Humidity
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BACKGROUND: There is strong experimental evidence that physiologic stress from high temperatures is greater if humidity is higher. However, heat indices developed to allow for this have not consistently predicted mortality better than dry-bulb temperature. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to clarify the potential contribution of humidity an addition to temperature in predicting daily mortality in summer by using a large multicountry dataset. METHODS: In 445 cities in 24 countries, we fit a time-series regression model for summer mortality with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) for temperature (up to lag 3) and supplemented this with a range of terms for relative humidity (RH) and its interaction with temperature. City-specific associations were summarized using meta-analytic techniques. RESULTS: Adding a linear term for RH to the temperature term improved fit slightly, with an increase of 23% in RH (the 99th percentile anomaly) associated with a 1.1% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 1.3] decrease in mortality. Allowing curvature in the RH term or adding terms for interaction of RH with temperature did not improve the model fit. The humidity-related decreased risk was made up of a positive coefficient at lag 0 outweighed by negative coefficients at lags of 1-3 d. Key results were broadly robust to small model changes and replacing RH with absolute measures of humidity. Replacing temperature with apparent temperature, a metric combining humidity and temperature, reduced goodness of fit slightly. DISCUSSION: The absence of a positive association of humidity with mortality in summer in this large multinational study is counter to expectations from physiologic studies, though consistent with previous epidemiologic studies finding little evidence for improved prediction by heat indices. The result that there was a small negative average association of humidity with mortality should be interpreted cautiously; the lag structure has unclear interpretation and suggests the need for future work to clarify. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5430.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mortalita trendy MeSH
- nelineární dynamika MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- velkoměsta MeSH
- vlhkost * MeSH
- vysoká teplota * MeSH
- vystavení vlivu životního prostředí statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- velkoměsta MeSH
The rate of population increase of three mite species, Acarus siro (L.), Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), was studied on various types of barley and at various combinations of temperature and humidity. The mites were added into the chambers and incubated for 21 days on seven different kinds of barley coming from four sites, including six cultivars and a mixture. The population increase of all species was higher on the mixture than on any other cultivar, except for Sebastian and Calgary. The increase of mites was studied at constant temperatures ranging from 5 to 35 °C and relative humidity (RH) ranging from 50 to 90 %. Positive rate of increase was found above 70 % RH for all species. The optimal humidity was at 85 % RH for A. siro and L. destructor and at 90 % RH for T. putrescentiae. As concerns the temperature, positive rate of increase was found at temperatures higher than 10, 15 and 20 °C for A. siro, L. destructor and T. putrescentiae, respectively. The temperature optima were at 23, 25, and 30 °C for A. siro, L. destructor and T. putrescentiae, respectively. Model estimated on laboratory data was then fitted to temperature and humidity records from August to November in the Czech grain store. Estimated population rate of increase was rarely positive: for A. siro it was for 24 %, for L. destructor for only 1 % and for T. putrescentiae for only 7 % days of the study period. It is concluded that in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic the population increase of three mite pests is negligible during autumn and winter.
- MeSH
- Acari fyziologie MeSH
- ječmen (rod) klasifikace MeSH
- populační dynamika MeSH
- teplota * MeSH
- vlhkost * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
V tomto príspevku sú prezentované základné východiská a výsledky výskumu, ku ktorým autorský kolektív v tejto problematike dospel. Autori sa venujú hodnoteniu fyzikálnym faktorom pracovného prostredia, hlavne hluku, vibrá-ciám, osvetleniu a tepelno-vlhkostným mikroklimatickým podmienkam. Skúmajú subjektívne a objektívne vplyvy týchto faktorov na zdravie človeka. Mikroklimatické podmienky pracovného prostredia, označované tiež ako tepelno-vlhkostné podmienky, sú určené teplotou, vlhkosťou a rýchlosťou prúdenia vzduchu. Tieto parametre majú významný vplyv na subjektívny pocit pohody človeka, kvalitu odpočinku ako aj produktivitu práce. Z tohto dôvodu si autori príspevku dali za cieľ zmapovať subjektívne pocity zamestnancov, ktorí hodnotili tepelno-vlhkostné mikroklimatické podmienky vo vybraných výrobných (strojárskych) organizáciách. Pozornosť práce bola venovaná teoretickej i empirickej stránke hodnotenia tepelno-vlhkostných mikroklimatických parametrov pracovného prostredia a ich vplyvu na zamestnancov. Súčasťou hodnotenia bol dotazníkový výskum, v ktorom nás zaujímali dva hlavné okruhy: tepelno-vlhkostné mikroklimatické podmienky na pracovisku, zdravotné problémy zamestnancov súvisiace s podmienkami na pracovisku. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 200 zamestnancov, ktorí pracujú vo výrobných strojárskych organizáciách na východe Slovenska. Vstupným kritériom pre zaradenie do vyhodnocovacieho súboru dát bol dobrý zdravotný stav respondenta, ktorý netrpí závažnými zdravotnými problémami. Z výsledkov hodnotenia vyplynulo, že existuje štatisticky významná závislosť medzi niektorými sledovanými znakmi: napr. medzi vekom zamestnanca a výskytom sledovaných zdravotných problémov (bolesť hlavy, pocit nachladnutia, bolesť v oblasti chrbtice), rovnako medzi druhom vykonanej práce a spokojnosťou s vlhkosťou vzduchu na pracovisku, resp. s pocitom vysušenej nosnej sliznice. Výsledky hodnotenia dotazníkového výskumu taktiež ukázali významnú závislosť medzi druhom výrobnej organizácie a tepelno-vlhkostnými podmienkami na pracovisku, resp. výskytom zdravotných problémov respondentov. Ďalej bola zistená stredne pozitívna závislosť medzi tepelno-vlhkostnými mikroklimatickými podmienkami a pocitom únavy a bolesťami hlavy (resp. pocitom nachladnutia, bolesťami v oblasti chrbtice, pocitom vysušenej nosnej sliznice). Pri hodnotení dotazníkového výskumu boli využité štatistické metódy vhodné na sledovanie závislosti kategoriálnych znakov.
The contribution presents basic groundwork and results of investigation reached in the authors' research. The authors deal with evaluation of physical factors of working environment, particularly noise, vibrations, illumination and thermal-humidity microclimatic conditions. Subjected and objective influences of these factors on human health are investigated. The microclimatic conditions of the working environment, also denominated as thermal-humidity conditions are determined by temperature, humidity and air flow. These parameters significantly influence the human subjective feeling, quality of relaxation as well as working productivity. That is why the authors set to investigate subjective feelings of the employees, who assessed the thermal-humidity conditions in selected production organizations. The attention was devoted to theoretical and empirical part of evaluating thermal-humidity microclimatic parameters of the working environment and their effects on the employees. A questionnaire survey was included in the evaluation and two areas were of interest: thermal-humidity microclimatic conditions at the workplace; health problems of the employees associated with the workplace conditions. Two hundred employees working in the production machinery organizations in eastern Slovakia participated in the research. The entry criterion for eligibility into the cohort was a good health state of the respondents, without any serious health problems. It has become obvious that there is a significant statistical relationship between some observed indices including the age of the employee and occurrence of the observed health problems (headache, the feeling of catching a cold, backache), as well as between the type of working activity and satisfaction with humidity at the workplace or the feeling of dried nasal mucosa. Results of the questionnaire survey also revealed a significant relationship between the type of working organization and thermal-humidity conditions at the workplace or the incidence of health problems of the respondents. Moreover, the authors observed a relationship between thermal-humidity microclimatic parameters and the feeling of fatigue and headache (or the feeling of catching cold, backache and the feeling of dry nasal mucosa). In evaluating the questionnaire survey the authors used statistical methods suitable for determination of relationship between the category characteristics.
- MeSH
- bolesti hlavy MeSH
- bolesti zad MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroklima MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nachlazení MeSH
- pracoviště MeSH
- pracovní expozice * normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- průmysl MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- teplota * MeSH
- únava MeSH
- vlhkost * MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
