Here, we aimed our attention at the synthesis of carbon dots (C-dots) with the ability to interact with DNA to suggest an approach for the detection of DNA damage. Primarily, C-dots modified with amine moieties were synthesized using the one-step microwave pyrolysis of citric acid in the presence of diethylenetriamine. The C-dots showed strong photoluminescence with a quantum yield of 4%. In addition, the C-dots (2.8±0.8nm) possessed a good colloidal stability and exhibited a positive surface charge (ζ=36mV) at a neutral pH. An interaction study of the C-dots and the DNA fragment of λ bacteriophage was performed, and the DNA binding resulted in changes to the photoluminescent and absorption properties of the C-dots. A binding of the C-dots to DNA was also observed as a change to DNA electrophoretic mobility and a decreased ability to intercalate ethidium bromide (EtBr). Moreover, the Förster (or fluorescence) resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the C-dots and EtBr was studied, in which the C-dots serve as an excitation energy donor and the EtBr serves as an acceptor. When DNA was damaged using ultraviolet (UV) radiation (λ=254nm) and hydroxyl radicals, the intensity of the emitted photoluminescence at 612nm significantly decreased. The concept was proved on analysis of the genomic DNA from PC-3 cells and DNA isolated from melanoma tissues.
- MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques methods MeSH
- DNA analysis genetics MeSH
- Quantum Dots chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Luminescent Agents chemistry MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
- DNA Damage * radiation effects MeSH
- Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer methods MeSH
- Carbon chemistry MeSH
- Ultraviolet Rays MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
This study describes the preparation, and evaluates the biocompatibility, of hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (fCNTs) functionalized with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) creating hybrid nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were used for preparing a composite porous poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for potential utilization in regenerative medicine. Hybrid fCNT/ION nanoparticles were prepared in two mass ratios - 1:1 (H1) and 1:4 (H4). PCL scaffolds were prepared with various concentrations of the nanoparticles with fixed mass either of the whole nanoparticle hybrid or only of the fCNTs. The hybrid particles were evaluated in terms of morphology, composition and magnetic properties. The cytotoxicity of the hybrid nanoparticles and the pure fCNTs was assessed by exposing the SAOS-2 human cell line to colloids with a concentration range from 0.01 to 1 mg/ml. The results indicate a gradual increase in the cytotoxicity effect with increasing concentration. At low concentrations, interestingly, SAOS-2 metabolic activity was stimulated by the presence of IONs. The PCL scaffolds were characterized in terms of the scaffold architecture, the dispersion of the nanoparticles within the polymer matrix, and subsequently in terms of their thermal, mechanical and magnetic properties. A higher ION content was associated with the presence of larger agglomerates of particles. With exception of the scaffold with the highest content of the H4 nanoparticle hybrid, all composites were superparamagnetic. In vitro tests indicate that both components of the hybrid nanoparticles may have a positive impact on the behavior of SAOS-2 cells cultivated on the PCL composite scaffolds. The presence of fCNTs up to 1 wt% improved the cell attachment to the scaffolds, and a content of IONs below 1 wt% increased the cell metabolic activity.
- MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Magnetic Phenomena MeSH
- Stress, Mechanical MeSH
- Cell Line, Tumor MeSH
- Nanoparticles chemistry ultrastructure MeSH
- Nanotubes, Carbon chemistry ultrastructure MeSH
- Polyesters chemistry MeSH
- Bone Regeneration physiology MeSH
- Tissue Scaffolds chemistry MeSH
- Particle Size MeSH
- Ferric Compounds chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Nowadays, emerging radiolabeled nanosystems are revolutionizing medicine in terms of diagnostics, treatment, and theranostics. These radionuclides include polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), liposomal carriers, dendrimers, magnetic iron oxide NPs, silica NPs, carbon nanotubes, and inorganic metal-based nanoformulations. Between these nano-platforms, polymeric NPs have gained attention in the biomedical field due to their excellent properties, such as their surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to absorb and carry other molecules. In addition, NPs are capable of carrying high payloads of radionuclides which can be used for diagnostic, treatment, and theranostics depending on the radioactive material linked. The radiolabeling process of nanoparticles can be performed by direct or indirect labeling process. In both cases, the most appropriate must be selected in order to keep the targeting properties as preserved as possible. In addition, radionuclide therapy has the advantage of delivering a highly concentrated absorbed dose to the targeted tissue while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Said another way, radioactive polymeric NPs represent a promising prospect in the treatment and diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac ischemia, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and other type of cancer cells or tumors.
- MeSH
- Drug Delivery Systems methods MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Neoplasms drug therapy MeSH
- Nanoparticles chemistry MeSH
- Drug Carriers chemistry MeSH
- Polymers chemistry MeSH
- Radioisotopes administration & dosage chemistry MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
Synthetic food colorants are extensively used across the globe regardless of the fact that they induce deleterious side effects when used in higher amounts. In this work, a novel electrochemical sensor based on nickel nanoparticles doped lettuce-like Co3O4 anchored graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets was developed for effective detection of sulfonated azo dye sunset yellow widely used as a food colorant. Hydrothermal synthesis was adopted for the preparation of lettuce-like spinel Co3O4 nanoparticles and Ni-Co3O4 NPs/GO nanocomposite was prepared using ecofriendly and economical sonochemical method. The prepared ternary nanocomposite meticulously fabricated on a screen-printed carbon electrode exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity towards sunset yellow determination. This is apparent from the resultant well-defined and intense redox peak currents of Ni-Co3O4 NPs/GO nanocomposite modified electrode at very low potentials. The developed sunset yellow sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 4.16 μA μM-1 cm-2 and a nanomolar detection limit of 0.9 nM in the linear range 0.125-108.5 μM. Furthermore, experiments were conducted to affirm excellent stability, reproducibility, repeatability, and selectivity of proposed sensor. The practicality of sunset yellow determination using the developed sensor was analyzed in different varieties of food samples including jelly, soft drink, ice cream, and candy resulting in recovery in the range of 96.16%-102.56%.
- MeSH
- Azo Compounds analysis MeSH
- Electrochemical Techniques methods MeSH
- Graphite MeSH
- Cobalt chemistry MeSH
- Metal Nanoparticles chemistry MeSH
- Limit of Detection MeSH
- Linear Models MeSH
- Nanocomposites chemistry MeSH
- Nickel chemistry MeSH
- Aluminum Oxide chemistry MeSH
- Magnesium Oxide chemistry MeSH
- Oxides chemistry MeSH
- Food Coloring Agents analysis MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of a novel electrochemical label for sensitive electrochemical stripping metalloimmunoassays based on silver dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (NPs). Silver dendrimer nanocomposites (Ag-DNCs) were synthesized from a generation 5-7 (G5-7) hydroxyl-terminated ethylenediamine-core-type (2-carbon core) PAMAM dendrimer. Several fixed ratios of Ag(+)/dendrimer were prepared with the aim to obtain stable nanocomposites with maximal silver loading in the interior of a polymeric shell. Synthesized Ag-DNCs were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The G7 Ag-DNC synthesized in 2000 molar excess of silver (1/4 ratio of tertiary amine/Ag(+)) turned out a more suitable candidate for the label development. By combination of the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and the anodic stripping analysis (ASV) on a carbon electrode, down to 1.35 x 10(+10) of individual Ag-DNCs (LOD=0.9 pM, 25 ml volume) was detected after the dissolution of silver nanoparticles in a diluted nitric acid. The potential advantages of proposed electrochemical label are discussed.
- MeSH
- Equipment Failure Analysis MeSH
- Staining and Labeling methods MeSH
- Coated Materials, Biocompatible chemistry MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques instrumentation MeSH
- Dendrimers chemistry MeSH
- Equipment Design MeSH
- Electrochemistry instrumentation MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Immunoassay instrumentation MeSH
- Nanoparticles chemistry ultrastructure MeSH
- Nanotechnology methods instrumentation MeSH
- Reproducibility of Results MeSH
- Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
- Silver chemistry MeSH
Non-spherical metal-based and carbon-based nanostructures have found applications in every facet of scientific endeavors, including engineering and biomedical fields. These nanostructures attract attention because of their biocompatibility and negligible cytotoxicity. Chemical and physical methods have been used for synthesizing earlier generations of metal-based and carbon-based nanostructures with variable architectures, including nanorods, nanowires, nanodots and nanosheets. However, these synthesis strategies utilize organic passivators which are toxic to the environment and the human body. Biogenic synthesis of nanoparticles is becoming increasing popular because of the necessity to develop eco-friendly and non-toxic strategies. Nanoparticles synthesized by natural compounds have immense potential in the biomedical arena. The present review focuses on plant-mediated synthesis of metal-based and carbon-based non-spherical nanoarchitectures and the role of green synthesis in improving their activities for biomedical applications.
- MeSH
- Biocompatible Materials chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Metals chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nanostructures chemistry MeSH
- Nanotechnology methods MeSH
- Carbon chemistry MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
In the field of science, technology and medicine, carbon-based nanomaterials and nanoparticles (CNMs) are becoming attractive nanomaterials that are increasingly used. However, it is important to acknowledge the risk of nanotoxicity that comes with the widespread use of CNMs. CNMs can enter the body via inhalation, ingestion, intravenously or by any other route, spread through the bloodstream and penetrate tissues where (in both compartments) they interact with components of the immune system. Like invading pathogens, CNMs can be recognized by large numbers of receptors that are present on the surface of innate immune cells, notably monocytes and macrophages. Depending on the physicochemical properties of CNMs, i.e., shape, size, or adsorbed contamination, phagocytes try to engulf and process CNMs, which might induce pro/anti-inflammatory response or lead to modulation and disruption of basic immune activity. This review focuses on existing data on the immunotoxic potential of CNMs, particularly in professional phagocytes, as they play a central role in processing and eliminating foreign particles. The results of immunotoxic studies are also described in the context of the entry routes, impacts of contamination and means of possible elimination. Mechanisms of proinflammatory effect depending on endocytosis and intracellular distribution of CNMs are highlighted as well.
- MeSH
- Macrophages MeSH
- Nanostructures * chemistry toxicity MeSH
- Carbon * chemistry MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
We report on the synthesis of unique nanocomposites based on graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized single-wall carbon nanotubes (O-SWCNTs) combined with UiO-66-NH2 and UiO-66-COOH metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) decorated onto Co0·5Ni0·5FeCrO4 spinel magnetic nanoparticles (SMNPs). Novel SMNPs of Co0·5Ni0·5FeCrO4, synthesized for the first time by the sol-gel method, exhibited exceptional thermal stability up to 985 °C. To modify the physicochemical properties of the SMNPs and MOFs, hydrophilic Zr-based MOFs were directly decorated onto the SMNP (MOF-d-SMNP) which led to improved dispersion properties and enhanced the catalytic activity of the SMNP by providing additional functional groups and active catalytic sites, along with surface area expansion. The synthesis and decoration were achieved by a hydrothermal process forming covalent bonding of MOFs onto the SMNPs, using O-SWCNTs and GO monolayers as platforms. Such an approach proved to be more effective than direct mixing of nanoparticles with the platforms, as it reduced the aggregation of nanoparticles and improved the dispersion forces of the MOF-d-SMNP. The MOF-d-SMNP/GO and MOF-d-SMNP/O-SWCNT nanocomposite properties were characterized by XRD, SEM-EDS, HRTEM, FTIR, TGA, gravimetric gas sorption and BET techniques. Performed experiments revealed exceptional adsorption capacity and catalytic activity (the reduction of the toxic pollutant 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol). We demonstrated that novel nanocomposite materials MOF-d-SMNP/GO and MOF-d-SMNP/O-SWCNT showed potential for water treatment and gas sorption applications. Exhibited properties make these materials promising candidates for use in applications requiring, for example, catalytic activity at elevated temperatures.
Inhabitation of various types of bacteria on different surfaces causes vital health problems worldwide. In this work, a wound dressing defeating bacterial infection had been fabricated. The antibacterial effect of polycaprolactone and hydrophobic carbon quantum dots (hCQDs) based nanocomposite has been presented. The nanocomposite was fabricated both via solvent casting and electrospinning method. Nanocomposites with and without hCQDs had been investigated. A detailed study on their morphology and surface properties were performed by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Prepared nanocomposites had been evaluated by the contact angle, UV-Vis spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and antibacterial activity. It was found that nanocomposites were able to produce singlet oxygen upon blue light irradiation at 470 nm, and they were effective in the eradication of Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes) and Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria.
A novel enzyme-free electrochemical immunosensor was developed for highly sensitive detection and quantification of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) in human serum. For the first time, core/shell CdSe/ZnS quantum dots were conjugated with anti-HE4 IgG antibodies for subsequent sandwich-type immunosensing with superparamagnetic microparticles functionalized with anti-HE4 IgG antibodies, which allow rapid and efficient HE4 capture from the sample. Electrochemical detection of anti-HE4 IgG - HE4 - anti-HE4 IgGCdSe/ZnS immunocomplex was performed by recording the current response of Cd(II) ions, released from dissolved quantum dots at screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), modified with mercury or bismuth film. The linear range of the detection was from 20 pM to 40 nM with limit of detection of 12 pM using three times the standard deviation of blank criterion at mercury-film SPCE and from 100 pM to 2 nM with limit of detection of 89 pM at bismuth-film SPCE. Proposed electrochemical immunosensor meets the requirements for fast and sensitive quantification of HE4 biomarker in early stage of ovarian cancer and due to the proper sensitivity and specificity presents a promising alternative to enzyme-based probes used routinely in clinical diagnostics.
- MeSH
- Biosensing Techniques * MeSH
- Bismuth chemistry MeSH
- Early Detection of Cancer MeSH
- Electrochemical Techniques * MeSH
- Electrodes MeSH
- Gene Expression MeSH
- Immunoassay * MeSH
- Immunoconjugates chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Quantum Dots chemistry MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Biomarkers, Tumor blood genetics MeSH
- Ovarian Neoplasms blood diagnosis genetics pathology MeSH
- Proteins analysis genetics metabolism MeSH
- Antibodies chemistry metabolism MeSH
- Mercury chemistry MeSH
- Cadmium Compounds chemistry MeSH
- Selenium Compounds chemistry MeSH
- Zinc Compounds chemistry MeSH
- Carbon chemistry MeSH
- Protein Binding MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
