... SCORE 157 -- 1 Informace o pacientovi a důvod vyšetření 158 -- 2 Podmínky záznamu 158 -- 3 Modulátory ...
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Atlas, který se zaměřuje na elektroencefalografii dospělých. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; Atlas elektroencefalografie přináší shrnutí indikací a nejčastějších nálezů vyšetření, zabývá se popisem grafů a nejčastějšími chybami.
- Conspectus
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NML Fields
- neurologie
- radiologie, nukleární medicína a zobrazovací metody
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Ductus Arteriosus, Patent * diagnostic imaging epidemiology pathology therapy MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Ethics, Medical MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Premature, Diseases * pathology MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Premature Birth epidemiology MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Fetal Viability * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Thorax abnormalities diagnostic imaging MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Premature, Diseases * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Infant, Premature MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Premature Birth etiology MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Intubation, Intratracheal methods instrumentation MeSH
- Contraindications, Procedure MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Heart Massage methods MeSH
- Infant, Premature MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Postnatal Care * methods MeSH
- Resuscitation * classification methods MeSH
- Life Support Care classification MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Oxygen Saturation MeSH
- Respiration, Artificial methods instrumentation MeSH
- Body Temperature Changes MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
- MeSH
- Diagnosis, Differential MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Meconium Aspiration Syndrome * diagnostic imaging etiology therapy MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Infant, Newborn MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
PURPOSE: To understand prognostic immune cell infiltration signatures in neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs), particularly pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PCPG), we analyzed tumor transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and other published tumor transcriptomic data of NENs. METHODS: We used CIBERSORT to infer immune cell infiltrations from bulk tumor transcriptomic data from PCPGs, in comparison to gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GEPNETs) and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs). PCPG immune signature was validated with NanoString immune panel in an independent cohort. Unsupervised clustering of the immune infiltration scores from CIBERSORT was used to find immune clusters. A prognostic immune score model for PCPGs and the other NENs were calculated as a linear combination of the estimated infiltration of activated CD8+/CD4+ T cells, activated NK cells, and M0 and M2 macrophages. RESULTS: In PCPGs, we found five dominant immune clusters, associated with M2 macrophages, monocytes, activated NK cells, M0 macrophages and regulatory T cells, and CD8+/CD4+ T cells respectively. Non-metastatic tumors were associated with activated NK cells and metastatic tumors were associated with M0 macrophages and regulatory T cells. In GEPNETs and SCLCs, M0 macrophages and regulatory T cells were associated with unfavorable outcomes and features, such as metastasis and high-grade tumors. The prognostic immune score model for PCPGs and the NENs could predict non-aggressive and non-metastatic diseases. In PCPGs, the immune score was also an independent predictor of metastasis-free survival in a multivariate Cox regression analysis. CONCLUSION: The transcriptomic immune signature in PCPG correlates with clinical features like metastasis and prognosis.
- MeSH
- Pheochromocytoma * genetics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Biomarkers, Tumor MeSH
- Adrenal Gland Neoplasms * genetics MeSH
- Neuroendocrine Tumors * genetics MeSH
- Paraganglioma * genetics MeSH
- Prognosis MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a progressive form of kidney disease defined by glomerular deposition of IgA. Here we performed a genome-wide association study of 10,146 kidney-biopsy-diagnosed IgAN cases and 28,751 controls across 17 international cohorts. We defined 30 genome-wide significant risk loci explaining 11% of disease risk. A total of 16 loci were new, including TNFSF4/TNFSF18, REL, CD28, PF4V1, LY86, LYN, ANXA3, TNFSF8/TNFSF15, REEP3, ZMIZ1, OVOL1/RELA, ETS1, IGH, IRF8, TNFRSF13B and FCAR. The risk loci were enriched in gene orthologs causing abnormal IgA levels when genetically manipulated in mice. We also observed a positive genetic correlation between IgAN and serum IgA levels. High polygenic score for IgAN was associated with earlier onset of kidney failure. In a comprehensive functional annotation analysis of candidate causal genes, we observed convergence of biological candidates on a common set of inflammatory signaling pathways and cytokine ligand-receptor pairs, prioritizing potential new drug targets.
- MeSH
- Genome-Wide Association Study MeSH
- Glomerulonephritis, IGA * drug therapy genetics diagnosis MeSH
- Immunoglobulin A genetics MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
OBJECTIVE: Pathology in multiple sclerosis is not homogenously distributed. Recently, it has been shown that structures adjacent to CSF are more severely affected. A gradient of brain tissue involvement was shown with more severe pathology in periventricular areas and in proximity to brain surfaces such as the subarachnoid spaces and ependyma, and hence termed the "surface-in" gradient. Here, we study whether (i) the surface-in gradient of periventricular tissue alteration measured by T1 relaxometry is already present in early multiple sclerosis patients, (ii) how it differs between early and progressive multiple sclerosis patients, and (iii) whether the gradient-derived metrics in normal-appearing white matter and lesions correlate better with physical disability than conventional MRI-based metrics. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with early multiple sclerosis, 52 with progressive multiple sclerosis, and 92 healthy controls were included in the study. Isotropic 3D T1 relaxometry maps were obtained using the Magnetization-Prepared 2 Rapid Acquisition Gradient Echoes sequence at 3 T. After spatially normalizing the T1 maps into a study-specific common space, T1 inter-subject variability within the healthy cohort was modelled voxel-wise, yielding a normative T1 atlas. Individual comparisons of each multiple sclerosis patient against the atlas were performed by computing z-scores. Equidistant bands of voxels were defined around the ventricles in the supratentorial white matter; the z-scores in these bands were analysed and compared between the early and progressive multiple sclerosis cohorts. Correlations between both conventional and z-score-gradient-derived MRI metrics and the Expanded Disability Status Scale were assessed. RESULTS: Patients with early and progressive multiple sclerosis demonstrated a periventricular gradient of T1 relaxation time z-scores. In progressive multiple sclerosis, z-score-derived metrics reflecting the gradient of tissue abnormality in normal-appearing white matter were more strongly correlated with disability (maximal rho = 0.374) than the conventional lesion volume and count (maximal rho = 0.189 and 0.21 respectively). In early multiple sclerosis, the gradient of normal-appearing white matter volume with z-scores > 2 at baseline correlated with clinical disability assessed at two years follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the surface-in white matter gradient of tissue alteration is detectable with T1 relaxometry and is already present at clinical disease onset. The periventricular gradients correlate with clinical disability. The periventricular gradient in normal-appearing white matter may thus qualify as a promising biomarker for monitoring of disease activity from an early stage in all phenotypes of multiple sclerosis.
- MeSH
- White Matter * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive pathology MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods MeSH
- Brain diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Multiple Sclerosis * diagnostic imaging pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
