lesions. No quantitative susceptibility mapping-hyperintense or iron-laden lesions were observed in any patients with neuromyelitis optica. Iron-laden and non-iron-laden lesions could each be further characterized into 2 distinct patterns based on lesion signal and morphology on gradient-echo-T2*/SWI and quantitative susceptibility mapping. In MS, most lesions (n = 262, 75.9% of all lesions) were hyperintense on gradient-echo T2* and isointense on quantitative susceptibility mapping (pattern A), while a small minority (n = 26, 7.5% of all lesions) were hyperintense on both gradient-echo-T2* and quantitative susceptibility mapping (pattern B). Iron-laden lesions (n = 57, 16.5% of all lesions) were further classified as nodular (n = 22, 6.4%, pattern C) or ringlike (n = 35, 10.1%, pattern D). CONCLUSIONS: Ultra-high-field MR imaging may be useful in distinguishing MS from neuromyelitis optica. Different patterns related to iron and noniron pathology may provide in vivo insight into the pathophysiology of lesions in MS.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- elektromagnetická pole MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
- mapování mozku MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- neuromyelitis optica diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- počítačové zpracování obrazu MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza diagnostické zobrazování metabolismus MeSH
- železo metabolismus MeSH
- zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To characterize paramagnetic MRI phase signal abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) vs multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions in a cross-sectional study. METHODS: Ten patients with NMOSD and 10 patients with relapsing-remitting MS underwent 7-tesla brain MRI including supratentorial T2*-weighted imaging and supratentorial susceptibility weighted imaging. Next, we analyzed intra- and perilesional paramagnetic phase changes on susceptibility weighted imaging filtered magnetic resonance phase images. RESULTS: We frequently observed paramagnetic rim-like (75 of 232 lesions, 32%) or nodular (32 of 232 lesions, 14%) phase changes in MS lesions, but only rarely in NMOSD lesions (rim-like phase changes: 2 of 112 lesions, 2%, p < 0.001; nodular phase changes: 2 of 112 lesions, 2%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Rim-like or nodular paramagnetic MRI phase changes are characteristic for MS lesions and not frequently detectable in NMOSD. Future prospective studies should ask whether these imaging findings can be used as a biomarker to distinguish between NMOSD- and MS-related brain lesions.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
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1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (1112 stran)
Doplněné a aktualizované vydání domácího odborného bestselleru. Zpracováno je 232 chorobných znaků, příznaků a laboratorních ukazatelů ve 190 kapitolách, celý text byl aktualizován. Nechybí epilog s eponymy užitými v knize. Určeno lékařům všech odborností, medikům, ale i zdravotním sestrám.; Publikace navazuje na předchozí úspěšné knihy Chorobné znaky a příznaky 1 a 2. Původní texty jsou přepracované, kniha nyní obsahuje a popisuje celkem 218 vybraných znaků, příznaků a některých důležitých laboratorních ukazatelů.Hesla jsou abecedně řazena, každé heslo má následující strukturu: definice, klasifikace, patofyziologie, výskyt, klinika, diagnóza, diferenciální diagnóza, léčba a základní použitá léčba. Významnou částí knihy je i epilog, v němž autoři v přehledné formě shrnují mimořádně zajímavé informace o eponymech z celé publikace.
- Klíčová slova
- Diferenciální diagnostika, symptomy,
- MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- terapie MeSH
- NLK Obory
- diagnostika
... Veda a filozofie v / 77 1, zapovězených kultur -- T 7T T 7/ 11 1 1 / 1 -- VI. ...
1. elektronické vydání 1 online zdroj (244 stran)
V Hledání smyslu se autoři vracejí k tomu, co je provázelo po celé roky práce na dříve vydaných knihách společných rozhovorů: zda se ke všem těm právním, historickým a etickým tématům váže ještě cosi obecnějšího, hledání samotného smyslu existence člověka i společnosti. Hledání smyslu znamená schopnost určit rozdíl mezi tím, co nás přesahuje a zůstává nám nepřístupné, tedy transcendencí, a tím, jak si tento přesah převádíme do imanentního světa naší kultury, umění nebo společenských pravidel. A protože právě o tom s gustem a zalíbením oba autoři diskutují, zůstává jejich kniha, navzdory svým velkým ambicím, především čtenářsky atraktivní.; V Hledání smyslu se autoři vracejí k tomu, co je provázelo po celé roky práce na dříve vydaných knihách společných rozhovorů: zda se ke všem těm právním, historickým a etickým tématům váže ještě cosi obecnějšího, hledání samotného smyslu existence člověka i společnosti.