Polyphenolic compounds play an essential role in plant growth, reproduction, and defense mechanisms against pathogens and environmental stresses. Extracting these compounds is the initial step in assessing phytochemical changes, where the choice of extraction method significantly influences the extracted analytes. However, due to environmental factors, analyzing numerous samples is necessary for statistically significant results, often leading to the use of harmful organic solvents for extraction. Therefore, in this study, a novel DES-based shaking-assisted extraction procedure for the separation of polyphenolic compounds from plant samples followed by LC-ESI-QTOF-MS analysis was developed. The DES was prepared from choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and fructose (Fru) as the hydrogen bond donor (HBD) at various molar ratios with the addition of 30% water to reduce viscosity. Several experimental variables affecting extraction efficiency were studied and optimized using one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) and confirmed by response surface design (RS). Nearly the same experimental conditions were obtained using both optimization methods and were set as follows: 30 mg of sample, 300 mg of ChCl:Fru 1:2 DES containing 30% w/w of water, 500 rpm shaking speed, 30 min extraction time, 10°C extraction temperature. The results were compared with those obtained using conventional solvents, such as ethanol, methanol and water, whereby the DES-based shaking-assisted extraction method showed a higher efficiency than the classical procedures. The greenness of the developed method was compared with the greenness of existing procedures for the extraction of polyphenolic substances from solid plant samples using the complementary green analytical procedure index (ComplexGAPI) approach, while the results for the developed method were better or comparable to the existing ones. In addition, the practicability of the developed procedure was evaluated by application of the blue applicability grade index (BAGI) metric. The developed procedure was applied to the determination of spruce root samples with satisfactory results and has the potential for use in the analysis of similar plant samples.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study introduces a silica-based monolith in a capillary format (0.1 mm × 100 mm) as a support for immobilization of liposomes and its characterization in immobilized liposome chromatography. Silica-based monolithic capillary columns prepared by acidic hydrolysis of tetramethoxysilane in the presence of polyethylene glycol and urea were modified by (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane, whereby amino groups were introduced to the monolithic surface. These groups undergo reaction with glutaraldehyde to form an iminoaldehyde, allowing covalent binding of pre-formed liposomes containing primary amino groups. Two types of phospholipid vesicles were used for column modification; these were 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidyl choline with and without 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-L-serine. The prepared columns were evaluated under isocratic separation conditions employing 20mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 as a mobile phase and a set of unrelated drugs as model analytes. The liposome layer on the synthesized columns significantly changed the column selectivity compared to the aminopropylsilylated monolithic stationary phase. Monolithic columns modified by liposomes were stable under the separation conditions, which proved the applicability of the suggested preparation procedure for the synthesis of capillary columns dedicated to study analyte-liposome interactions. The column efficiency originating from the silica monolith was preserved and reached, e.g., more than 120,000 theoretical plates/m for caffeine as a solute.

• MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• léčivé přípravky chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• liposomy chemie   MeSH
• oxid křemičitý chemie   MeSH
• sloučeniny síry chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

We found a statistically significant increase in the N-acetylaspartate/choline-containing compounds (NAA/Cho) ratio in a group of 69 phenylketonuria (PKU) patients with a rise in echo time (TE) compared with a group of 35 age-matched controls. The absolute concentration of creatine did not differ significantly between patients and controls, but a significant difference was found for choline-containing compounds (1.33 mM in patients vs. 1.53 mM in controls, p < 0.0209). The change in NAA/Cho (for TE = 270 ms: 2.52 in patients vs. 1.96 in controls, p270 < 0.0001) can be explained by a significant difference in T2 values of choline compounds between patients and controls. This result shows that the difference in the ratios of signal intensities often used for the description of different pathologies can be explained not only by changes in the absolute metabolite concentration but also by changes in the mobility reflected by relaxation times.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• cholin * metabolismus   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fenylketonurie * diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• kreatin metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina asparagová analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * metody   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• protony MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aim of this work was to verify the impact of feed supplemented with selected inorganic and organic zinc compounds on the total cholesterol concentrations and other blood plasma indices in breeding cocks. A total of 250 RIR 05 breeding cocks, 9 weeks old, were used. The cocks were divided into 5 groups of 50 animals each (four experimental groups and one control group). Cocks were fed a commercial feed mixture specifically for breeding cocks, containing 30.4 mg·kg-1 of zinc. The feed for experimental groups of cocks was fortified to 100 mg Zn·kg-1: zinc sulphate in first group, zinc oxide in second group, fodder yeast (Minvital Zn) in third group and Bioplex Zn in fourth group. Blood samples for biochemical examination were taken from the basilic vein. The contents of total cholesterol (Chol), total proteins (TP), glucose (Glu), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in blood plasma were spectrophotometrically measured using a biochemical analyser, Cobas EMira, and commercial kits (Biovendor a.s., Czech Republic). In the 15th week of age, third and fourth groups showed a significant (P ≤ 0.05) and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) decrease of total cholesterol in blood plasma compared to the control. In the 20th and 25th week of age, all of the experimental groups showed a significantand highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) decrease of total cholesterol in blood plasma compared to the control. Other monitored indices (total proteins, glucoses, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium) did not reveal any significant changes between the experimental and the control groups. The presented work provides the first available experimental evidence regarding the impact of zinc supplementation on the cholesterol levels in blood plasma of breeding cocks.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• cholesterol * krev   MeSH
• krmivo pro zvířata MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• potravní doplňky klasifikace   MeSH
• sloučeniny zinku * farmakologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• biochemické jevy etika   účinky léků   účinky záření   MeSH
• chemie MeSH
• potraviny MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Průmysl nápojů. Kvasný průmysl. Průmysl pochutin
• NLK Obory
• biochemie
• zemědělství a potravinářství

• Klíčová slova
• Chromatografie,
• MeSH
• papírová chromatografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• NLK Obory
• biochemie

OBJECTIVE: Many patients with long COVID experience neurological and psychological symptoms. Signal abnormalities on MR images in the corpus callosum have been reported. Knowledge about the metabolic profile in the splenium of the corpus callosum (CCS) may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of long COVID. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty-one subjects underwent proton MR spectroscopy examination. The metabolic concentrations of total N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho), total creatine (Cr), myo-inositol (mI), and NAA/Cho in the CCS were statistically compared in the group of patients containing 58 subjects with positive IgG COVID-19 antibodies or positive SARS-CoV-2 qPCR test at least two months before the MR and the group of healthy controls containing 23 subjects with negative IgG antibodies. RESULTS: An age-dependent effect of SARS-CoV-2 on Cho concentrations in the CCS has been observed. Considering the subjective threshold of age = 40 years, older patients showed significantly increased Cho concentrations in the CCS than older healthy controls (p = 0.02). NAA, Cr, and mI were unchanged. All metabolite concentrations in the CCS of younger post-COVID-19 patients remained unaffected by SARS-CoV-2. Cho did not show any difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients (p = 0.91). DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 disproportionately increases Cho concentration in the CCS among older post-COVID-19 patients compared to younger ones. The observed changes in Cho may be related to the microstructural reorganization in the CCS also reported in diffusion measurements rather than increased membrane turnover. These changes do not seem to be related to neuropsychological problems of the post-COVID-19 patients. Further metabolic studies are recommended to confirm these observations.

• MeSH
• cholin * metabolismus   MeSH
• corpus callosum * diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• COVID-19 * diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inositol metabolismus   MeSH
• kreatin * metabolismus   MeSH
• kyselina asparagová * analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * metody   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Loss of consciousness (LOC) is used as a diagnostic feature of mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI). However, only 10% of concussions result in LOC. There are only a limited number of in-vivo studies dealing with unconsciousness and structural and functional integrity of the brainstem in patients with MTBI. The aim of our pilot study was to assess the sensitivity of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to detect metabolic changes in the brainstem in patients after MTBI with unconscioussness. METHODS: Twenty-four patients (12 with LOC, and 12 without LOC) within 3 days of MTBI and 19 healthy controls were examined. All subjects underwent single-voxel 1H-MRS examination of the upper brainstem. Spectra were evaluated using LCModel software. Ratios of total N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), total choline-containing compounds (tCho) and glutamate plus glutamine (Glx) to total creatine (tCre) were used for calculations. RESULTS: We found a significant decrease in tNAA/tCre and tCho/tCre ratios in the patient group with LOC when compared with the control group of healthy volunteers (P=0.002 and P=0.041, respectively), and a significant decrease in the tNAA/tCre ratio in the LOC group when compared with patients without LOC (P=0.04). Other metabolite ratios in the brainstem did not show any significant group differences. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that decrease of tNAA/tCre ratio in the upper brainstem using single-voxel 1H-MRS may provide a potential biomarker for MTBI associated with LOC.

• MeSH
• bezvědomí etiologie   MeSH
• komoce mozku * komplikace   diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mozkový kmen diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Cíl: Cílem této studie bylo zjistit, zda jsou koncentrace metabolitů mozku naměřené na 3T MR tomografech Magnetom VIDA Siemens na dvou různých pracovištích srovnatelné. Soubor a metodika: Na obou pracovištích jsme během 24 h naměřili skupinu identických zdravých dobrovolníků pomocí protonové MR spektroskopie z jednoho objemu a metodou spektroskopického zobrazování. Spočetli jsme relativní rozdíly metabolických koncentrací mezi tomografy a mezi hemisférami v jednotlivých oblastech mozku. Výsledky: Bland-Altmanovy grafy neprokázaly významné rozdíly v žádném ze sledovaných parametrů mezi oběma tomografy, ani mezi levou a pravou hemisférou. Poměry signálu k šumu byly na obou pracovištích srovnatelné. Koncentrace nejčastěji hodnocených metabolitů (celkový N-acetylaspartát, celkový kreatin a cholinové sloučeniny) a jejich poměry vykázaly rozdíly mezi tomografy i mezi hemisférami v průměru do 6 % při použití krátkého i dlouhého echo času u MR spektroskopie z jednoho voxelu i spektroskopického zobrazování. Myo-inositol vykazoval vyšší rozdíl mezi hemisférami (max. 14 %). Závěr: Koncentrace metabolitů a jejich poměry jsou na obou pracovištích srovnatelné bez ohledu na použitou metodu MR spektroskopického měření a echo čas vyšetřovací sekvence. Pro kvantitativní porovnávání metabolických profilů pacientů s kontrolními hodnotami stačí naměřit pouze jednu sadu kontrolních dat a tu pak používat na obou pracovištích. Získaná data lze také sloučit v rámci multicentrických studií.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether brain metabolite concentrations measured on Siemens Magnetom VIDA 3T MR tomographs at two different MR units are comparable. Subjects and methods: We measured a group of identical healthy volunteers at both sites over a 24-h period using proton single voxel spectroscopy and MR spectroscopic imaging. We calculated the relative asymmetry in metabolic concentrations and their ratios between tomographs and between hemispheres in various brain regions. Results: Bland-Altman plots showed no significant differences in any of the parameters evaluated between the two tomographs or between the left and right hemispheres. Signal-to-noise ratios were comparable at both sites. The most frequently measured metabolite concentrations (total N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, choline-containing compounds) and their ratios showed differences between tomographs and between hemispheres averaging up to 6% using both short and long echo times for both single voxel MR spectroscopy and spectroscopic imaging. Myo-inositol exhibited a greater difference between hemispheres (max. 14%). Conclusion: Metabolic concentrations and their ratios were comparable at both MR units regardless of the MRI spectroscopic method and sequence echo time. To quantitatively compare the metabolic profiles of patients with control values, it is sufficient to measure only one set of control data and then use this at both sites. The data obtained can also be pooled in multicenter studies.

• Klíčová slova
• koncentrace metabolitů, koeficient asymetrie,
• MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurozobrazování * metody   MeSH
• protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: The main aim of the present study is to determine the role of metabolites observed using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). As the literature describing biochemical changes in OCD yields conflicting results, we focused on accurate metabolite quantification of total N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA), total creatine (tCr), total choline-containing compounds (tCh), and myo-inositol (mI) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to capture the small metabolic changes between OCD patients and controls and between OCD patients with and without medication. METHODS: In total 46 patients with OCD and 46 healthy controls (HC) matched for age and sex were included in the study. The severity of symptoms in the OCD was evaluated on the day of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Subjects underwent 1H-MRS from the pregenual ACC (pgACC) region to calculate concentrations of tNAA, tCr, tCho, and mI. Twenty-eight OCD and 28 HC subjects were included in the statistical analysis. We compared differences between groups for all selected metabolites and in OCD patients we analyzed the relationship between metabolite levels and symptom severity, medication status, age, and the duration of illness. RESULTS: Significant decreases in tCr (U = 253.00, p = 0.022) and mI (U = 197.00, p = 0.001) in the pgACC were observed in the OCD group. No statistically significant differences were found in tNAA and tCho levels; however, tCho revealed a trend towards lower concentrations in OCD patients (U = 278.00, p = 0.062). Metabolic concentrations showed no significant correlations with the age and duration of illness. The correlation statistics found a significant negative correlation between tCr levels and YBOCS compulsions subscale (cor = -0.380, p = 0.046). tCho and YBOCS compulsions subscale showed a trend towards a negative correlation (cor = -0.351, p = 0.067). Analysis of subgroups with or without medication showed no differences. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with OCD present metabolic disruption in the pgACC. The decrease in tCr shows an important relationship with OCD symptomatology. tCr as a marker of cerebral bioenergetics may also be considered as a biomarker of the severity of compulsions. The study failed to prove that metabolic changes correlate with the medication status or the duration of illness. It seems that a disruption in the balance between these metabolites and their transmission may play a role in the pathophysiology of OCD.

• MeSH
• cingulární gyrus diagnostické zobrazování   metabolismus   MeSH
• glutamin * metabolismus   MeSH
• inositol metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kreatin metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• kyselina asparagová metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• obsedantně kompulzivní porucha * diagnóza   MeSH
• protonová magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie metody   MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH